高二英语形容词与副词知识精讲

【本讲主要内容】

形容词与副词

1. 形容词与副词的位置和作用。

2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的句型和用法。

【知识总结归纳】

（一）形容词的位置和用法：

1. 形容词修饰名词在句中：放在名词前面做名词的定语；放在系动词后面作表语；放在宾语后面做宾语补足语。

例句：

（1）My mother is a kind and hard-working woman.

（2）Is there anything important in today’s newspaper ?

（3）The workers wanted to make it clear to the public that they were doing an important job.

2. well ; ill ; 以及某些以a为词首的形容词，如：afraid ; alike ; alone ; asleep ; awake等词只能做表语。

例句：

He was so tired and sleepy that he fell asleep as soon as he lay on the bed. 3. 以ly为后缀的某些词是形容词而不是副词；如：friendly ; lively ; lovely ; likely ; deadly ; silly等。

4. 多个形容词修饰名词时，一般按以下顺序排列：

限定词（the, a ）+描绘性形容词+size（大小）+shape（形状）+age（年龄；时间）+color（颜色）+origin（国籍；来源）+material（材料）+purpose（目的）+名词

例：

my small brown leather bag

those large round black wooden tables the little pink plastic ball a large diplomatic reception 5. 常见的形容词的构词：

（1）以-ful ; -sive ; -tive ; -ish ; -less ; -able等为后缀的形容词：

例：careful ; useful ; expensive ; creative ; effective ; homeless ; harmless ; foolish ; childish ; acceptable ; remarkable ; responsible

（2）由两个单词构成的复合形容词： 形容词+形容词：red-hot ; dark-blue

形容词+动词ing形式/ed形式：good-looking ; ordinary-looking ; new-born ;

man-made ;

hard-working

形容词+名词：first-class ; second-hand ; warm-hearted

名词+动词ing / ed形式： peace-loving ; mouth-watering ; snow-covered 数词+名词ed：a four-storeyed building ; a three-legged chair 数词+名词：a ten-year-old boy ; a two-week holiday

（二）副词的位置和用法： 1. 位置：副词修饰动词时一般位于动词或动词短语之后。修饰形容词时位于形容词之前。 例句：

He is driving carefully along the highway. You are absolutely right.

2. 副词in ; out ; on ; back ; down ; off ; away ; here ; there位于句首时，后面的句子用倒装语序。

例句：

Here comes the bus.

3 修饰形容词或副词比较级的常用副词有：many, a few （many more/ a few more）; much ; a lot ; a little ; a bit ; far;

例句：

（1）It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. （2）This morning he got up even earlier than yesterday.

4. 修饰最高级的副词：the very ; by far ; the first ; the second 例句：

（1）Gold is the very most valuable of all materials. （2）Hainan is China’s second largest island.

（三）形容词与副词的比较级句型： 1. 表示A超过了B

A+谓语+形容词/副词的比较级+than + B 例句：

（1）The weather here is better than that in my hometown. （2）He speaks English better than I.

（3）Mr. Bader likes his dog better than his wife does. （4）You look somewhat paler than usual. 2. 表示A不如B

A+ be /助动词not+ 形容词/副词的比较级+ than +B A+谓语+less+多音节形容词/副词的原形+than +B

A+ be/助动词not + so/as + 形容词/副词的原形+ as +B 例句：

（1）Mrs. Brown isn’t so old as she looks. （2）He is not as suitable for the job as I am. （3）He didn’t arrive earlier than expected. （4）This book is less expensive than that one. （5）We are no stupider than others. 3. 表示A和B 是同等的。

A+谓语as + 形容词/副词的原形+as+B 例句：

（1）It’s just as hot today as yesterday.

（2）Balloons can only travel as fast as they are pushed by the wind. 4. 表示“高/多达…”

As+ 形容词原形+as +具体的数字 例句：

（1）This car can run as fast as 150 kilometers an hour.

th

（2）The technique of printing was known to the Chinese as early as the 9 century. （3）I met her as recently as last week.

5. 表示倍数：倍数（once ; twice ; times）/分数/百分数+as….as … 比较级than 例句：

（1）Beijing is ten times as big as my hometown. （2）This tower is half as tall as that tree.

（3）The output of rice was 25 percent higher than last year’s. 6. the+ 比较级…，the+比较级越…，就越…。

7. 比较级+ than +比较级 / more and more +形容词/副词：越来越… 例：

The more, the better.

He is more and more interested in physics.

（四）形容词/副词的最高级用法：三者或三者以上当中选择一个最…的。 extreme ; excellent ; perfect等词，没有比较级，最高级形式。

例句：

Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.

【高考点拨】

在高考试题中，对于比较级的考察除了要求考生掌握有关句型以外，还要根据句中的语境来判断比较级的用法。同时注意掌握同义，近义形容词或副词的意义及其它们的差别。

【题型展示】

1. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don’t speak the language.

A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 分析：根据句子意思：住在国外很困难，尤其是不懂这国语言。especially尤其是。 答案：D

2. It is any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly 分析：本题考察副词的辨析。根据句意：几乎难以置信他的朋友不喜欢看电视。hardly：几乎不。

答案：D

3. It is generally believed that teaching is it is science. A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as

分析：本题考察在特定的语境中掌握比较级结构的能力，同级比较句型中（修饰名词）：as+ adj. + a/an + n.+ as…因此，D. as much an art as 符合语法结构。句意：一般认为教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。

答案：D

4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

分析：根据句意：Allen不得不叫出租车了，因为箱子太重了，一路上根本就提不动。much too：太…；修饰形容词或副词；too much：太多的…修饰名词。

答案：A.

5. Boris has brains. In fact , I doubt whether anyone in the class, has IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest

分析：本题考查形容词比较级在语境中的运用。前半句表明Boris有头脑，很聪明，后半句anyone in the class的比较对象是Boris，因此应用比较级。句中的应该为a, 表示“泛指”。而the higher指两个人中比较高的智商。不合题义。

答案：B

6. It was raining heavily. Mary felt cold, so she stood to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 分析：本题考查副词的语意辨析。close（adj.）接近的，关闭的；（adv.）：靠近地，仔细地；closely：（adv）：紧密地，严密地；closed（adj.）：关闭，关门，不营业；closing是close的ing 形式。没有“靠近”的意思。根据句意。

答案：A

7. —Are you satisfied with her answer ? —Not at all. It couldn’t have been .

A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst

分析：题意为“你满意她的回答吗？” “一点也不，没有比这更糟糕的答案了。” 从答语中含有否定词可以判断此题含有比较级的意义。

答案：A

【实战模拟】

1. Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given up.

A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

2. When you speak on the telephone, you will be thought of as an Englishman, for your English is perfect.

A. rather B. very C. fairly D. quite

3. Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many 4. —The disease he suffers is not easy to cure. —I know, but is he better ?

A. much B. any C. rather D. little

5. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a（n） trick. A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple 6. —If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.

—Ok, but do you have size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me. A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger 7. He is one of .

A. the greatest alive poets B. the alive greatest poets

C. the alive poets who are still alive D. the greatest poets who are

still alive

8. This is .

A. an eighty-foot high building C. a building eighty feet high

B. an eighty-feet-high building D. an eighty feet high building

试题答案

1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C