英语精读100篇UNIT9

TEXT ONE

For many college students, back to school also means back to downloading music over the university's high-speed Internet connection. But not so fast: The music industry's crackdown on piracy on campus didn't stop with the end of the spring semester.

In August, the Recording Industry Association of America sent pre-litigation letters to 58 colleges—coast to coast, from Boston University to San Diego State. More than 2,400 letters already have been sent to students at schools targeted by the RIAA. The letters offer students the option of paying a settlement fee based on the number of tunes the student allegedly downloaded illegally or taking the risk of a potentially more expensive lawsuit.

The music association isolates Internet addresses that generate high downloading and file-sharing traffic, then asks the school to turn over the identity of those students, so it can get in touch with them. Some schools, like the University of Wisconsin, have declined to assist the RIAA, explaining that \"to identify the IP users and forward the letters to them would put the university in an uncomfortable and inappropriate alliance with the RIAA,\" says Meg McCall, a spokesperson for the university. \"While we agree that violation of copyright law is serious and should be addressed, the only way to be certain of infractions is to pursue ac

Students also are a bit flummoxed by the pre-litigation letters, though many appear to be opting for the quick settlement. When Cassandra Hunt, then a sophomore at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received a notice from the school stating she was identified for violating copyright law, she asked the RIAA about the settlement fees. Explaining that it had identified 272 songs, which could potentially cost $750 per song should her case go to trial, it offered her a settlement fee. \"Now, I know what you're thinking,\" wrote the physics major in an op-ed for The Tech last year. \"With a collection of 272 whole songs, no wonder the RIAA felt compelled to squash my threat to the sanctity of music. However the lady on the phone told me they'd be willing to settle for $3,750.\" And that fee, explains Hunt, was requested to be paid within 15 days (though the RIAA offers a six-month payment plan).

Colleges are taking their own measures to persuade students not to pirate music. Some schools are making deals with music download services such as Ruckus to provide their students with free, legal options. Penn State is one of the schools that have signed up for Ruckus, which also

incorporates social-networking features. Users can \"friend\" others to see what playlists they are putting together and download those songs in seconds if their school has a Ruckus server installed. \"We like to think of ourselves as a discovery tool,\" explains Charlie Moore, a senior vice president of Ruckus. But the songs downloaded can be listened to on the Ruckus player only, explains Moore. While some portable media devices can play the songs, Ruckus tunes can't be imported into iTunes or iPods. Students at Penn State also have reported some problems getting the Ruckus service to

work on Apple's Mac computers. Nevertheless, that's still likely less commotion than they face from a pre-litigation letter.

1. Which one of the following is not the

measure taken by RIAA to fight against music piracy on campus?

[A] Sending pre-litigation letters to students who have violated copyright law.

[B] Blocking the access to downloading music to the students.

[C] Asking schools to sign up for music download services.

[D] Providing schools with charged legal access of music downloading services. 2. University of Wisconsin declined to assist the RIAA because_____

[A] they wanted to protect the students’ privacy.

[B] they thought RIAA’s request was inappropriate.

[C] they considered that actions should be carried through legal procedures.

[D] they did not want to made an alliance with the RIAA.

3. The word “flummoxed” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____ [A] perplexed. [B] irritated. [C] annoyed.

文章剖析：

[D] disturbed.

4. The case of Cassandra Hunt implies that _____

[A] the students shows unexpected willingness to work with the RIAA on how to make the settlement fees more reasonable.

[B] there exists contradiciton between RIAA’s payment plan and the actual payment requirment.

[C] there exists some problems in RIAA’s acion against the students’ piracy.

[D] RIAA attempts to assist students by

cutting off the fees and lengthen the payment period.

5. About services provided by Rucks to the students, which one of the following is NOT true?

[A]Those who are friended by the users of Rucks can download the songs in seconds given that both ends have access to Ruckus server.

[B] Music downloaded from the Ruckus server can only be played on the Ruckus player.

[C] Users can download songs freely and legally but have to face the problem of incompatibility.

[D] There are some problems in playing the songs downloaded with other players.

这篇文章讲述美国唱片产业协会对校园音乐盗版现象采取的措施。第一、二段讲述美国唱片协会采取了一定措施惩戒校园盗版现象；第三段讲述学校的态度；第四段讲述学生的态度；第五段讲述学校也采取措施防止学生的音乐盗版。

词汇注释： infraction n. 侵害

flummox v. 使惶惑

sophomore n. 大二学生 commotion n. 难句突破：

（1） The music association isolates Internet addresses that generate high downloading and

file-sharing traffic, then asks the school to turn over the identity of those students, so it can get in touch with them. [主体句式]The music association isolates Internet addresses ，then asks the school to turn over…so it can get …

[结构分析] 这是一个并列句。在前面的分句中，that引导的定语从句修饰addresses， 后面分句是带有目的状语从句的句子。

[句子译文] 音乐协会隔离了高速下载和文件分享的因特网地址，还要求学校移交那些学生的身份以便与他们取得联系。

(2) When Cassandra Hunt, then a sophomore at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

received a notice from the school stating she was identified for violating copyright law, she asked the RIAA about the settlement fees.

[主体句式]When Casandra Hunt received a notice，she asked …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句, 在状语从句中, then a sophomore…是主语的同位语; stating…现在分词结构做定语修饰前面的notice。

[句子译文] Cassandra Hunt是麻省理工学院的大学二年级学生，她从学校接到通知说已经被确定违反了版权法，于是就向美国唱片产业协会询问了解决费用。 题目分析：

1. Which one of the following is not the measure taken by RIAA to fight against music piracy on campus? [A] Sending pre-litigation letters to students who have violated copyright law. 1. 下列哪个不是美国唱片产业协会打击学校音乐盗版的措施？ [A] 给触犯了版权法的学生寄送预起诉信件。 [B] Blocking the access to downloading music to the [B] 向学生封锁了下载音乐的途径。 students. [C] Providing schools with charged legal access of music downloading services. [C] 为学校提供收费的音乐合法下载服务。 [D] Persuading schools to cooperate with them in supplying the students’ identity. [答案]C [难度系数] ☆

