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1. typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的representative；一贯的；平常的【用法】
be typical of… ……典型的；……有代表性的 It’s typical of sb. to do sth. 某人一向如此做某事 【例句】
It is about a Chinese romantic story, typical of Chinese culture. 那是一个具有典型中国文化特色的浪漫故事。 This painting is fairly typical of his early works. 这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。 【活学活用】
(1) Typically, he always plays jokes on others.
____________________________________________________ (用it作形式主语改写句子) (2) Jack is late again. ____________________________(他一向如此做……) keep others waiting.
2. adopt vt. 收养；领养；采用；采纳 【应试指导】
非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查 【用法】
adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy采用某方法/战略/政策 an adopted son养子 an adoptive father养父 adapt vt. 使适应；改造/编 adapt ... to使……适应…… 【例句】
Our school has adopted a new teaching method. 我们学校已采用了新的教学方法。 He couldn’t adapt his way of life to the company. 他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。 【活学活用】
用adopt，adapt的适当形式填空。
(1) The young couple had no children of their own and _______ an orphan.After a few months, the child came _______ to his new life.(adopt; adapt)
(2) _________ (adopt) a new method, they worked more efficiently. (3) They treated their ________(adopt) son as their own son. 【答案】(1) adopted; adapt (2) Having adopted (3) adopted
3. possess vt. 拥有own；具有have；支配【应试指导】
in possession of作为高级词汇替换own，belong to 【用法】
be possessed of具有；拥有
be in possession of拥有……，主语为人
be in the possession of=be in one’s possession某物被某人拥有 come into one’s possession为某人所拥有 take possession of占有；拥有 【例句】
Mr.Smith was possessed of great self-confidence. 史密斯先生具有很强的自信心。 When her father died, she came into possession of a large fortune. 她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。 【活学活用】
He is in possession of the company.
(1) ______________________________________________________(用the company作主语改写句子)
(2) ______________________________________________________(用possess短语改写句子) (3) ______________________________________________________(用possess v. 改写句子) 【答案】
(1) The company is in the possession of him. (2) He is possessed of the company. (3) He possesses the company.
【解析】in the possesion of, be possessed of和动词possess，都有“拥有”之意。 4. attempt n. 企图，试图；尝试；努力effort
；
；v.努力；尝试；试图
；make an
【应试指导】
作为高级词汇替换try 【用法】
attempt to do/at doing...尝试（试图）做…… make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做…… at one’s/the first attempt第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事；希望做某事 make an attempt on sb.’s life企图杀某人 【例句】
The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。
It was one of his rare attempts at humor. 那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。 【活学活用】 (1) 语法填空。
① I passed my driving test at the first attempt. ② Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life.
③ He attempted to escape(escape) from the prison，but he couldn’t find anybody to help him. (2) 他们试图攀登那座小山。(一句多译)
①________________________________________ (attempt n. ) ②________________________________________(attempt v. )
5. appeal n. 呼吁；恳求request；吸引力attraction；上诉；
v. 呼吁；恳求request；上诉；有吸引力
【应试指导】
(1) appeal to作为高级词汇替换attract (2) 环境保护类写作高频词汇 【用法】
appeal to sb.for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做…… appeal to sb. 吸引某人；投合某人所好 appeal to force诉诸武力
make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁 have no appeal for sb. 引不起某人的兴趣 【例句】
The Prime Minister appealed to young people to use their vote. 首相呼吁年轻人行使他们的投票权。
Music has little appeal for me. 音乐引不起我的兴趣。 【活学活用】
(1) On the other hand, the idea attracted him.
