新人教版高中英语新高一补差英语句子概论及演练

判断下列各题何者是句子，何者不是句子。 1．The teacher in the classroom.

2．Sang many songs and danced happily. 3．She helps on the farm.

4．Many people living in the country. 5．All the books on the desk over there

谓语部分 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 英语的句子在结构上可以归纳为五个基本句型 主种句型 类 . 第S + V 一种 e (不及物) Wwork . S词V. P. 语O. 足语OC. 语 谓语动表语宾宾语补谓语部分 主语部分 Flowers Flowers Many beautiful flowers I Betty, your younger sister, Some students in my class You (You) 谓语动词 宾语/ 状语/ 补语 in the gardens. in the gardens in spring. to school by bicycle. every day. very pretty. English very well. these sentences? Lesson Two, Mary. bloom. bloom. bloom. go looks speak Do... understand Read 第S + V + O 二种 第S + V + P 三种 S+V+Ino(间第四种 接宾语) + Do (直接宾语) 第S+V+O+OC 五种 e he e e Hplays (及物) the piano. stud ents. Ware (系动词) Sgave (及物) me a pen. Hmade (及物) the laugh. boy 句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。

一、句子的类型

1．句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句

简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如： He likes swimming and often swims in the river. 并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句

（常见的并列连词有and，but，or）

例如： I learn English and he learns French. 复合句：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句

例如：It was raining hard when I got home yesterday. If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.

2．句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句

陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来出问题；祈使句用来发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。

在正确的位置给下列句子加上正确的标点符号并判断句子种类。 1．Always begin your sentences with a capital letter 2．Do you speak English in your English class 3．Hi Tom Where are you going

4．The boys and girls in the classroom are reading 5．We read and write about many things every day 6．Take this pencil to your mother, Tom 7．How many months are there in a year 8．How well she plays

9．What a big apple I've never seen so big an apple before 10．Helen listens to her teacher very carefully in the class

二、句子的成分

句子一般可以分为几个部分，每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能，称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。

1．主语是一个句子的中心，主语的位置一般在句首。 2．谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。

3．表语位置在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。 4．宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。 5．补语补充说明宾语或主语的特征或状态. 6．定语修饰名词、代词

7．状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句。 三、简单句的五种句型

1．主语 + 谓语 (不及物动词)

Birds fly. There stands a tower on the hill. They were sleeping at that time.

只能当不及物动词的词

sleep 睡觉 walk 步行 swim 游泳 laugh 笑

happen /take place发生 go去 come来 work 工作 stayarrive 到达

2. 主语 + 谓语 (及物动词) + 宾语

He can drive a car．他会驾驶汽车。 He has bought a house. 他买了一所新房子。 I'll be seeing you．（与朋友等分手时说的）再见。

You may have heard the news．你也许已经听到这个消息。 They have put men on the moon．他们把人送上月球。 I am going to take him home．我打算带他回家。 3. 主语＋连系动词＋表语

My daughter became a college student．我女儿成了大学生。 The car is expensive．这辆车价钱贵。

His books are on that shelf．他的书在那个书架上。 She looks fine．她穿着漂亮好看。

I shall be away three weeks．我将外出 3周。 4. 主语＋ 谓语 ＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

呆在…… I have sent him some money．我已寄给他一些钱。

She told me the news about Paul．他告诉我有关保罗的消息。 They brought me a lot of books．他们带给我许多书。 He must get her something to eat．他必须弄点东西给她吃。 You have done me a favour．你帮了我一个忙。 Susan taught us English．苏珊教我们英语。 注意 辨别正误:

（×）I sent him it. （√）I sent it to him. 我把它送给他。 5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语

People called him a coward．人们管他叫懦夫。

The directors elected John manager of the bank．董事们选举约翰为银行经理。 The jury found him guilty．陪审团裁定他有罪。 We considered him very capable．我们认为他能干。

He pronounced himself in favour of the plan．他表示赞成这个计划。

I saw him lying on the ground.我看见他正躺在地上。 第4种句型和第5种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较 （1） He gave me a book.（双宾语）他给我一本书。 （2） He calls me Tom.（复合宾语）他叫我汤姆。 例（2）中的宾语me（我），和宾语补足语Tom（汤姆），可以成为逻辑上的主谓关系，即“我是汤姆”。但例（1）则不可以，不能想象为“我是一本书”，所以双宾语没有逻辑上的主谓关系。凭这一点，我们就可以很容易的区分开它们了。

再如： She made the boy laugh.

请判断下列各句各属于哪一个基本句型。 1．Do you know her younger sister? 2．I got home after dark yesterday.

3．Bill always does very well at school. 4．What pet do you keep?

5．There were some students reading in the classroom then. 6．Amy always helps her mother after school. 7．Tom often makes his teacher angry. 8．Did you see anyone go into that house? 9．Helen looks very happy today.

10．I was born in a little town in the south of Taiwan.

下面是一则谈Pets的对话，请判断加线部分的句子是属于第几基本句型。

John： I have a dog.①His name is Blackie.②My uncle gave it to me last summer. Mary：③Can he do any tricks, John?

John：④No, He doesn't know any real tricks. ⑤He just likes to be with me and my friends.

Ken：⑥I have a pet rabbit. ⑦ Dad bought it for me only last week. ⑧ We named it snowball.

Sue：⑨I kept a rabbit when I was five years old. ⑩ We lived in the country then. Now I have a cat.