[D] 要求学校配合提供学生的身份。 [分析] 细节题。选项A是全文中多次提到的；选项B，第三段提到了这一点。选项D，第三段也提到了这一点。C选项中所谓的“为学校提供收费的音乐合法下载服务”在文章中并没有具体的对应信息，属于空穴来风的选项。 2. University of Wisconsin declined to assist the RIAA because_____ [A] they wanted to protect the students’ privacy. [C] they considered that actions should be carried through legal procedures. [D] they did not want to made an alliance with the RIAA. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]细节题。文章第三段提到，该大学拒绝协助唱片协会，解释是如果这样做了就会让人认为该大学和唱片协会达成了一种不适当的联合，他们也承认违反版权法应该被制裁，但是执行的唯一途径应当是通过法庭。可以看出，该大学是怕自己名誉受损，认为应该通过法律程序来进行。选项中，C最为符合题意。B文中并没有具体的提及。 3. The word “flummoxed” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____ [A] perplexed. [B] irritated. [C] annoyed. [D] disturbed. [答案]A [难度系数] ☆☆

[分析]猜词题。第四段主要讲述学生的一些反映，大部分学生选择了快速解决，但是有的学生却是另外一种态度。而该段所提到的Hunt的例子就说明她对这样的办法有一些疑虑。可以推断，该词是疑虑的意思，选项A符合题意。 4. The case of Cassandra Hunt implies that _____ 4. Cassandra Hunt的例子说明了_____ 3. “flummoxed”(第四段第一行)最有可能的意思为_____ [A] 困惑的。 [B] 愤怒的。 [C] 烦恼的。 [D] 受烦扰的。 2. 威斯康星大学拒绝协助美国唱片产业协会是因为_____ [A] 他们想要保护学生的隐私。 [C] 他们认为应该通过法律程序来进行。 [D] 他们不想和该协会联合。 [B] they thought RIAA’s request was inappropriate. [B]他们认为该协会的要求是不适当的。 [A] the students shows unexpected willingness to [A]出乎意料的是，学生们表达了他们愿意与RIAwork with the RIAA on how to make the settlement A合作来制定最合理解决费用的意愿。 fees more reasonable. [B] there exists contradiciton between RIAA’s payment plan and the actual payment requirment. [C] there exists some problems in RIAA’s acion against the students’ piracy. [D]RIAA attempts to assist students by cutting off the fees and lengthen the payment period. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。文章举Hunt的例子是为了说明学生中间有一些人对唱片协会的处决有一些疑惑，一是可以以较少的费用解决该问题；一是支付时间上存在一些问题。这个例子还是为了说明，唱片协会在处理该事件上还是有一些问题和争议存在。所有选项中，C最为符合题意。A的表述显然是错误的，因为首先Hunt的例子只是一个个例，并不代表所有的学生。此外，Hunt只是咨询相关的情况，这并不表明她持支持与合作的态度，相反她是对RIAA持讽刺态度的。D选项有一定的迷惑性，该例子中提到了RIAA减少了Hunt所需要交的费用，括号中也说明有一个六个月支付的计划，但这正是为了说明RIAA规定的不成熟性和随意性，与选项表述的态度是相反的，因此D选项也是错误的。 5. About services provided by Ruckus to the students, which one of the following is NOT true? 5． 关于Ruckus提供给学生的服务，下列哪一个选项是错误的？ [B]唱片协会支付计划和实际的支付要求之间有矛盾。 [C]唱片协会反对学生盗版的行动中存在一些问题。 [D]RIAA试图帮助学生们减少要缴纳的解决费用并且延长支付时期。 [A]Those who are friended by the users of Ruckus [A]Ruckus用户加为朋友的人可以在几秒钟内下can download the songs in their playlists in seconds 载其播放列表的歌曲，如果双方都能够进入given that both ends have access to Ruckus server. Ruckus服务器的话。 [B] Music downloaded from the Ruckus server can only be played on Ruckus player. [B] 在Ruckus服务器上下载的音乐只能够用Ruckus的播放器来播放。 [C] Users can download songs freely and legally but [C]用户可以免费、合法地下载歌曲，但却必须have to face the problem of incompatibility. 面临无法兼容的问题。 [D] There are some problems in playing the songs of [D]用其他播放器播放下载的Ruckus歌曲时存在Ruckus downloaded with other players. 一些问题。 [答案]B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。选项B, 文章最后一段提到别列为朋友后，这些朋友所在学校也必须有Ruckus的服务器时才可以快速下载播放列表的歌曲因此，其前提是“用户可以让他人“成为朋友”，从而看到他们的播放列表，如果这些朋友的学校也有Ruckus服务器的话也可以在几秒内下载这些歌曲”，因此A是正确选项。关于选项B，最后一段提到“虽然一些可携媒体设备可以播放歌曲，Ruckus歌曲却不能输入iTunes 或 iPods”，可见不一定是要在Ruckus的播放

器上使用，还可以在其他一些播放器上使用，可见B选项时错误的，同时D选项是正确的。选项C，最后一段也提到了，可以为学生提供免费、合法的音乐。因此答案为B选项。 参考译文：

对于许多大学生来说，回到学校就意味着可以重新通过学校的高速因特网下载音乐了。但现在不会快了：音乐界打击校园盗版的行动并没有因为春季学期的结束而告终。 八月份，美国唱片产业协会将预诉讼信送到了58所大学，从东海岸到了西海岸，从波斯顿大学到圣地亚哥州立大学。有2400多封信件已经寄到美国唱片产业协会注意到的学生手中了。信中给了学生两个选择，学生可以根据涉嫌非法下载歌曲的数量来支付一笔罚金，否则就可能面临更昂贵的诉讼。