On the other hand, the idea ________ him. (用appeal改写句子) (2) 他呼吁其他领导人为这项事业捐款。(一句多译)
①________________________________________________(appeal v. ) ②________________________________________________(appeal n. )
6. aim n. & v. 瞄准；对准；目标 【用法】
miss one‘s aim未击中目标 have a high aim in life胸怀大志 achieve one’s aim达到目的 take aim at向……瞄准 without aim漫无目的
with the aim of doing sth. 意在做某事 aim at/for sth. 致力于，意欲，旨在 aim to do sth. 旨在干……；以……为目标 be aimed at对象是；针对 【活学活用】
(1) She went to London _________ finding a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。
(2) Bob‘s one __________ is to earn a lot of money. 鲍勃的一个人生目标就是挣很多的钱。
(3) They‘re __________ training everybody by the end of the year. 他们力求做到在年底前人人得到培训。
(4) These measures are __________ preventing violent crime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
【答案】(1) with the aim of (2) aim in life (3) Aiming at (4) aimed at 【解析】考查跟aim相关的常见短语的用法。
7. exchange n.交换；互换giving and receiving；交流communication；兑换； v. 调换；交换；交流communicate；兑换【应试指导】 写作高频词汇：
(1) 交换生exchange students (2) 交流思想exchange thoughts/ideas 【用法】
exchange A for B 拿A换B
exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物 in exchange for变换；交换 in exchange作为交换 【例句】
He exchanged a quick smile with her then entered the lift. 他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。
Knowledge exchange is never a one-way street. 交流知识绝不是一条单行道。 [图解助记]
【活学活用】 (1)语法填空
①Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds? ②I exchanged seats with Bill.
③He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.
(2)He exchanged an apple with me for a piece of cake.(用动词exchange改写上题句③)
8. load n. 负担burden；负荷物cargo；v. 装载；装填put...onto... 【用法】
take a load off one’s mind卸下心头重负 have a load on one’s mind放心不下 loads of=a load of许多…… load...with...用……装载……
load sth.into/onto sth. 把……放在/装进…… be loaded with负载…… 【例句】
We loaded the car in ten minutes. 我们十分钟就装好了车。
How long will it take to load the coal onto the truck? 装这车煤需要多长时间？ 【活学活用】 (1) 语法填空。
① Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind. ② He didn’t want to be loaded with any new impressions.
(2) Because locusts are loaded with protein, they taste a bit like fried chicken.
_____________________________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
9. convey vt. 传达；运送；传播 【用法】
conveyor (er) n. 运送者，传达者；运输设备
convey sb./sth. from...to... 把某人/某物从……运送到…… convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等) 【例句】
Words can‘t convey how delighted I was.言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦。 Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向您母亲转达的美好祝愿。 10. transform vt. & vi. 改变，转变，改造，使改观 【用法】
transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革
transform A into B 使A变成B be transformed from A to B 从A变到B transform into 转化成，改观为 【例句】
The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses. 光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。
Let’s transform the old educational system. 让我们改革旧的教育制度。 【提示】
trans是前缀，意为“转移，变化”。
transport运输，运送 transfer转移，调往 transmit传导，输送，播送 translate翻译
11. appropriate adj. 适当的，正当的v. 挪用，拨出(款项) 【用法】
appropriation n. 盗用，挪用，专款 be appropriate to/for 适于，合乎 appropriate sth. for sth. 为某物拨专款 【例句】
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。 He was accused of appropriating club funds. 他被指控盗用俱乐部资金。
12. stress n. 压力；强调；紧张pressure；重要性emphasis；重音；vt. 强调emphasize；使紧张；加压力于press；用重音读 【多词一义】
stress, emphasize, underline, lay/put/place stress (emphasis) on 【用法】
under stress在压力之下
under the stress of在……的压力下 lay/place/put stress on强调……
stress the importance of强调……的重要性 stress that...强调…… 【例句】
The spokesman stressed the measures did not amount to an overall ban. 该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。
Katy could think clearly when not under stress. 在没有压力的情况下凯蒂思路清晰。 【活学活用】
(1)He stressed the importance of a good education.
_________________________________________________________ (用stress作名词改写句子) (2)The mice died because they became stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks. _____________________________________________________ (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子) 【答案】
(1) He placed/laid/put stress on the importance of a good education.
