简述各种从句中的引导词

简述各种从句中的引导词

一．名词性从句是指在句中充当名词能充当的成分(如主语，宾语，表语,同位语）的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

连词（5个)：that （宾语从句或表语从句中”that\"有时可以省略)

whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)

as if ，as though (均表示“好像\"，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词（9个）：what， whatever, who， whoever, whom， whomever， whose, which， whichever

连接副词（7个）:when, where, how, why, whenever， wherever， however

A．宾语从句中的引导词

1. 从属连词,包括that、 if、whether、as if和as though,都不在从句中从当

任何成分。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，通常可省略。if和whether，whether.。。or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。

如:He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam。

2.关联代词who,whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，

whosever,whatever，whichever等。

如：Do you know who has won Red Alert game？

The book will show you what the best CEO should know。

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone？

3.连接副词主要有when,where,why,how，whenever,wherever,however等.

如：He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

B．主语从句中的引导词

1） 从属连词that，whether,if等；

其中that一般见于形式主语后面的从句中,通常可省略。

如：It’s a great pity（that)they didn't get married.

2） 连接代词what，who,which，whatever，whoever，whom 等；

其中which需要特别注意,所有的名词性从句中，只有主语从句在表示选择的时候，用到它。

如:which he will choose remains unknown。

3） 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。

C．表语从句的引导词大致和主语从句一样

D．同位语从句通常由that引导。

如：The news that our team won the match is exciting.

二． 定语从句是在句中充当定语的从句，其引导词包括两类：关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：that which who whom whose以及as。其中that which who在从句中 充当主语或者宾语，whom只能充当宾语,whose只能充当定语,as仅用于非限定性定语从句中.

如:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan

关系副词：在句中作状语.关系副词=介词+关系代词

Why=for which

Where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配）

When=during/ on/ in/……

三．状语从句是在句中充当状语的从句。

1.时间状语从句：when, as， while, as soon as， before， after， since , till， until

2.地点状语从句:常用引导词:where，特殊引导词：wherever， anywhere， everywhere

如:Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible。

3。原因状语从句

常用引导词:because， since， as, for

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that， in that, considering that， given that.

如：Now that everybody has come， let’s begin our conference.

4． 目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that， in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case， for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

如:The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

5． 结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that， such … that，

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that， to the extent that， to such a degree that，

如:He got up so early that he caught the first bus。

6． 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless，

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if， providing/provided that， supposing

that， in case that， on condition that

如：You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying。

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here。

7． 让步状语从句

常用引导词：though， although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever， whoever, wherever， whenever， however, whichever

如：Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal。

8． 比较状语从句

常用引导词：as（同级比较)， than（不同程度的比较）

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…； A to B is what/as X is to Y; no … more than； not so much A as B

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food to men is what oil is to machine.

9． 方式状语从句

常用引导词：as， as if， how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do。

She behaved as if she were the boss。

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us。