音乐协会隔离了高速下载和文件分享的因特网地址，还要求学校移交那些学生的身份以便与他们取得联系。一些学校，如威斯康星大学就拒绝协助美国唱片产业协会，该校解释说“找到这些IP用户并把信件转交给他们，这会使学校与美国唱片产业协会结成不合适的联盟，” 学校发言人Meg McCall说道，“虽然我们也认为违反版权法的行为后果严重，应该被处理，但是应该是通过来进行确定。” 学生们对于预诉讼信件也颇为惶惑，虽然许多人选择了快速解决。Cassandra Hunt是麻省理工学院的大学二年级学生，她从学校接到通知说已经被确定违反了版权法，于是就向美国唱片产业协会询问了解决费用。协会解释说目前已经确定了272首歌，如果上升到的话可能每首歌要花费750美元，但协会说她可以交一笔解决费用了事。“现在我知道你是怎么想的，”去年这个物理学专业学生写道，“一共272首歌，毫无疑问美国唱片协会不得不压制我对音乐版权的侵犯。但是，电话上那个女士告诉我他们愿意以3750美元解决。” Hunt 解释说，这笔费用必须在15天内缴清（虽然美国唱片产业给出了一份6个月的分期支付计划）。 学校自己也在采取措施防止学生下载盗版音乐。大多数学校与一些音乐下载服务（如Ruckus）进行合作，为学生提供免费、合法的音乐。宾西法尼亚州立大学已经和拥有社会网络功能的Ruckus签订了协议。用户可以与他人“成为朋友”，从而看到他们的播放列表，如果这些朋友的学校也有Ruckus服务器的话，就可以在几秒内下载这些歌曲。“我们更愿意把我们想象成探索工具，” Ruckus资深副总裁Charlie Moore解释道。但是下载的歌曲只能在Ruckus播放器上播放，Moore解释说。虽然一些可携媒体设备可以播放这些歌曲，Ruckus歌曲却不能输入iTunes 或 iPods。宾西法尼亚州立大学学生也反映在苹果计算机上运行Ruckus服务存在一些问题。但是，比起预起诉的麻烦来说这已经不算什么了。

TEXT TWO

On the face of things, a fall in the number of people infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) from 39.5m to 33.2m over the course of a single year, as reported in this year's AIDS epidemic update from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAIDS, should be cause for rejoicing. Indeed, it is, for it means there are fewer people to treat, and fewer to pass the infection on, than was previously thought. But the fall is not a real fall. Rather, it is due to a change in the way the size of the epidemic is estimated.

If you factor in that change, the number of infected individuals has actually risen since last year, by 500,000. Yet even that is not necessarily bad news in the paradoxical world of AIDS. As treatment programmes are rolled out around the world, death rates are falling. According to the revised figures, the lethal peak, of 2.2m a year, was in 2005. Now the figure is 2.1m. Since the only way for an infected person to drop out of the statistics in reality (as opposed to by sleight of

statistical hand) is for him to die, such increased survivorship inevitably pushes up the total size of the epidemic.

The best news of all, however, is that the new figures confirm what had previously been

suspected—that the epidemic has peaked. The highest annual number of new infections around the world was 3.4m in 1998. That figure has now fallen to 2.5m.

Both the change in the death rate and the change in the infection rate are partly a consequence of the natural flow and ebb of any epidemic infection. But they are also a reflection of the hard graft of public-health workers in many countries, who have persuaded millions of people to modify or abandon risky behaviour, such as having unprotected sex, as they have also created the medical infrastructure needed to distribute anti-retroviral drugs that can keep symptoms at bay in those who do become infected. The revision of the figures is mainly a result of better data-collection methods, particularly in India (which accounts for half the downward revision) and five African countries (which account for another fifth). In India many more sampling points have been established, and in all countries better survey methods, relying on surveyors knocking on doors rather than asking questions at clinics, have gathered data from more representative samples.

Sceptics will feel vindicated by the revision. They have suspected for a while that the older survey methods were biased, and that the inflation thus produced was tolerated because it helped twang the heart-strings of potential donors. However, the structures for collecting and distributing money to combat AIDS are now well established, and accurate data are crucial if that money is not to be misdirected. The new information also means that the goal of treatment for all who need it will be easier and cheaper to achieve. The WHO and UNAIDS are planning to publish a report on the matter early next year, but Paul De Lay, UNAIDS's director of evidence, monitoring and policy, says that the financial requirements for 2010 will probably be about 5% less than previously estimated, and that by 2015 that figure will have risen to 10%. Good news for everyone, then, donors and sufferers alike.

1. Though the number of infected individuals has risen, it is still worth rejoicing because_____

[A] the number of people who are dying from AIDS has decreased.

[B] the total size of the epidemic is shrinking in a significant extent.

[C] it is only a rise in the sense of statistics, instead of a real number.

[D] in the paradoxical world of AIDS bad news can turn out to be good news.

2. About the changes in the death rate and the infection rate of HIV, which one of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Any epidemic will naturally has such changes.

[B] They are mainly aroused by the new statistic methods.

[C] They clearly mirror of the essential achievements of public-health workers. [D] The death rate has been greatly suppressed due to massive implementation of treatment programmes.

3. The word “vindicatde” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means_____ [A] confused. [B] clarified. [C] doubting. [D] annoyed. 文章剖析：

4. By 2015, the financial requirements will

_____

[A] have risen by 10% more than what have been previously estimated.

[B] be 10% of what have been previously estimated.

[C] be 10% less than previously estimated. [D] be 15% less than previously estimated. 5. Towards the revision, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____ [A] negative. [B] positive. [C] indifferent. [D] neutral.

这篇文章介绍了艾滋病统计新方法实施带来的变化。第一段讲述根据新的统计方法对于艾滋病数量带来的变化；第二段讲述着这种统计方法带来的死亡率变化；第三段讲述数据修改证实了一些猜测；第四段讲述数字的变化也反映了公共卫生做出的贡献；第五段讲述数据修改的途径；第六段讲述正确数据的重要性。 词汇注释： factor in v. 计算入内 ebb n. 衰落 twang v. 拨动弦声

难句突破：

(1) On the face of things, a fall in the number of people infected with HIV (the virus that causes

AIDS) from 39.5m to 33.2m over the course of a single year, as reported in this year's AIDS

sleight n. 诡计，手法 vindicate v. 证明…正确

epidemic update from the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNAIDS, should be cause for rejoicing.

[主体句式]A fall should be cause for rejoicing.

