画鸵萌宠网
UNIT 5
Section One Tactics for listening
Part 1 Sport Dictation
Wind
In the past we watched the wind closely. (1) Hunters knew that game moved (2) with the winds, that keeping the wind in (3) one's face was essential to a successful (4) stalk. Farmers knew that changing winds brought (5) rain or drought.
Polynesian* sailors could find islands beyond the (6) horizon by lying on their backs in their (7) canoes and feeling the swells* caused by winds (8) rushing onto islands many miles away. Eskimos could (9) navigate in Arctic whiteouts*, when fog or snow (10) obscured all landmarks, by following remembered currents of air over the snow and ice.
Today few people can tell where the wind comes from. We live inside walls, (11) surrounded by chrome and glass, and the winds outside are often (12) gusts of our own making - the wake of (13) rushing automobiles, the tunneling of air down narrow city streets. We get our weather (14) from the news, not from the wind behind us. We hear the wind as house sounds: the (15) rattle of windows, the scratching of branches at a window (16) screen, the moan of a draft under
the (17) hall door. These are pop music, not the (18) classical style of the wind, which is the collision of leaf and blade, the (19) groan of branches under stress, the (20) stirring of ocean waves.
Part 2 Listening for Gist
Eleven years ago, a US Congressman from the state of Michigan introduced legislation asking Congress to study the issue of slavery reparations. Since then, the cities of Washington, Detroit, Cleveland, Dallas and now Chicago have called on Congress to consider such payments. Chicago aldermen voted 46-1 in support of the resolution. Alderman Freddrenna Lyle is the descendant of a slave. She says blacks in the United States are still at a disadvantage because of slavery. \"Today, when I am down the street and cross the street and go to (the department store) Sak's and people follow me through the store. It is because slavery has taught people to treat us differently based on skin color. It lives and breathes with us. It is with us every single day.\"
Alderman Ed Smith says there is not enough money in the universe to compensate blacks for what they have suffered because of slavery, but he says it is time for the country to try.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.
1) This passage is about slavery reparations.
The key words are slavery reparation, payments, vote, resolution, descendant, disadvantage, skin color, compensate, blacks, suffer.
Section two Listening Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogue
Cheapo Ticket
Terri: Did you see that television series with Michael Palin? Simon: The one where he went around the world in eighty days? Terri: Yeah.
Simon: Yeah, it was really good. You know, that's something I've always wanted to do.
Terri: Me too. Mind you, you have to put up with a lot of hassles *. I mean. I
went to Hong Kong last year and it was one long disaster!
Simon: Really?
Terri: Yeah, I was stuck in Moscow for three days! Simon: How on earth did that happen?
Terri: Well, it was like one of those bucket shop* tickets, you know, from the
back of a magazine. I went down to this little place in central London, in Soho and paid cash.
Simon: But they're usually OK, aren't they?
Terri: That's what I thought at the time. Now I know better! I mean the plane
Simon: Terri: Simon: Terri: Simon: Terri:
was delayed two hours leaving Heathrow and we were doing a stopover at Moscow. It was Aeroflot*. So we arrived late at Moscow, in the middle of the night, and we all went into the transit lounge and after about two hours this official came in and told us we'd missed the connection to Hong Kong; we'd have to stay the night in the airport hotel ...
But why?
The late departure from Heathrow apparently. So, what was the hotel like?
Grim* ... more like a prison really. Anyway, the next morning I went
down to reception and asked what was happening. Disaster! They'd checked my ticket or something and decided it wasn't a proper Aeroflot one, only valid for the twice-a-week flight, not the daily flight. So I had to sit there and watch all the other passengers go off to catch the next plane to Hong Kong while I was stuck in this terrible hotel.
Well, a good chance to explore Moscow.
No way! I didn't have a Russian visa, of course, so they wouldn't let me
out. I had to stay there for three days. The pits! No TV, no newspapers,
no phone lines and the food was gross. All because I had this cheapo ticket,
Simon: I guess you won't be buying cheap tickets again. Terri: You're not wrong!
