高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).

Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. \"In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States,\" said the lead author John Mittermeier.

And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.

This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the world's biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation.

Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, \"I think there's a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature.\"

Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, \"By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.\" （1）What have researchers found about species searches? A.They strengthen ties among people. B.They affect the animal movements. C.They differ in language backgrounds. D.They reflect animal migration seasons.

（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? A.To summarize the research process. B.To further support the research findings. C.To show the variety of species searches. D.To present researchers' heavy work load.

（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results? A.Satisfied with Wikipedia's service. B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.

C.Amazed at people's care about nature. D.Sad about people's not getting close to nature.

（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? A.It helps to aim at conservation targets. B.It increases interest in big data approaches. C.It keeps track of trends in biologists' work. D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。故选C。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.

A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of

one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.

The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad.

Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return. （1）What does \"me\" refer to in the passage?

A. The flower B. The bee C. Water D. Honey （2）What is the 2nd paragraph mainly about?

A. Bees' special talent B. Bees' hard work. C. Bees' living environment. D. Bees' social behavior. （3）What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To appeal for help for honeybees. B. To talk about the history of a treasure. C. To put forward techniques for gardeners. D. To argue against the control of chemicals. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应该保护蜜蜂。

（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely\"可知，当你在想如何避免蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完全专注于其他的东西——蜜，由此可知me指的就是蜜，故选D。

（2）考查主旨大意。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂虽然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一生辛勤采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的辛勤工作，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return.\"可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们帮助为人类辛勤采蜜的蜜蜂，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao,

received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.

When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach. \"It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic.\" he said \"It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball.\" That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more,\" Blatchley added.

Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D'Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.

\"Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf,\" he said. \"Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant.\"

Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. \"If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,\" he said. （1）What can he inferred from the second paragraph? A. The whale was starved to death. B. Blatchley was shocked at what he found. C. The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball. D. Blatchley didn't make preparations for the necropsy.

（2）What will be shown in the D'Bone Collector Museum?

A. Waste collected from the ocean. B. The whole system of the whale. C. Things found in the whale's body. D. Many different tools of whaling. （3）What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines?

A. Uncommon. B. Worrying. C. Inspiring. D. Mild. （4）What is the best title for the text?

A. A Whale Found Dead of Plastic B. Stand Up for Protecting Whales C. Plastic Threatening Our Existence D. Natural Death or Merciless Murder 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展

出，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook, the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest. It could be hard to find hope there. It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. But activist citizens, who collaborated with industry, government, and environment groups never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo'S biggest attractions.

By the 1960s, the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer, and any fish caught there were not eatable.

The waterway's fate started shifting in the mid-1960s. Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day, but by evening he was the kind of guy who'd chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation's \"Water Conservationist of the Year\" award. And before long he got a nickname:\" Mr. Buffalo River. \"But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.

Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece. She picks up where he left off by directing the river's protector organization, Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper. Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989, after organizing the first river cleanup that year. Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River's $100 million restoration.

So far, the Buffalo River's water quality has restored, but it is still an ongoing issue, as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well; fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it's gone. （1）What did the Buffalo River use to be?

A. A waterway on the yearbook. B. A river heavily polluted. C. A great attraction of Buffalo's. D. A place worth fighting for. （2）Why was Mr.Spisiak named \"Mr. Buffalo River\"? A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s. B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River.

C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river. D. Because the river was declared biologically dead. （3）How long did it take for the river to restore?

A. More than half a century. B. Just four decades. C. About 30 years. D. Only 27 years. （4）What can be a suitable title for this text?

A. The restoration of the Buffalo River B. Stanley Spisiak: The \"Mr.Buffalo River\" C. The future of the Buffalo River D. River protection: A long way to go 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for.“；第二段中的”By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable.“可知，the Buffalo River过去是一条被严重污染的河。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy who'd chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation's \"Water Conservationist of the Year\"award. And before long he got a nickname: ‘Mr. Buffalo River.’\"可知，Mr. Spisiak被称为“Mr.Buffalo River”是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“It took decades for public perception of the river to shift.”公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间；第二段中的“By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes.”到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。；以及最后一段中的“So far，the Buffalo River's water quality has restored，”到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复”可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段和第二段说明了the Buffalo River严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“So far，the Buffalo River's water quality has restored，but it is still an ongoing issue，as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well；fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it's gone.”是其现状。综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Some years ago, Michel-Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.

The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously. \"We never thought that this could be something that could kill,\" recalls (回忆) Andre, who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona.

Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.

It was not an easy task. Sound waves don't travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (盐度) and, flow of water have great effects on their path.

What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely to meet animals. It's also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.

As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN's International Maritime Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be observed.

\"The ocean is not our world,\" comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.

（1）What does the underlined word \"desensitised\" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Stubborn. B. Flexible. C. Dull. D. Friendly. （2）What's one way to solve the problem according to the text? A. To lower the speed of ships. B. To reduce the number of ships.

C. To set up preserves under the sea. D. To give the injured animals timely treatment. （3）What is the author's attitude towards what Michel Andre has done? A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Positive. D. Uncaring. （4）What is the text mainly about?

A. A great expert. B. Noise in the sea.

C. Animals in the sea. D. Sea exploration technology. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously“可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪

音比较“迟钝”。故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”It's also possible to slow ships down to 18 km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.“也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.“由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。可知，作者对Michel Andre所做的工作十分认可。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

E-Sports, short for electronic sports, is one of the growing industries in the world, with prizes totaling around $25 million up for grabs in some tournaments. E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports. The competition models itself after traditional professional sports in several ways: it uses corresponding tournament formats, involves player contracts, and is governed by regulations. The athletes who compete in e-Sports competitions are gamers．

The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972 when some Stanford University students competed in the Intergalactic Space War Olympics for the opportunity to win a one-year subscription to the Rolling Stone Magazine. E-Sports pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s when competitions like the Space Invaders Championship shot them to the spotlight. 2002 marked the beginning of a new era for the sport and laid the foundation for what e-Sports would become thanks to the release of the Xbox live, which brought online play to consoles. Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.

Today, e-Sports are growing at a rapid pace thanks to advance in technology and the arrival of streaming services like Twitch which have exposed video game competitions to a new audience due to their extensive reach.

To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016. Interestingly, this coincides (一致) with Amazon's acquisition of Twitch in 2014 and its effort to make the competition a spectator sport. （1）What do we know about e-Sports?

A. They are strongly competitive. B. They spread worldwide overnight. C. They totally differ from traditional ones. D. The athletes in the sports are programmers. （2）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. The origin of e-Sports. B. The variety of e-Sports. C. The advantages of e-Sports. D. The development of e-Sports. （3）How does the author feel about e-Sport's future?

A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Hopeful. D. Worried. （4）What is the purpose of quoting data in the last paragraph? A. To introduce Newzoo. B. To conduct a research.

C. To show the influence of Twitch. D. To arouse the audience's interest. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了什么是电子竞技以及它的发展。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports.\"可知,电子竞技是一种专业的多人视频游戏竞赛,任何具有强烈竞争元素的电子游戏都被认为是电子竞技,也就是说电子竞技具有很强的竞争性,故选A。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的\"The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972\pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s\new era for the sport\"及\"Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.\"等细节可知,本段以时间为顺序介绍了电子竞技的发展,故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如今,由于技术的进步和像Twitch这样的流媒体服务的到来,电子竞技正在快速发展,由于Twitch的覆盖面广,它已经将电子游戏竞赛展示给了新的观众,特别是\"growing at a rapid pace\"表明了作者对电子竞技的未来充满希望,故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016.\"可知,为了了解Twitch产生了多大的影响,游戏分析机构Newzoo的数据显示,从2014年到2016年,全球电子竞技的观众数量增长了43%,从2.04亿增加到2.92亿,由此可知最后一段引用的数据就是为了表明Twitch产生的影响,故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Compared with solar and wind energy, which are booming, tidal (潮汐的) power is a loser in the clean - energy competition. But if you did want to build a tidal power station, there are few better sites than the mouth of the River Severn, in Britain. Its tidal range, the difference in depth between high and low tides, of around 15 metres is among the largest in the world.

Engineers and governments have been toying with the idea since at least 1925. But none of the suggested projects has materialised. Price is one objection. A study thought that tidal energy might cost between ￡216 and ￡368 ($306 - 521) per MWh of electricity by 2025, compared with ￡58 - 75 for seagoing wind turbines (轮机) and ￡55 - 76 for solar panels. Environmentalists also worry that any plant would change the tides, making life harder for wildlife.

An engineer called Rod Rainey thinks he has a way around both problems. He plans to replace the conventional turbines of previous plans with a much older technology. Specifically, he plans to span (横跨) the river mouth with a line of water wheels. This is a design that dates back to the early days of the Industrial Revolution. Examples can be found fixed to the sides of old watermills (水磨).

But there would be nothing old - fashioned about Mr Rainey's wheels. Thirty metres high and sixty wide, they would be made from ordinary steel. Two hundred and fifty of them, along with the supporting structures, would be floated into place and secured to the seabed, creating a line 15km long. Together, they could supply power at an avenge ate of 4GW. That is about as much as two biggish nuclear power stations would manage. Substituting one of the wheels with a set of locks would provide a shipping channel about twice the width of Panama Canal, permitting upstream ports such as Avonmouth and Cardiff to continue operating. （1）What is special about the mouth of the River Seven? A. The tidal range there is about 15 meters. B. It has the largest tidal range in the world. C. The tidal power station has been built there. D. Its power plant makes life harder for wildlife.

（2）What was people's initial attitude towards tidal power? A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Controversial. D.Doubtful.

（3）What are the locks used for? A.Support. B.Transportation. C.Securing wheels. D.Producing electricity.

（4）What's the best tittle for the text? A.Rainey invented turbines. B.Rainey's tidal power station. C.Tidal power in the River Seven. D.An old idea might be made practical. 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，潮汐能发电站虽然计划已久,但由于科学家的担心,很长时间以来都没有得以实现。而名叫Rod Rainey的工程师最近想到了解决问题的办法,虽然用的是过去的科技,但在轮上做了很大改进,这样在保证海洋生物和环境安全的同时也可大量发电。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"Its tidal range, the difference in depth between high and low tides, of around 15 metres is among the largest in the world.\"它的潮汐差,即最低和最高潮汐的深度差,是大约15米,位居世界首位。可知,the mouth of the River Severn最大的特点就是潮汐差很大。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的\"Engineers and governments have been toying with the idea since at least 1925.\"和最后一段中的\"Environmentalists also worry that any plant would change the tides, making life harder for wildlife.\"可知,工程师对潮汐电站的想法漫不经心,环境主义者担心它会给海洋生物带来危险,所以最初人们对潮汐发电站都是不支持的。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"a set of locks would provide a shipping channel about twice the width of Panama Canal, permitting upstream ports such as Avonmouth and Cardiff to continue operating.\"可知,locks的主要作用是提供一条比巴拿马运河宽一倍的水上运输渠道,保证上游的港口能够正常运行。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知,文章主要讲Rod Rainey用古老的方法代替传统的轮机进行潮汐发电,打破River Severn不适宜潮汐发电的旧思想。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.

A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that's 15.4 degrees off to the observer's right-well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, \"She's not looking at you.\" This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person's gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the \"Mona Lisa effect\" . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

This is important for human interaction with on-screen characters. If you want someone off to the right side of a room to feel that a person on-screen is looking at him or her, you don't cut the gaze of the character to that side-surprisingly, doing so would make an observer feel like the character isn't looking at anyone in the room at all. Instead, you keep the gaze straight ahead. Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the \"Mona Lisa\" and realized she wasn't looking at him.

To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the \"Mona Lisa\" on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected Mona Lisa's gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the \"Mona Lisa\" portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right. So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't sure. It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term \"Mona Lisa effect\" just thought it was a cool name.

（1）It is generally believed that the woman in the painting \"Mona Lisa\" . A. attracts the viewers to look back B. seems mysterious because of her eyes C. fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers D. looks at the viewers wherever they stand （2）What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?

A. B. C. D.

（3）The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to . A. confirm Horstmann's belief B. create artificial-intelligence avatars C. calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze D. explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied （4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Horstmann thinks it's cool to coin the term \"Mona Lisa effect\". B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence. C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention. D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgement. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，众所周知列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们。一项新研究发现这一常识是错误的，研究发现人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.”众所周知，列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作中的女人，无论站在房间的哪个角落，似乎都会回头看着观察者，用她的眼睛跟随他们。可知人们普遍认为，《蒙娜丽莎》中的女人无论站在哪里都会看着观众。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As long as the angle of the person's gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.”只要这个人的凝视角度不超过5度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。可知只要凝视角度不超过5度左右，就会出现蒙娜丽莎效应。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the \"Mona Lisa\" on a computer screen.”为了确保不仅仅是他，研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上观看\"蒙娜丽莎\" 的 图像。可知研究人员对24人进行了实验是为了证实霍斯特曼的观点。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them.”他说，人们有被注视的欲望是可能的，所以他们认为女人在直视他们。可推知人们有被蒙娜丽莎凝视的感觉可能是因为人们渴望被关注。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives.

Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation.

When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients (材料) to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants; try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening; try using less energy to drive devices; avoid using plastics in any form while gardening; reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.

In today's busy life we don't get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticide-free (无农药的) and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you're not sure how? Click here: http://www.gardenhowto.com.

（1）What does the underlined word \"channelize\" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Cause B. Transform C. Direct D. Associate （2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure? A. Using advanced electrical machines. B. Avoiding fertilizers.

C. Watering plants with collected rainwater D. Clearing away the leaves.

（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening? A. It requires little water. B. It needs no fertilizer. C. It breaks up plastics. D. It doesn't waste any resource.

（4）Where is the passage probably taken from?

A. A newspaper. B. The Internet. C. A guidebook. D. A science report. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍为了保护地球，我们需要发展可持续性事业，本文重点介绍怎样合理利用资源发展园艺，不浪费资源，不产生对环境有害的物质。 （1）考查词义猜测。本句中channelize来源于channel渠道，频道，根据已有的意思于选项相结合可知，channelize为指导，导向的意思，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存储的雨水来浇灌植物，是属于可持续发展的措施，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用这样的方法，可以合理利用资源，不浪费资源，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Click here: http://www. gardenhowto. com.”可知，本文来源于网站，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．Read the following passage. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood? African elephants

These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female-dominated groups ---- and ladies stay there ---- but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups. Orangutans (猩猩)

Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages ---- times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does. Orcas(逆戟鲸)

Killer whales join their mother's familial group for life. This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup's chance of survival; if mom dies a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older. Harp seals

A harp seal's \"childhood\" lasts just 12 days. A pup's sole purpose during that brief period of coddling(宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber(鲸脂) every day. Once it's fat ---- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds ---- it slides off the ice and takes on the sea. Wolf spiders

Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.

（1）According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young?

A. Harp seals. B. African elephants C. Orcas. D. Wolf spiders.

（2）What can we learn from the sentence \"But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days\"? A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies. B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride. C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time. D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents. （3）Who will be interested in this passage? A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth. B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.

C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors' safety. D. A doctor who specializes in animals' health. 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了五种动物成长的特点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup's chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive.”可知，持久的关系能够增加小逆戟鲸的存活率，如果母逆戟鲸死了的话，小逆戟鲸的死亡风险会增加三倍，故可知，逆戟鲸的责任最大，故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.”可知，母狼蛛只需要背负这些小狼蛛几天时间，故可以得出小狼蛛成年只需要很短的时间，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。本文介绍了五种动物成长的特点，故可知，对动物成长感兴趣的人对本文感兴趣，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。