[结构分析] 这是一个简单句。On the face of things是句子的状语，而as 引导的定语从句是用来修饰前面的a fall in the number…。

[句子译文] 世界卫生组织和UNAIDS报告的本年度艾滋病最新数据表明，在短短一年的时间内感染HIV(引发艾滋病的病毒)的人数从3950万人减少到3320万人，表面上来看这确实令人欣喜。

(2) But they are also a reflection of the hard graft of public-health workers in many countries, who have persuaded millions of people to modify or abandon risky behaviour, such as having unprotected sex, as they have also created the medical infrastructure needed to distribute anti-retroviral drugs that can keep symptoms at bay in those who do become infected. [主体句式] But they are also a reflection of …

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句, 表语的定语结构比较复杂；在该定语中，who引导的定语从句修饰前面的workers，后面such as结构用来修饰risky behaviour； such as后面是两个并列的成分， 一个为动名词短语，一个是句子；在这个并列成分的句子中，有一个以that引导的定语从句用来修饰drugs。

[句子译文] 但是也反映了许多公共卫生工作者的努力，他们成功说服了成百万上千万的人们改变或者放弃危险的性行为、如没有任何保护措施的性行为，他们还建立了医疗基础措施来分发反逆转药物，这种药物可以让那些已经被感染的患者症状消失。 题目分析：

1. Though the number of infected individuals has risen, it is still worth rejoicing because_____ [A] the number of people who are dying from AIDS has decreased. [B] the total size of the epidemic is shrinking in a significant extent. 1. 尽管感染艾滋病的人数上升了，但是还是值得高兴，因为_____ [A] 死于艾滋病的人数减少了。 [B] 这种传染病整体的数量下降了。 [C] it is only a rise in the sense of statistics, instead [C] 这只是统计上的增加，而不是实际数of a real number. 目的增加。 [D]in the paradoxical world of AIDS bad news can [D] 在荒谬、是非颠倒的艾滋病世界中，turn out to be good news. 坏消息也能变成好消息。 [答案]A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。本题针对的是文章的第一段和第二段。文章第二段提到，虽然感染的人数上升了，但并不是坏消息，因为随着全世界医疗水平的提高，爱滋病死亡率下降了。这个上升的数据对应的是死亡人数的减少，因此，选项中A符合题意。B选项显然是错误的，因为整体染病的人数还在上升，而下降的是增加人数的比率。C选项是对第一段“但这个数量的减少却不是真正的减少，而是因为评估该传染病数量的方法发生了改变”的误解。D选项是对第二段“Yet even that is not necessarily bad news in the paradoxical world of AIDS”的曲解，选项的表述过于绝对，而原文的语气没有这么肯定。 2. About the changes in the death rate and the infection rate of HIV, which one of the following statements is NOT true? [A] Any epidemic will naturally has such changes 2. 关于HIV死亡率和感染率的变化，下列哪个选项是错误的? [A] 任何传染病都会很自然地有这样的变化。 [B] They are mainly aroused by the new statistic [B] 这些变化主要是因为新的统计方法引起的。 methods. [C] They clearly mirror of the essential achievements of public-health workers. [D] The death rate has been greatly suppressed due to massive implementation of treatment programmes. [答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。选项A，第四段提到，死亡率和感染率所发生的变化一部分原因是由于每种传染病都会有这样自然的起伏。选项B，第五段提到，数据的变化主要是由于采用了更好的数据收集方法，而不是统计方法。因此B是错误的，D是正确的。选项C，第五段提到了这一点。那么，选项B是正确答案。

3. The word “vindicatde” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) 3. “vindicated”(第六段第一行)这个词最有可能的most probably means_____ 意思是_____ [A] confused. [B] clarified. [C] doubting. [D] annoyed. [答案]B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 猜词题。在第六段中，根据上下文，持怀疑态度者最开始怀疑老的调查方法有偏颇，但是现在新的方比较先进、科学，他们的疑虑应该打消了。因此，选项B最为符合题意。 4. By 2015, the financial requirements will _____ 4. 到2015年,财政需求将会_____ [A] 迷惑的 。 [B] 澄清的。 [C] 怀疑的。 [D] 懊恼的。 [C] 这些变化清楚地反映了公共卫生工作人员的重要成绩。 [D] 由于大规模地实施了各种治疗项目，因此死亡率得到了极大的控制。 [A] have risen by 10% more than what have been previously estimated. [C] be 10% less than previously estimated. [D] be 15% less than previously estimated. [答案]C [难度系数] ☆☆

[A] 比先前估计的上升10%。 [B] be 10% of what have been previously estimated. [B] 是先前估计的10%。 [C] 比先前估计的少10%。 [D] 比先前估计的少15%。 [分析] 细节题。第六段中原文指出，到2010年财政需求可能要比先前估计的少 5%，而到2015年这个数字将涨到10%。那么也就是说，到了2015年，财政需求要比先前估计的少10%。选项C为正确答案。

5. Towards the revision, the author’s attitude can 5. 对于这次修订,作者的态度是_____ be said to be_____ [A] negative. [B] positive. [C] indifferent. [D] neutral. [答案]B [难度系数] ☆

[分析] 态度题。对于这次修订，作者在全文多次用了赞扬的语气，描述这样做了改变的好处，因此，作者的态度是肯定的，正确答案为B选项。 参考译文：

世界卫生组织和UNAIDS报告的本年度艾滋病最新数据表明，在短短一年的时间内感染HIV(引发艾滋病的病毒)的人数从3950万人减少到3320万人，表面上来看这确实令人欣喜。实际上也确实如此，因为这意味着需要治疗的人喝传播疾病的人比原来估计的要少。但这个数量的减少却不是真正的减少，而是因为估计该传染病规模的方法发生了改变。 如果将这种改变考虑进来，受感染的人数实际上比去年增长了50万人。但是即便如此，这对于艾滋病世界来说也不一定是坏消息。随着全世界治疗方案的大量出现，死亡率开始有所下降。根据修改后的数据统计，死亡高峰出现在2005年即一年220万人死亡。现在这个数字为210万。因为受感染的患者要真正退出统计数字（而不是通过数据统计办法），唯一的方法就是死亡，存活患者人数的增加不免增加了感染者的总数。