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
l.T 2. T 3.F 4.T 5. F 6.F 7.F 8. T
Part 2 Passage
Frozen Ethnic Foods
1） Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people
from the Indian subcontinent and now there are 55. 2） A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles. 3）Other ethnic groceries are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or
ability to cook the foods of their homeland.
4）By 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.
5）Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies but the trend could grow here.
At Patel Brothers' grocery, you can almost get lost these days in the frozen food section. Two years ago, there were three freezers in the store that catered to people from the Indian subcontinent in New York's Jackson Heights neighborhood. Now, there are 55, aisle after aisle crammed with inexpensive, ready-to-eat versions of chicken, chick peas and vegetable balls in sauces and spices.
A few blocks away at the Pacific Supermarket, which specializes in Chinese and Thai food, frozen dinners fill two long aisles.
Other ethnic groceries, including those offering Mexican food, are enjoying explosive growth in sales of frozen meals to immigrant and second-generation customers with less time, inclination or ability to cook the foods of their homeland.
Filling the frozen food racks are rapidly growing food companies, many of them local or regional, which find that serving ethnic shops is easier and more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are
attracting the attention of major corporations.
The market for ethnic frozen foods reached US$2.2 billion in 2001, according to the American Frozen Food Institute.
The biggest market is for Italian food, totaling US$1.28 billion in 200 I, up 6.1 percent from 2000. The overall frozen food market also grew by 6.1 percent, totaling US$26.6 billion.
But Mexican frozen food sales grew 20.6 percent to US$488 million. Asian frozen entrees, which include Chinese, Thai and Indian, were up 12.3 percent, totaling US$463 million.
The steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen foods is partly a result of changing demographics* - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent.
But other Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic. The busy lives of many people help sales ..
Six nights out of seven, it is well past midnight when Sanjay Kumar, a software manager at the brokerage* firm, arrives home from his office in Stamford, Connecticut.
His refrigerator is bare but his freezer is full. So Kumar, 32, dines on chicken curry, chick peas, okra cooked with tomatoes and stuffed parathas. Total cost: about US$8.75.
Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant
populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Still, some are expanding beyond their own ethnic origins.
Deep Foods* of Union, New Jersey, is adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru* line of Indian dishes.
Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium* dishes.
Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. Just before acquiring Ethnic Gourmet*, Heinz bought a Mexican food manufacturer, Delimex.
Europe is ahead of the United States in terms of big companies. But the trend could grow here.
Exercise A Pre-listening Question
The development and diversity of the delights of Chinese cuisine are representative of China's long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty. The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisines is held in high esteem as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal.
The diversity of geography, climate, customs and products have led to the
evolution of what are called the \"Four Flavors\" and \"Eight Cuisines\".
Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, and simmering and so on.
Cuisine can rise to many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The art of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfying dish to suit the occasion.
Besides the various Han cuisines, the other 55 ethnic groups each have their own. With their peculiar religions and geographical zones, their diets differ respectively and are full of interest.
Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the following chart about the growth of the ethnic foods' market shares in the United States in 2001 and then answer the questions.
Nationality Amount Percentage Total
Italian US$1.28 billion 6.1 Mexican US$488 million 20.6 US$2.2 billion Asian countries US$463 million 12.3 1.Making the food are mostly small businesses closely linked to immigrant populations from Asia, Latin America and Africa.
2.Deep Foods started out in the late 1970s as a family-owned snack business, then started making vegetarian frozen food in the mid-1980s. It has since diversified into non-vegetarian, natural and low-sodium dishes and is now adding frozen Thai and Chinese entrees even as it markets its Green Guru line of Indian dishes.
Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.
1) First, the steady growth in popularity of ethnic frozen food is partly a result of changing demographics - by 2010, the Hispanic-American population in the United States is expected to grow 96 percent and the Asian-American population is expected to grow 110 percent. And the Americans are also enjoying dishes once considered exotic and the busy lives of many people help sales.
