英语学科教育学九大理论

英语学科教育学九大理论（The nine theories of English subject educology）

1、 Brunner ‘s discovery learning theory

Character: students interact with environment by exploring manipulating objects and wresting questions and controversies or performing experience.

Advantages: 1. Encourage active engagement

2. Promote motivation

3. Promote autonomy responsibility independence

4. Promote creativity and problem solving skills

Disadvantages: waste a lot of time and do it uneasy, maybe the students learn knowledge not the teacher requirement

2、 Chomsky’s social constructivist theory and zone of proximal development

Zone of proximal is distance between potential developmental level and actual developmental level of solving problems. Character: need help---independent solving

3、 Skinner’s verbal behavior

Character: language acquisition is the process of habitat formation and set of habitat

US---UR(unconditional stimulus--- unconditional response)

CS---CR US+NS---UR (neutral)

Chomsky against it because he think it is lack of evidence.

Disadvantages: the theory overlook the speaker internal factors in the process

Contrastive analysis hypothesis: target language and mother tongue

Disadvantage： not all language errors can be predicated

4、 Piaget’s view of language acquisition

1. The Sensory-motor stage from ages 0-2 (understanding environment)

2. The Preoperational stage from ages 2-7（understanding symbols）

3. The concrete operational stage from 7-11 (mental tasks and language use)

4. The formal operational stage from 11 onwards(dealing with abstractions)

5、 Cognitive language acquisition view

1. Ausubel’ s meaningful learning theory

Meaningful learning instead of rote learning, students must relate new knowledge(concepts and propositions)to what they already know.

2. Cognitive theory

Cognitive psychologists see second language acquisition as constructing process of knowledge systems that can eventually the called automatically for speaking and understanding.

6、 The discourse theory(result from language use)

Communication competence includes:

1. the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary

2. the knowledge of rules of speaking

3. the knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts and social conventions

4. the knowledge of how to use language appropriately

7、 The speech act theory

Character: actions (say something is the way of doing something)

Propositional meaning and Illocutionary meaning

Locutionary act: say something with a certain meaning in traditional sense……

Illocutionary act: convincing persuading deterring……

1. Assertives 2.directives 3.commissives 4.expressives 5.declaratives

8、 The universal grammar

Positive evidence and Negative evidence

Direct access: language acquisition devices

Indirect access

Partial access

No access

Disadvantages: 1. UG proponents have to deal with acquisition to account for the language itself 2. Chomsky only learned the core language not learn peripheral grammar

2. communication is discarded 4. Methodological

9、 The monitor model hypothesis

1. The acquisition-learning theory(acquisition is subconscious and learning is conscious)

2. The natural order hypothesis

3. The input hypothesis(The understanding input; The relevant input; no grammatically sequenced)

4. The monitor hypothesis(1.there must be enough time 2. Focus is on forms not meaning 3. The learner must know the rule)

5. The affective filter hypothesis