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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She's got the job because she has the advantage over others of knowing many languages. 解析 句意：她得到了那份工作，因为比起别人她的优势是她懂多门语言。have an advantage over比……有……优势，为固定搭配。
2．With foreign trade recovering, the recent labor shortage in the southeast of China has become a hot topic.
解析 句意：随着对外贸易的复苏，最近中国东南部的劳动力短缺已成为一个热点话题。with的复合结构表示“伴随”。
3．“How could you lose so much money？” Charlie asked his wife, eyeing her angrily from across the kitchen table.
解析 句意：“你怎么能丢那么多钱？”查理愤怒地从餐桌的那一边望着他的妻子问道。from across从/在……的那一边。
4．Failure hurts grown–ups and children alike，but it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.
解析 句意：失败对成年人和孩子会有同样的伤害，但一旦你学会利用它，它可以对你的生活产生积极作用。contribute/contribution常与to连用，为固定搭配。
5．We hope some adjustments to the quality of their service will be made in response to the reactions of the customers.
解析 句意：我们希望他们在服务质量方面作一些调整以应对客户的反应。make adjustments to对……作出调整。
6．—Oh, you haven't read my e–mail?
—Sorry, I haven't had any access to the computer these days. 解析 句意：——噢，你还没有读过我(发给你)的邮件吗？——对不起，这几天我没法用电脑。have access to可以到达、使用；有接触(或进入、使用)的机会(或权利)。
7．Taxes are unpopular—it is understandable that voters are against them.
解析 句意：税收是不受欢迎的——选民们反对是可以理解的。against违背；反对；对
抗。
8．The bridge connecting the two islands is under construction and is expected to be completed in October.
解析 句意：这座连接两个岛屿的桥正在建设中，预期在10月完成。“under＋表示动作的名词”相当于被动语态的进行时。
9．On a winter evening of 1987, when she was on duty, an old man over seventy was carried into the operating room because of a sudden brain hemorrhage(出血)．
解析 句意：在1987年的一个冬夜，正是她值班时，一位年过七旬的老人因突发脑出血被送进手术室。特指某天或某天的上、下午/晚上等，应用介词on。
10．Advertisements have become part of our everyday life and it's important that everyone of us educates ourselves about them to avoid being fooled by them.
解析 句意：广告已经成为我们日常生活的一部分，并且重要的是，我们每个人都要了解它们以避免被愚弄。上下文是递进关系。
11．Until now, talking giraffes have starred in cartoons, but never have they been heard making a sound in real life.
解析 句意：迄今为止，会说话的长颈鹿主演了动画片，但从未在现实生活中听到过它们的声音。上下文是转折关系。
12．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places. 解析 句意：一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另一个地方，所以植物能传播到新的地方。上下文为因果关系。
13．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in/within half an hour. 解析 句意：简非常匆忙，因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。“in/within＋一段时间”意为“在……之后”。
14．People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying for expression.
解析 句意：当人们还有很多自己的想法迫切需要表达的时候，他们是不会注意到你的。cry for意同be dying for，意为“渴望；急需”。
15．To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people
to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides.
解析 句意：为了解决这些问题，公司提出通过奖励用户下次免费骑行时间的办法鼓励人们把自行车归还至站点。by在此处意为“通过……(方式)”。
16．It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
解析 句意：卢卡斯先生尽管非常富有，但他过着简朴的生活，这真让人无法相信。despite＝in spite of，意为“尽管”。
17．Besides the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
解析 句意：除了学校，这个村子还有一家诊所，也是在政府资助下建起的。also提示此处强调的是“还有……”，besides＝in addition to。
18．The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 解析 句意：在第五届中文演讲比赛中，这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩获得了第一名。with此处意为“具有，拥有”。
19．She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road. 解析 句意：她在拐弯处开得那么快以至于车子几乎偏离了道路。off意同away from，意为“离开，偏离”。
20．—I don't think George really cares for TV plays. —Right, but/yet he still watches the program. 解析 句意：——我认为乔治不太喜欢电视剧。——是的，但他仍在看电视节目。上下文是转折关系。
21．The job is not very profitable in terms of cash, but/yet I am getting valuable experience from it.
解析 句意：这份工作收入不算高，但是我从中可以获得宝贵的经验。上下文是转折关系。
22．Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh themselves. 解析 句意：一些学生经常在课间听音乐来提神。between表示两者之间。
23．Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education that causes
misunderstanding.