但是最好的消息就是新数据肯定了先前被怀疑的事实——感染人数已经过了最高点。1998年新感染者的最高总人数为340万人，现在降到250万人。

[A] 否定的。 [B] 肯定的。 [C] 不关心的。 [D] 中立的。 死亡率的变化和感染率的变化部分是由于每一种传染病都存在的自然起落规律，但是也反映了许多公共卫生工作者的努力，他们成功说服了成百万上千万的人们改变或者放弃危险的性行为、如没有任何保护措施的性行为，他们还建立了医疗基础措施来分发反逆转药物，这种药物可以让那些已经被感染的患者症状消失。

数据修改是实施了更好数据收集方法的结果，特别是在印度（该数据的下降有一半是因为印度数据的改变）和五个非洲国家（数据下降的1/5是因为这些国家）。印度建立了更多的取样点，而所有国家都实行了更好的调查方法，主要依靠上门调查而不是在诊所询问问题，这样收集到了更全面的病例数据。

持怀疑态度的人会因为数据修改而证实了他们先前的怀疑。他们曾怀疑过去的调查方法有一定偏颇，由此导致的数据上涨也是在容许范围内，因此这样就可以使许多潜在的捐赠人动心。但是，现在为抗击艾滋病建立了收集和分发资金的结构，如果想要这些正确使用资金，那么正确的数据是非常重要的。新信息也意味着治疗所有患者的目标实现起来会更简单，更廉价。世界卫生组织和UNAIDS目前计划在明年年初发布一个报告，但是UNAIDS取证、监测和主任Paul De Lay称2010年财政需求要比先前预计的少5%，到2015年该数字将达到10%。这对于那是的每个人来说，不管是捐献者还是患者都是好消息。

TEXT THREE

Depending on your age and memory, it was a week of radically new or reassuringly old developments in the advertising industry. To Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, a popular social-networking website, it was the former. Standing in front of about 250 mostly middle-aged advertising executives on November 6th, he announced that Facebook was offering them a new deal. “For the last hundred years media has been pushed out to people,” he said, “but now marketers are going to be a part of the conversation.” Using his firm's new approach, he claimed, advertisers will be able to piggyback on the “social actions” of Facebook users, since “people influence people.” Mr Zuckerberg's underlying idea is hardly new. But, says Randall Rothenberg, the boss of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade association, the announcements this week by Facebook and its larger rival, MySpace, which has a similar ad system, could amount to a big step forward in conversational marketing. If new technologies that are explicitly based on social interactions prove effective, he thinks, they might advance web advertising to its fourth phase.

From the point of view of marketers, the existing types of online ads already represent breakthroughs. In search, they can now target consumers who express interest in a particular

product or service by typing a keyword; they pay only when a consumer responds, by clicking on their ads. In display, they can track and measure how their ads are viewed and whether a consumer is paying attention better than they ever could with television ads. Yet now the holy grail of observing and even participating in consumers' conversations appears within reach.

The first step for brands to socialise with consumers is to start profile pages on social networks and then accept “friend requests” from individuals. On MySpace, brands have been doing this for a

while. For instance, Warner Bros, a Hollywood studio, had a MySpace page for “300”, its film about Spartan warriors. It signed up some 200,000 friends, who watched trailers, talked the film up before its release, and counted down toward its DVD release.

Facebook, from this week, also lets brands create their own pages. Coca-Cola, for instance, has a Sprite page and a “Sprite Sips” game that lets users play with a little animated character on their own pages. Facebook makes this a social act by automatically informing the player's friends, via tiny “news feed” alerts, of the fun in progress. Thus, at least in theory, a Sprite “experience” can travel through an entire group, just as Messrs Lazarsfeld and Katz once described in the offline world.

In many cases, Facebook users can also treat brands' pages like those of other friends, by adding reviews, photos or comments, say. Each of these actions might again be communicated instantly to the news feeds of their clique. Obviously this is a double-edged sword, since they can just as easily criticise a brand as praise it. Facebook even plans to monitor and use actions beyond its own site to place them in a social context. If, for instance, a Facebook user makes a purchase at Fandango, a website that sells cinema tickets, this information again shows up on the news feeds of his friends on Facebook, who might decide to come along. If he buys a book or shirt on another site, then this implicit recommendation pops up too. 1. The fourth phase of web advertising is_____ [A] creating brands’ own pages on social-networking websites.

[B] the strategy of conversational marketing. [C] on-line advertising through various means. [D] interactive advertising. 2. The new advertising model makes breakthrough in_____

[A] allowing marketers to find consumers with a keyword.

[B] providing marketers access to measure their ads’ effectiveness.

[C] encouraging consumers to have more communication and interaction.

[D] endow marketers with the right of creating their own pages.

[D] this kind of advertising model fits the film industry.

4. About Facebook, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

[A] It has reached a consensus with MySpace in pushing forward the new advertising model [B] It is marching into a new phase of the advertising industry based on its expertise in advertisement.

[C] It will make full use of the social actions of its users in the new advertising model. 3. The case of Warner Bros implies that _____ [A] MySpace is having a step further than Facebook.

[B] the “friend request” approach is effective. [C] some initial steps of the new advertising model have been taken.

[D] It provides customized service to

commercial organizations to facilitate their success.

5. Facebook’s principle of “people influence people” is best reflected in its_____ [A] special pages for famous brands like Coca-cola.

[B] “Sprit Sips” game on the Sprite page.

文章剖析：

[C] tiny alerts of news feeds.

[D] profile pages and “friends request” to socialize people.