Second, many food companies find that serving ethnic shops is easier and
more profitable than selling to grocery chains. As their profits increase, they are attracting the attention of major corporations. Heinz sees frozen dishes as a growth area along with organic and natural foods. 2) (Open)
Section Three News
News Item 1
Therapy Dogs at Ground Zero
Jean Owen is a dog trainer and volunteer with Therapy Dogs International, an organization that provides specially-trained dogs and their handlers for visits to nursing homes, hospitals and other institutions. Therapy Dogs International, based in New Jersey, is one of a growing number of organizations that believes that the comfort and love of a pet can increase a person's physical and emotional well-being, promote healing and improve the quality of life.
Therapy Dogs International was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite* centers for workers at Ground Zero.
In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to
comfort people who have been traumatized* by disaster. One victim remarked, \"With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling.\"
Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about the therapy dogs that are used to increase a person's physical and emotional well-being. promote healing and improve the quality of life.
Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.
Therapy Dogs International, located in New Jersey, was founded in 1976 by Elaine Smith, a registered nurse who observed the benefits of pets interacting with patients. Studies have shown that holding or petting an animal can lower a person's blood pressure, release tension and ease loneliness and depression. Since September (terrorist attacks), dog trainer Jean Owen has spent a lot of time visiting firehouses and Red Cross respite centers for workers at Ground Zero. In New York City, there continues to be a need for specially-trained dogs to comfort people who have been traumatized by disaster. One victim remarked, \"With people, you have to talk about your feelings. But a dog knows how you're feeling.\"
News Item 2
Robots
The new SDR4.X stands only 60 centimeters tall, but Sony still says it could be part of the family. But it will have to be a wealthy family. Its creators say it will cost as much as a luxury car!
Electronics companies across the globe are racing to develop the next great robot for use around the home. Some, such as the SDR4X, are humanoid* robots meant to entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. Others are made to do chores, such as mow the lawn or wash the car.
Robots could help kids do their homework, or make learning fun, for example.
Rodney Brooks is the Artificial Intelligence Director at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
His company, Robot (eye-robot) Corporation, has developed what it calls \"remote presence\" robots. They allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet. He calls this \"rebottling\".
As for the fun side, the industry is developing companion robots for elderly people who are lonely. And Sony expects to put its SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.
Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about the latest development in robots for use around the home.
Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and discuss the following questions.
1) It costs as much as a luxury car. 2) Sony made it.
3) They will entertain their owners with their walking, talking and tricks. 4) It means that these robots allow their owners to control them from anywhere in the world by using the Internet.
5) Sony will put SDR4X on the market by the end of the year.
News Item 3
Robotics
The sophisticated combination of electronics and software empowering today's toys may run tomorrow's household robots, according to engineer Pradeep Khosla, at Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.
Mr Khosla is presently working on programming robots to duplicate human response, so that in the future robots might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the. handicapped.
He says he has made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals, voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.
Jeff Burnstein of the Robotics Industries Association says a robot, by definition, is a piece of equipment that is multifunctional, one that can be reprogrammed to do many different tasks.
Home robot helpers may be a distant dream, he says, but industrial robots are an essential part of most factories today.
As for the future, Pradeep Khosla says a person will be able to turn to his or her robot helper and say - Get me a Coca Cola. That robot will then walk to the refrigerator and open the door.
That future is about 20 years off, Mr. Khosla estimates. The children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults. Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about the present achievements of robotics and the home robot helper in the future.
B esicrexE
Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.
Future robots will be able to duplicate human response, so that they might be able to function as helpers for the elderly or the handicapped. Researchers have already made some gains - robots that respond to hand signals,voice commands, light and darkness and those gains are visible on today's toy market.
In about 20 years, the children playing with robot toys today could be the first generation to live with robots in their homes as adults.
Section Four Supplementary Exercises
part 1 Feature Report
Drugs Less Developed
International health workers are calling on the governments of the major donor nations to support the research and development of new drugs to treat some of the deadliest, most neglected diseases in developing countries. About 150 experts are meeting in New York this week, brought together by the Paris-based \"Medecins Sans Frontiers\" (Doctors Without Borders) organization, to discuss ways to jumpstart new initiatives.