解析 句意：在两代人之间，往往不是他们的年龄，而是他们的教育导致误解。本句是not...but...引导的并列句。
24．So little did I know about mathematics that the lecture was completelybeyond me. 解析 句意：我对数学知之甚少，以至于我完全听不懂这个讲座。beyond在此处意为“超过……的理解范围”。
25．We have to weigh the cost of the new system against the benefits it will bring. 解析 句意： 我们必须权衡一下启用新系统所需的成本和它将带来的效益。weigh...against将……与……进行权衡/掂量。
26．He wore a brown suit and moved precisely and energetically and I suddenly remembered that people kept telling us he was special for his age.
解析 句意：他穿着一件咖啡色西装，动作利落，充满活力。我突然想起人们曾不断地告诉我们以他的年龄而言，他非常优异。for意为“相对……而言”，往往含有异常之意。
27．Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health. 解析 句意：科学家们确信笑对身心健康有积极的影响。effect on对……的影响。 28．I would prefer a quiet evening at home to spending my time in the company of many people.
解析 句意：我宁愿在家里度过一个安静的夜晚，也不想在一大群人的陪伴中度过。in the company of在……的陪伴下。
29．Some people are always occupied with work, and therefore they cannot go traveling or enjoy sunny weather.
解析 句意：有些人总是被工作缠身，因而不能外出旅行或享受阳光明媚的天气。be occupied with忙于……。
30．Without these new machines installed in the factory, an increase in production would be impossible.
解析 句意：如果工厂没有安装这些新机器，生产增长将是不可能的。without也可以引起独立结构，可以看作是with引起的独立结构的反义短语。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To avoid the Spring Festival rush and make their journey more economical, many migrant workers will team up with others to ride a car, and car pool, to go back home.
or
解析 句意：为了避开春运高峰并使他们的行程更经济，许多农民工将与他人共开一辆车，或者拼车回家。此处前后为选择关系。
2．As a costume designer, my job is to make special clothes with the measure of all cast in
tothe film.
解析 句意：作为一名服装设计师，我的工作是为电影里的所有演员量身定制特别的衣服。to the measure of根据……的尺寸。
3．When I arrived there in a cold winter morning, I couldn't see much.
on
解析 句意：在一个寒冷冬天的早上，当我到达那里的时候，我并没有看到太多美景。在具体某一天的早上，用介词on。
4．Some international organizations denied the fact that developing and developed countries were at different stages of development and should shoulder different responsibilities.
in
解析 句意：一些国际组织否认这样一个事实：发展中国家和发达国家处于不同的发展阶段，应该承担不同的责任。句中stages意为“阶段”，意同period，“在……阶段”应用介词in。
5．Children are bound to meet with setbacks as they grow up, and their parents don't have to
soworry about it.
解析 句意：孩子们在成长的过程中注定会遇到各种各样的挫折，所以作为父母不必担心。上下文是因果关系，而非递进关系。
6．We spent many years studying the formation of rocks, experiencing many sufferings and even death. So our hard work paid off in the end, and we made it.
And/But
解析 句意：我们花了许多年研究岩石的形成，经历了许多磨难甚至死亡。(但是)我们的努力最终得到了回报，而且我们做到了。上下文是递进或转折关系，不是因果关系。
7．Take medicine as directed by the doctor, besides, you should also keep in mind that
sunshine, fresh air, or rest often accelerate a person's recovery from sickness.
and
解析 句意：要遵照医嘱吃药，除此之外，你还应该记住，阳光、新鲜的空气和休息常常会促进人身体的康复。上下文是并列关系，而非选择关系。
8．They were ahead during the first half of the match, and they were beaten in the last five
butminutes.
解析 句意：比赛的上半场他们领先，但是在最后五分钟他们被击败了。上下文是转折关系。
9．The injured girl was crying when her father arrived at the hospital, yet she
for/becausehadn't had such an accident before.
解析 句意：当她的父亲赶到医院时，那个受伤的女孩儿正在哭，因为她以前从没有遭遇过这样的事故。下文是对上文的解释说明。
10．By the way, the party will be held on this Saturday evening in my house. 解析 句意：顺便告诉你，聚会将于周六晚上在我家举行。表示星期的名词前有指示代词修饰时，不用介词。
11．When you looked at those mountains, at their beauty and their lines this tree alone was seen to hold the sky.
解析 句意：当你看着那些山脉，看着它们的美和它们映衬在蓝天下的线条，单独的这一棵树看起来好像撑起了整个天空。against此处意为“以……为背景，在……映衬下”。
12．I have three paintings I am working ∧ now.
on/at
解析 句意：目前我正在创作的有三幅画。work为不及物动词，不可以直接接宾语，work at/on致力于……。
13．So, to be here tonight and be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is without
beyondexpression in words for me.