这篇文章介绍了广告行业最新的广告形式——会话式互动网络广告。第一段讲述Facebook宣布实行新的广告方法；第二段讲述实行新模式的意义；第三段讲述目前广告的情况和未来的方向；第四、五、六段讲述Facebook和MySpace采取的一些初步举措。 词汇注释：

marketer n. 市场商人 Spartan adj. 斯巴达的 难句突破：

(1) But, says Randall Rothenberg, the boss of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade

association, the announcements this week by Facebook and its larger rival, MySpace, which has a similar ad system, could amount to a big step forward in conversational marketing. [主体句式] But, say Randall Rothenberg, the announcements could amount to…

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句， the boss of…是主语的同位语；a trade association是前面the Interactive Advertising Bureau的同位语；宾语从句中，which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来修饰前面MySpace的。 [句子译文] 但是，一家名为互动广告局的贸易协会老总Randall Rotherberg 认为Facebook和其最大的对手——拥有相似广告体系的MySpace在本周发布的宣言将对话市场营销中向前迈出的一大步。

(2) If, for instance, a Facebook user makes a purchase at Fandango, a website that sells cinema

tickets, this information again shows up on the news feeds of his friends on Facebook, who might decide to come along. [主体句式]If a Facebook user makes a purchase…, this information shows up …

piggyback v. 象背负在别的东西上起作用 clique n. 私党，小圈子

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，在条件状语从句中，a websit …是前面Fandango的同位语；主句中who 引导的定语从句是修饰Facebook的。 [句子译文] 比如，一个Facebook的用户在卖电影票的网站Fandango进行了一笔交易，这个信息会出现在Facebook上的朋友新闻地带中，他们也可能会决定一起去。 题目分析：

1. The fourth phase of web advertising is_____ [A] creating brands’ own pages on social-networking websites. [B] the strategy of conversational marketing. [C] on-line advertising through various means. [D] interactive advertising. [答案] D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。文章第二段提到，如果基于社会互动的新技术效果比较好的话，那么就可以把网络广告推向第四阶段。第三段又提到，目前的现存的网上广告种类已经代表了突破。 但是，目前观察、甚至是参与顾客的会话的圣杯仿佛近在咫尺了。可以看出，下一步就是这种会话式网上广告，答案中D最为符合。 2. The new advertising model makes breakthrough in_____ [A] allowing marketers to find consumers with a keyword. 2. 新的广告模式作出的突破是在_____ [A] 允许商人用关键词就可以找到客户。 1. 网络广告的第四阶段为_____ [A] 在社交网站上制作品牌自己的网页。 [B] 对话式的营销战略。 [C] 以各种方式进行的在线广告。 [D] 互动性广告。 [B] providing marketers access to measure their ads’ [B] 为商人提供衡量他们广告效益的途effectiveness. 径。 [C] encouraging consumers to have more communication and interaction. [C] 鼓励顾客们进行更多的交流和互动。 [D] endow marketers with the right of creating their [D] 赋予商人制作自己网页的权利。 own pages. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。本题要注意不要和以前网络广告作出的突破混淆，第三段提出的两个突破也就是选项A、B是目前网络广告已经作出的突破，而新的突破第三段也提到了，是允许商家和用户会话互动，因此C选项符合题意。D只是达到这个突破的手段。 3. The case of Warner Bros implies that _____ 3. 华纳兄弟的例子说明了_____ [A] MySpace is having a step further than Facebook. [B] the “friend request” approach is effective. [C] some initial steps of the new advertising model have been taken. [D] this kind of advertising model fits the film industry. [答案] C [难度系数] ☆☆

[A] MySpace比Facebook走先进了一步。 [B] “寻找朋友”的方法比较有效。 [C] 新广告模式方面已经有了初步的进展。 [D] 这种新的广告模式适合电影产业。 [分析] 推理题。根据上下文，进行新广告模式的第一步就是在网上开办网页，然后说在

MySpace一些牌子已经这样做了，接着就提到华纳兄弟的例子。可以看出，这个例子是为了说明本段的中心意思，就是进行广告模式的初期步骤，因此C选项符合题意。

4. About Facebook, which one of the following 4. 关于Facebook,下列哪个陈述是正确的? statements is TRUE? [A] It has reached a consensus with MySpace [A] 它已经和MySpace达成共识，联合起来推in pushing forward the new advertising model. 进新的广告模式。 [B] It is marching into a new phase of the advertising industry based on its expertise in advertisement. [B] 基于其在广告业务上的专业性，它迈入广告行业的新阶段。 [C] It will make full use of the social actions of [C] 在新的广告模式中它将充分利用用户的社its users in the new advertising model. 会作用。 [D] It provides customized service to commercial organizations to facilitate their success. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。选项A，虽然文中提到了Facebook 和MySpace在进行一些相似的举措，但是文章第二段就指出它们是竞争对手，也未提到它们达成共识和联合行动，因此该陈述不正确。选项B，从文章可以看出它一直在从事广告业，但没有明确提出它的expertise。选项C，在文章第一段公司老总跟客户就提到这一点，它自身目前的一些举措也反映了着点。选项D，文章中提到了它们的服务帮助企业走向成功，但是却没有明确提到“customized service”。因此，C选项为正确答案。

5. Facebook’s principle of “people influence people” is best reflected in its_____ [A] special pages for famous brands like 5. Facebook的 “人们影响人们”的理念在_____体现得最为充分。 [A] 为向可口可乐这样的著名品牌提供的特[D] 它为商业机构提供了定制服务，从而帮助它们达到成功。 Coca-cola. [B] “Sprit Sips” game on the Sprite page. [C] tiny alerts of news feeds. [D] profile pages and “friends request” to socialize people. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

殊网页 [B] 在雪碧网页上的“雪碧吮吸”游戏 [C] 一些小的新闻提示 [D] 为了帮助人们社交的个人主页和“交友请求” [分析] 推理题。答案的选项都是文章最后两段提到的内容。可口可乐、雪碧网页和雪碧游戏都是一种手段和媒介，主要还是让其用户通过“新闻提示”来互相知道朋友间的买卖动向，这样朋友间就可能因为旁边的人买了某种东西也去购买。因此，这种理念在“新闻传播”上得到了最充分的体现。D选项虽然也可以体现这样的理念，但不如C选项能够更充分的体现。因此正确答案为C选项。 参考译文：

这一周对于广告行业来说可能意味着全新的发展, 但也可能是旧模式的发展, 这要视人们的年龄和记忆而定。对于社会网络网站Facebook的老总Mark Zuckerberg来说就是根本上的全新发展。 12月6日，他站在大约250名中年广告经理面前，宣布Facebook将为他们提供了一个新项目。 “在过去的百年中，媒体被推到人们面前，”他说，“今天，商人们也成为这场对话中的一员。”他声称采用该公司的新措施，广告客户就可以借助Facebook用户的“社会行为”，因为“人可以影响人”。 Zuckerberg先生的基本观点并不是很有新意。但是，一家名为互动广告局的贸易协会老总Randall Rotherberg 认为Facebook和其最大的对手——拥有相似广告体系的MySpace在本周发布的宣言将对话市场营销中向前迈出的一大步。他认为， 如果基于社会互动的新技术证明有效的话， 他们就可以将网络广告推向第四阶段。