The target of this global health campaign are the big pharmaceutical companies. \"Doctors Without Borders\" and other global health groups argue
the drug giants are focusing their research and development mostly on the afflictions of the affluent.
A new report shows there are about eight new drugs on the way for impotence, seven for obesity. But a survey of the world's leading drug companies indicates nothing new in the pipeline for tuberculosis, malaria, sleeping sickness or a series of other tropical diseases that afflict mainly the poor and underprivileged in developing regions.
Dr Krisantha Weerasuriya from Sri Lanka works for the World Health Organization in India. He says he has waited in vain for most of his career for some breakthroughs.
Physicians call these neglected people the “silent sufferers.” They have no voice, no strength, no political power. And for the drug companies, health workers say, there simply is no market where the number of users is huge but the potential profits are small.
International groups, therefore, are trying to pressure governments to provide leadership on the problem.
Els Torreele, a pharmacologist from Brussels, says the public sector has to step in where the private sector fails:
“We believe there is more opportunity to have the public sector has to step in where the getting this research work restarted and trying to attract the pharmaceutical industry, which has interest in doing that. There’s no reason it could not be done in the public sector if you put the money and energy in it that’s
needed.”
The pharmaceutical companies argue it makes money to develop drugs and they have no interest in doing that. There’s no reason it could not be done in the public sector if you put the money and energy in it that’s needed.”
The pharmaceutical companies argue it takes money to develop drugs and they have to keep an eye on their “bottom line”. However, reports from some of the big pharmaceutical firms suggest they are spending, in some cases, less than one percent of their budgets on what health workers call the “neglected diseases”.
Medical experts say prospects for the future look grim. Even with malaria and tuberculosis, where there are effective drugs on the market, new ones are needed as people develop resistance to the old medicines.
Health organizations concede the solution is probably complex and it will require a lot of money. But they see the health crisis in developing countries, where the majority of people live, as a major embarrassment in a world otherwise so advanced and so prosperous.
Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the science report and complete the summary. This science report is about the lack of attention and efforts in development of needed drugs in developing countries. Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true of false.
T 1. “Doctors Without Borders” is a Paris-based organization.
(About 150 experts are brought together by the Paris-based” Medicines Sans Frontiers” (Doctors Without Borders) organization.)
F 2. 150 experts who are brought together by this organization will meet in New York next week.
(About 150 experts are meeting in New York week)
T 3. The medical experts are calling on the government of the major donor nations to support the research and development of new drugs to treat some of the deadliest, most neglected diseases in development countries.
(International health workers are calling on the government of the major donor nation to support the research and development of new drugs to treat some of the deadliest, most neglected diseases in developing countries.)
F 4. The common diseases that trouble the poor and underprivileged in the developing regions are tuberculosis, malaria, sleeping sickness and obesity.
(A survey of the world's leading drug companies indicates
tuberculosis,malaria,sleeping sickness or a series of other tropical diseases are the common diseases that afflict mainly the poor and underprivileged in developing regions, but no obesity.) F 5. Physicians call these neglected people the \"silent sufferershey lost their voices.
(Because they have no voice, no strength, no political power.)
T 6.The reason that big drug companies have no interest in developing new drugs to treat most neglected diseases is the small potential profits.
(For the drug companies, there simply is no market where the number of users is huge but the potential profits are small.)
Part 2 passage
McDonald’s Corp 1. Revenue, which includes sales and franchise fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.
2. Investors say he is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. 3. McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.
4. He will be paid a salary of US$I.4 million this year and has options on 600,000 shares if he agrees to take the job. 5. Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the other 15 percent.
McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is
shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.
In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year, helped by the strengthening of the euro.
Net income rose 29 percent to US$327.4 million, or 26 US cents a share, from US$253.1 million, or 20 US cents a share, a year earlier, after the world's largest hamburger chain posted in the red ink for the fourth quarter, its first loss ever.