解析 句意：所以，今晚能来此处，能有幸被选为第一个获得这项殊荣的人，我实在无法用言语来表达自己的感受。beyond有“超越”之意， beyond expression无法表达；形容不出。
in the blue sky, against
14．Groups of young Chinese dancers, dressed in blue shorts and white baseball caps, danced with the music and waved red flags. to
解析 句意：一群群身穿蓝色短裤、头戴白色棒球帽的中国年轻舞者伴随着音乐翩翩起舞，挥舞红旗。to the music伴随着/和着音乐，为固定搭配。
15．There was no traffic on the road, so we had to walk to home.
解析 句意：路上没什么车辆，所以我们不得不走回家。walk home走回家。home为副词，前面不能加介词。
16．Despite the fact that all the family members are against his decision, he's determined to marry to that woman.
解析 句意：尽管家人都反对他的决定，他还是决意要娶那个女人。marry 是及物动词，其后的介词to 是多余的。
17．Her entering into a university was a big surprise to everyone at that time when women's education was always second to men's.
解析 句意：在当时她能进入大学读书对每个人而言是一件惊奇之事，因为当时女性教育的地位总是次于男性的。句中enter 是及物动词，其后的介词into 是多余的。
18．Contrary with what I had imagined by myself, the discussion turned out to be the climax
toof the meeting.
解析 句意：与我自己想象的相反，这场讨论成为了会议的高潮。contrary to与……相反，违反……，为固定搭配。
19．Satisfied with the food there, we thanked for the boss and the waiters.
解析 句意：由于对那里的食物非常满意，我们感谢了老板和服务生。thank为及物动词，直接跟感谢的对象。
20．Such a little boy has so little difficulty at working out this difficult problem that I admire
inhim very much.
解析 句意：这样小的一个男孩如此轻易地解决了这个难题，让我钦佩不已。have difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难。
21．He says that moving part of his business abroad doesn't necessarily mean that he's lost confidence for the domestic market.
in
解析 句意：他说将部分业务转移到海外并不一定意味着他对国内市场失去了信心。lose confidence in对……失去信心，为固定搭配。
22．The earliest Mother's Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor for Rhea, the Mother of the Gods.
of
解析 句意：母亲节的庆祝活动最早可追溯到古希腊，人们为了表示对众神之母瑞亚的敬重，每年春天都会举行庆祝活动。in honor of为了纪念……。
23．They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up ∧. with
解析 句意：那一天余下的时间里，他们都在思考这个问题，并且把他们想到的都写了下来。come up with想出；想起，句中what是其逻辑宾语，故with不能省略。
24．Leonardo DiCaprio purchased a 104–acre island along the coast of Belize in 2005 and
offplanned to develop a resort with renewable energy sources.
解析 句意：在2005年，莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥买下伯利兹海岸附近一座面积为104英亩的小岛，计划用可再生能源开发一个度假村。off表示的是“分离且离……不远”；along表示的是“在……上且沿着……”。
25．All are dressed/∧ white coats and green aprons—the typical colors of the uniforms
wearinginworn by students and teachers in Burma.
解析 句意：所有人都穿着白色的上衣和绿色的围裙——这是缅甸学生和教师制服的标准颜色搭配。wear后直接跟“穿戴的物品”作宾语；dress的宾语往往是人，即dress sb(给某人穿衣服)，如果要接表示衣服的名词则用be dressed in。
26．After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another tryout arrived, I was fully prepared and tried my best.
解析 句意：在那之后，我每天都练习打排球。当另一次尝试的机会来临时，我已经有了充分的准备并尽力一试。“every＋时间名词”是名词短语作状语，其前一般不加介词。
27．People who have the ability to keep themselves occupied with all manner of
in/undercircumstances, tend not to become bored easily.
解析 句意：那些在各种环境中都能有所作为的人不容易陷入无聊的泥淖。in all manner of circumstances在各种环境中，circumstance(s)前通常用介词in/under。
28．In the early days there were not nearly as many women migrants as there were men, but
somany of the men remained bachelors.
解析 句意：早期的移民中女性没有男性多，所以许多男性移民仍然单身。上下文是因果关系。
29．It is not how much money you will give us ∧ that you are present at the ceremony that
butreally matters.
解析 句意：真正重要的不是你给我们多少钱，而是你出席了仪式。句中not...but...为固定句式，其后分别跟了两个从句。
30．It's not easy to make the river clean again, and/but our government has recently launched
yeta drive to get rid of the river pollution completely.
解析 句意：让河水重新变清不容易，但我们政府最近发起了一场运动来彻底整治河流污染。上下文为转折关系；but不能和and连用，但and和but都可以和yet连用。
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