从商人角度来说， 现有的各类网上广告已经代表了突破。 他们现在通过输入关键字就可以锁定对某种产品或服务感兴趣的顾客， 但只有顾客做出反应，也就是点击了他们的广告后，商人才付费。在展示中，他们可以跟踪其广告是如何被顾客观看的，以及相比广告顾客是否更好地关注网络广告。然而，目前观察、甚至是参与顾客会话的圣杯仿佛近在咫尺了。 品牌要和顾客取得交流的第一步就是在社会网络上启动图形页，从而可以从个人那里接受“友情邀请”。一些品牌在MySpace上这样做已经有一段时间了。 比如，好莱坞电影公司华纳兄弟在MySpace上有一个专门的页面服务于“300”，这是关于斯巴达勇士的一部电影。有20万个人注册成为该网页的朋友, 这些人观看宣传片, 在影片放映前进行讨论, 对DVD发行进行倒计时。

从这周起, Facebook允许品牌在其网站上制作自己的网页。比如，可口可乐已经开一个雪碧网页，还有一个“雪碧吸吮”的游戏，用户可以在其网页上用一个生动的小角色来玩这个游戏。Facebook通过小的“新闻”提醒自动通知玩家的朋友这种游戏的快乐，使之成为

一种社会行为。这样，至少在理论上，雪碧“经验”可以穿越整个群体，正如Messrs Lazarsfeld和 Katz在线下世界所描述的那样。

在许多情况下，Facebook用户也可以象对待其他朋友一样对待品牌的网页，比如可以增加评论、照片或者注释。而且每一个活动都可以马上传到他们小圈子的新闻地带。很显然，这是一把双刃剑，因为他们可以轻易地批评一个品牌，也可以表扬一个品牌。Facebook甚至计划要在自己网站之外也采取一些行动，从而将之置于一个社会环境中。比如，一个Facebook的用户在卖电影票的网站Fandango进行了一笔交易，这个信息会出现在Facebook上的朋友新闻地带中，他们也可能会决定一起去。如果该用户在另外一个网站买了一本书或一件衬衫，这种暗示的推荐也会出现。

TEXT FOUR

This is a book you can imagine Alec Leamas, the miserable spook hero of “The Spy Who Came In From the Cold”, enjoying on the number 11 bus back to his dingy Hammersmith flat. “What do you think spies are: priests, saints, martyrs?” Leamas famously snarled. “They're a

squalid procession of vain fools, traitors too, yes; pansies, sadists and drunkards, people who play cowboys and Indians to brighten their rotten lives.”

Plus ça change, apparently. “Curveball” offers a squalid and up-to-date procession of real-life fools, traitors and game-players seeking to brighten their rotten lives. Principal among them is an Iraqi chemical engineer who pitched up in Germany without a visa in 1999. He asked for political asylum and knew that he would greatly improve his chances of getting it if he could make himself interesting to the intelligence services. Which he did. Before long he had their rapt attention, as well as his own code name, Curveball.

Bob Drogin, a reporter on the Los Angeles Times, relates how over the next couple of years Curveball impressed his interrogators with his detailed knowledge of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons programmes. He spoke at length of such things as mobile laboratories that were being used to cook up lethal bugs. The Americans were desperate to have a look at him too. But the Germans fobbed off their rivals with transcripts and reports, blocking direct access to their prize informer. Nevertheless, Curveball's story became an important part of the American government's case for invading Iraq. Information taken from his testimony cropped up in the National Intelligence Estimate of October 2002 (which maintained with “high confidence” that Iraq had chemical and biological weapons); in George Bush's state-of-the-union message in January 2003 (which included a reference to “mobile weapons labs designed to produce germ-warfare agents”); and in Colin Powell's presentation to the UN the following month (which featured computer-generated images of those mobile weapons labs, based on descriptions and drawings by Curveball).

But it was all rubbish. Curveball was a low-level drone and borderline nutcase with a gift for telling people what they wanted to hear. In the run-up to the war—despite the doubts expressed by some experts about Curveball's reliability—nobody bothered to check out his story properly. It was not until 2004, a year after the invasion of Iraq, that the CIA admitted that Curveball had foxed them. He “appears to be fabricating in this stream of reporting”, the burn notice read.

Mr Drogin points out that, in the aftermath of September 11th 2001, critics lambasted American intelligence for failing to “connect the dots that might have prevented the terrorist attacks”. What makes the Curveball case so dreadful, he reckons, is that this time they simply invented the dots. “If Curveball fused fact and fiction, others twisted and magnified his account in grotesque ways,” he concludes. “Time and again, bureaucratic rivalries, tawdry ambitions and spineless leadership proved more important than professional integrity.” You can just about hear old Alec Leamas muttering “Told you so.” 1. The hero (heroes) of the book “Curveball” is (are)_____

[A] Alec Leamas who severely criticizes the profession of spy.

[B] a squalid procession of spies. [C] an Iraqi chemical engineer named Curveball.

[D] the spies that work for CIA ahead of the Iraqi war.

2. Curveball successfully got political asylum in Germany because_____ [A] He was wanted by Americans. [B] He was the principal of Iraq’s bio-chemical engineering project.

[C] He boasted of his adequate knowledge on Iraq’s information with full confidence. [D] He succeeded in making the Germans believe that he was a reliable and useful informer.

3. Curveball’s reliability was not suspected despite some experts’ doubt because_____

[C] His story has been used in many important government reports.

[D] American intelligence neglected their duty. 4. The word “dots” (Line 4, Paragraph 6) most probably means _____ [A] points. [B] marks. [C] falsities. [D] evidences.

5. By mentioning old Alec Leamas’ muttering “Told you so.”, the author implies that_____ [A] spies are good story teller. [B] fact is often confused with fiction. [C] people are easily trusting the spies. [A] His knowledge of Iraq’s chemical and

biological weapons programmes sounded true. [B] He was good at providing information that catered to the demand of western governments.

[D] Alec Leams is more intelligent than

Curveball.

文章剖析：

这篇文章介绍了 Curveball成为间谍的内幕和。第一段以Alec Leamas的言论引出对间谍的评价；第二、三段讲述Curveball是如何成为间谍的；第四段讲述Curveball的故事为美国重要报告所引用；第五段讲述Curveball的；第六段分析了Curveball成功行骗的原因。

词汇注释：

spook n. 鬼，幽灵 dingy adj. 暗黑的，邋遢的 snarl v. 咆哮着说，怒骂 squalid adj. 下流的，卑鄙的 pansy n. 女性化的男子 sadist n. 虐待狂者

asylum n. 避难所 fob off （用借口）把……对付掉 drone n. lambast v. 严责

难句突破:

(1) He asked for political asylum and knew that he would greatly improve his chances of getting it if he could make himself interesting to the intelligence services. [主体句式] He asked for…and knew that…

[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，后面分句结构较复杂。在该分句的宾语从句是一个带有条件状语从句的句子。

[句子译文] 他申请了政治庇护，而且他明白如果让情报机构对自己感兴趣的话，那么就可以增加申请成功的几率。

(2) Information taken from his testimony cropped up in the National Intelligence Estimate of October 2002 (which maintained with “high confidence” that Iraq had chemical and biological weapons); in George Bush's state-of-the-union message in January 2003 (which included a reference to “mobile weapons labs designed to produce germ-warfare agents”); and in Colin Powell's presentation to the UN the following month (which featured computer-generated images of those mobile weapons labs, based on descriptions and drawings by Curveball). [主体句式] Information cropped up in…;in…; and in…

[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，状语是由三个并列的介词短语组成的；每个介词短语后面括号中是对前面名词的修饰；最后一个介词短语括号中，based on…过去分词短语是用来修饰前面的images。

[句子译文] 他证词中的信息出现在2002年10月国家情报评估中（该评估将伊拉克拥有化学和生物武器定为“高级机密”）；也出现在George Bush 2003年1月的国情咨文中（该国情咨文提到了“旨在培养细菌战药剂的活动武器实验室”）；还出现在次月Colin Powell 向联合国

nutcase n. 疯子

的陈词中（该陈词用电脑中的活动武器实验室的图像，这些都是基于Curveball的描述和绘画而制作出来的。） 题目分析：

1. The hero (heroes) of the book “Curveball” is (are)_____ [A] Alec Leamas who severely criticizes the profession of spy. [B] a squalid procession of spies. [C] an Iraqi chemical engineer named Curveball. [D] the spies that work for CIA ahead of the Iraqi war. [答案] B

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。虽然文章整篇都在谈论Curveball，再加上书的名字，很容易让人以为该书的主人公是Curveball，但是文章第二段提到该书介绍了一群这样的间谍，只不过其中最主要的人物是Curveball而已。因此，答案为B选项。

2. Curveball successfully got political asylum in 2. Curveball在德国成功地得到了政治庇护是Germany because_____ 因为_____ [A] He was wanted by Americans. [B] He was the principal of Iraq’s bio-chemical engineering project. [C] He boasted of his adequate knowledge of Iraq’s information with full confidence. [D] He succeeded in making the Germans believe that he was a reliable and useful informer. [答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。文章第二段提到，Curveball明白如果他能引起德方情报机构兴趣的话，他就能增加申请政治庇护的可能，最终他也成功了。文章第三段就提到他讲述了许多伊拉克的军事机密，让大家认为他很重要，但文章下面提到这些机密都是他捏造的。因此，他能成功得到庇护的原因就是让德国相信他有价值。选项中D最为符合题意。

3. Curveball’s reliability was not suspected despite 3. 尽管一些专家表示过怀疑，但是some experts’ doubt because_____ Curveball的可靠性最终并没有受到怀疑是[A] 美国人想要得到他。 [B] 他是伊拉克生物化学工程项目的一名主管。 [C] 他满怀信心地吹嘘自己对于伊拉克高级机密信息的充分了解。 [D] 他成功地让德国人相信他是一名可靠且有用的告密者。 “Curveball”的主人公是_____ [A] 严厉斥责间谍行业的Alec Leamas。 [B] 一群卑鄙的间谍。 [C] 一个名叫Curveball的伊拉克化学工程师。 [D] Bob Drogin。 因为_____ [A] His knowledge of Iraq’s chemical and biological weapons programmes sounded true. [B] He was good at providing information that catered to the demand of western governments. [C] His story has been used in many important government reports. [D] American intelligence neglected their duty. [答案]B [难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 推理题。第五段提到，Curveball的本领就是人们想要听到什么他就告诉什么，人们总是容易轻信自己潜意识中觉得可能的事情，他就是抓住了人们的这个特点进行欺骗的。所以虽然有一些专家表示怀疑，最终没有人去调查。因此，选项中B最为符合题意义。 4. The word “dots” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means _____ [A] points. [B] marks. [C] falsities. [D] evidences. [答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 猜词题。该词所在的原文为“What makes the Curveball case so dreadful, he reckons, is that this time they simply invented the dots”，从上下文可以分析得出Curveball提供的信息大部分都是纯粹的谎言，答案中C选项比较符合题意。该句的中文译文是“他承认使得Curveball事件这么可怕是因为这次他们自己捏造了这些疑点”。 5. By mentioning old Alec Leamas’ muttering “Told 5. 作者提到老Alec Leamas嘟囔着说“告诉you so”, the author implies that_____ 你吧”，他暗示_____ [A] spies are good story teller. [B] fact is often confused with fiction. [C] people are easily trusting the spies. [D] Alec Leamas is more intelligent than Curveball. [答案]A

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[A] 间谍们是最会编故事的人。 [B] 事实经常和编造的故事混淆。 [C] 人们总是容易轻信间谍。 [D] Alec Leamas比Curveball更加聪明。 4. “dots” (第六段第一行) 最有可能的意思为_____ [A] 要点。 [B] 记号。 [C] 谎言。 [D] 证据。 [A] 他对伊拉克化学、生物武器项目的了解听起来很真实。 [B] 他善于为西方提供它们想要看到的信息。 [C] 他的故事在许多重要的报告中都被引用。 [D] 美国情报机构失职。