Revenue, which includes sales and franchise* fees, rose 5.6 percent to US$3.8 billion from US$3.6 billion.
Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.
After about 100 days on the job, Cantalupo says he will spend 40 percent less on new restaurants and renovation this year.
McDonald's will add 360 outlets, down from 1,000 last year. It will be \"better, not just bigger\April 7 meeting in New York.
McDonald's had wanted to sell 50 percent to 60 percent of the chains while retaining managerial control.
Last year, shares of McDonald's plummeted* 39 percent, making it the
third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Cantalupo, 59, signed up* actor Paul Newman to supply Newman's own dressings for salads that McDonald's is adding for a healthier menu. McDonald's also will offer yogurt and fruit in kids' Happy Meals and try new seasonings for hamburgers.
Longer toasting is just part of the effort to make the buns taste better. McDonald's also changed the recipe
Executives also told investors at the meeting that McDonald's will serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate* customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.
McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide, including 13,000 in the US. Franchisees, who were hurt as former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded* sales at existing restaurants, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital to attract more customers.
Franchisees run 85 percent of McDonald's US outlets, while the company operates the oth15 percent.
Exercise A Pre-listening Question
Taco Bell will expand across China in the near future. Pizza Hut will step up its home deliveries. And McDonald's is adding 100 more restaurants to the
560 it already has in the country. KFC is opening its 1,000th outlet in China.
As China increasingly embraces the outside world and its snack food, US fast-food chains are kicking off a high-speed expansion in the world's biggest market.
Gearing fast food toward local stomachs while retaining its prestige as a foreign brand is a delicate balance.
KFC has adapted with fare like the \"Old Beijing Twister\" - a wrap modeled after the way Peking duck is served, but with fried chicken inside. Plans are also under way for more sites of the Chinese version of Taco Bell, which currently has one location - in Shanghai. grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.
Yum! is also planning a slower expansion for Pizza Hut. Yum! expects the pizza market to grow with the affluence of the Chinese people.
Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.
T 1. McDonald's Corp is shifting from fast expansion toward quality control.
(McDonald's Corp is toasting hamburger buns six seconds longer to make them tasty. That's just one way new Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants.)
F 2. In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose for more than a year.
(In late April, McDonald's reported its first-quarter profit increased as sales rose at the fastest pace in more than a year.) F 3. Net income rose more than US$100 million.
(Net income rose from US$253.1 million to US$327.4 million, or US$74.3 millions.)
T 4. The company's two-year sales slump is due to a shrift of business focus.
(Investors say Cantalupo is getting a grip on the troubles he inherited, especially a two-year sales slump. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control.)
F 5. Mr Cantalupo has been on the job for exactly three months.
(Cantalupo is about 100 days on the job, over three months.) T 6. Last year, shares of McDonald's plunged 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
(Last year, shares of McDonald’s plummeted 39 percent, making it the third-biggest decliner in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.)
F 7. McDonald's is adding new dressings and seasonings for all items in its menu.
(McDonald's is adding dressings for salads and try new seasonings for hamburgers.)
T 8. McDonald's will improve its service by serving food more quickly in a clean and friendly environment.
(Executives told investors that McDonald's wil~ serve appetizing food quickly and in a clean, friendly environment. The company will train staff to smile more, handle irate customers politely and reduce the wait at counters.) T 9. Over 40% of McDonald's outlets are in the United States.
(McDonald's has about 30,000 outlets worldwide. Including 13,000 in the US.)
T 10. Cantalupo retired as president in January 2002.
(Cantalupo stepped down as president in January 2002.)
Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.
1. New Chief Executive Officer James Cantalupo is shifting toward improving the fast-food giant's products rather than adding restaurants. Former CEO Jack Greenberg's expansion strategy eroded sales at existing restaurants. The company had strayed by focusing on expansion instead of quality control. Franchisees, who were hurt most, said Cantalupo's plan requires little capital
to attract more customers. 2. (Open)
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