初中定语从句

定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主

语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：

1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句 2.指代功能：指代先行词

3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介词+ which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上

只能用that的定语从句

1. 先行词为不定代词all everying nothing anything little much none时或被这些词修饰时 ，关系代词只用that All that can be done has been done .

2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that

This is the most beautiful park that I have visited . The Titanic is the most dangerous film that I’ve ever seen . The best one that I’ll choose will be you .

3. 当先行词被序数词the first , the second , the last等修饰时，只用that

The first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten . This is the last class that we will have this term .

4. 当先行词被the only , the very , the last修饰时，只用that

( some any few much no very only ) The only student that may be elected is in our class . I have no question that will be asked .

There was little that interested him at the meeting . This is the very book that I am looking for .

5. 当先行词既指人又指物时

We often talk about the persons and things that we remember . The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very native . The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad .

6. 当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that

Who is the girl that is standing there ?

Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now ？ Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month ?

7. 当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式 ①that ②in which ③×

I don’t like the way that / in which / × you speak to your mother like that .

8. 先行词在句中作表语

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .