代词y

代词

是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。

主格 宾格 形容 词性 名词性 反身代词 指示代词 相互代词 不定代词 宾格 所有格 可数 不可数 可数不可数 复合 不定代词 疑问代词 连接代词 关系代词 1.人称代词

①在句中作主语用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格； She teaches them physics. ②在句中作表语常用宾格； Who is it? It’s me.

但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。 ③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是：

单数按2，3，1人称排列，复数按1，2，3人称顺序排列。 you, she and I ; we, you and they 2.物主代词

①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 We love our motherland.

②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语

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单数 第一 人称 I me my mine myself 第二 人称 you you your yours yourself 第三 人称 he she it him her it his her its his hers its 第一 人称 we us our ours 复数 第二 人称 you You your yours 第三 人称 they them their theirs themselves 人称代词 物主代词 himself ourselves yourselves herself itself each other one another each other’s one another’s this that such these those such one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither much, (a) little any other all some anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing who whom whose which what who whom whose which what（参见第九讲） who whom whose which that（参见第十一讲）

Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词

①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语 He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语）

She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。（表语） I myself can repair the bike.（主语的同位语） ②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳

by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿

devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气 4.指示代词

①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指 I don’t want this book. I want that one.

②有时为了避免重复，常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词 At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.

③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this；但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。

Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.

健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth; that=health) They cant afford it. That/this is their problem.

What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. ④such的用法

such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。 Such is my answer.

Such are the results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.

用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。 5.相互代词

①在句中可作宾语

They help each other and learn from each other. ②加’s后成为所有格,作定语

They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代词

不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。 不定代词 区 别 例 句 第 2页 共 6页

①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. one可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones。 A.one B.ones C.it D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 you like ________? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别： one, some， any和it ①it =the /this/ my…+单数名词 one =a/an+单数名词 ②it代替特定的单数名词 one代替不特定的单数名词 ③one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指，one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。 此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。 ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much each强调个别，代表的数可以是each和every 两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. ①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. C.it D.those —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico. Would 第 3页 共 6页

①— Which of the two books will you take? — I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. both指两个人或物,而all指三个all和both 以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语，宾语,表语,同位语和定语 A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 注意：both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中，不管否定词在前还是在后，都是部分否定：All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他们并不都喜欢音乐。 要表示完全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。 Neither of them doesn’t like music.他们俩都不喜欢音乐。 None of them don’t like the music.他们都不喜欢音乐。 no等于not any，作定语。nonenone和no 作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可。 other泛指“另外的，别的”常与 其他词连用，④the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一other和another another指“又一个，另一个”， 复数形式是others，泛指“别的 人或事”。 个，复数为the others。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A. another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month. A. the other B. some C. another D. other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. ①—Do you want tea or coffee? —______,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each either和neither 前者意思为：两者中任何一方都； 后者意思为：两者都不。 第 4页 共 6页

few 和little 表示没有多少,含否 定意义,而a few 和a little表示一 few和little; a few和a little 些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few 与a few修饰可数名词, little与 a little 修饰不可数名词。 此外quite a few , quite a little意 思是“不少,相当多的”。 7.it的用法

①用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。 This bike is not mine. It’s Peter’s. ②用以代替提示代词this, that

—What is this? —It’s a pen. —Whose book is that? —It’s Mike’s. ③起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物

—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me.

—Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children. ④指环境情况等。

It was very quiet at the moment. ⑤指时间，季节，天气，气候等

—What time is it? —It is eight o’clock. It often rains in summer. ⑥指距离

It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It is a long way to the factory. ⑦作形式主语和形式宾语

当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late. It is no use crying over split milk. It is a pity that you didn’t read the book..

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前

I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English.

He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.

注意：see to it that…（务必）和take it for granted that…（想当然）句型中的it，以及词组make it（做

事成功，搞定）中的it。

①The old man knows a little English. ②Few of them can speak Russian. 第 5页 共 6页

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