(2) Stressed by the repeated changes to their body clocks, the mice died. 【解析】put stress on…强调……的重要性。 13. effect n. 影响，作用；结果 【用法】
have an effect on/upon对……有效；对……有影响 come/go into effect生效 take effect生效；奏效 bring/put...into effect实施 of no effect没有效果的 side effect副作用 in effect实际上 【例句】
The whole effect is cool，light and airy. 整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。 The medicine had a good effect on me. 那种药对我有很好的功效。 【活学活用】
(1) Inflation is _____________________(对……有灾难性影响) the economy. (2) (实际上), our wages will fall by 2%. (3) The medicine was (没有效果) on the patient.
14. disappointed adj. 失望的 【应试指导】
写作高分句式：What disappointed sb.is that... 【用法】
be disappointed at/about sth.对……失望 be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望
be disappointed to do...因做……失望 be disappointed that对……失望 to one’s disappointment令人失望的是 in disappointment=disappointedly失望地 【用法】
Dad seemed more disappointed than angry. 与其说爸爸很生气，倒不如说他很失望。 【活学活用】
(1) 用disappoint的适当形式填空。
① To our great disappointment, it rained every day of the trip. ② Your work is disappointing.
③ My mother said it was a great day, but she was just a little disappointed that it didn’t last a tiny bit longer.
(2) He was greatly disappointed at the result and went away.
①__________________________________________________ (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
② (用what引导的主语从句改写句子)
15. ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的feeling shame or embarrassment 【用法】
be ashamed of sb. 为某人羞愧
be ashamed of oneself for doing...某人做了某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因做……而羞愧 It’s a shame that...……是令人遗憾的事。 【例句】
He is ashamed of his failure. 他对自己的失败感到羞愧。
It’s a shame that she isn’t here to see it. 真可惜她不能在这儿亲自看看。 【词义辨析】shameful, ashamed shameful 表示事物本身的客观性质是“可耻的”，可作表语或定语。
ashamed 【活学活用】
是“感到羞耻的”、“觉得惭愧的”，表示主语主观认为可耻的，只能作表语。 (1) 用shameful, ashamed填空。 ① We thought his behavior was shameful. ② I’m ashamed to leave you this way.
(2) He was ashamed of what happened and bowed his head.
_________________________________________________ (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)
【答案】(1) ① shameful ② ashamed (2) Ashamed of what happened, he bowed his head.
【解析】主要考查shameful和shamed的用法。shameful的主语是物，shamed的主语是人。
16. quantity n. 数量；量 【应试指导】主谓一致的考查 【用法】 in quantity大量
quantities of＋名词＋复数谓语动词，许多……
a quantity of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词/＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词，大量…… 【例句】
Quantities of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong. 大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。 My brother bought a large quantity of books. 我弟弟买了大量的书。 【活学活用】 (1) 语法填空。
① A large quantity of beer ________(sell) yesterday.
② Large quantities of food _________(waste) because of the way it looks. ③ —Why does the river around the village smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water ________(pollute) already. (2) 完成句子。
① It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it __________(大量). ② There are large ___________(大量的) rain in this area.
17. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与（某人）较量to disagree with 【用法】
oppose A against/to B 使A与B相对抗 oppose doing sth.反对做某事 be opposed to反对
as opposed to与……相对照；而非 【例句】
The king couldn’t bear anyone to oppose him. 国王不能忍受任何人反抗他。
The father is opposed to his son’s marriage. 父亲反对儿子的婚事。 【活学活用】 (1) 语法填空。
① His daughter is very athletic as ________(oppose) to his son. ② She _______ very much ________(oppose) to your marrying her. ③ He opposed _________(build) a new hall.
(2) The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it. __________________________________________________________ (用with复合结构改写句子)
18. state vt. 陈述；说明；n. 状态；情况 【应试指导】
图表类写作高频词汇as (is) stated above 【用法】
It is stated that...据称…… as stated above如上所述
in a...state/in a state of...处于……状态 make a statement陈述；发表声明
【例句】
For the first few months after Daniel died，I was in a state of clinical depression. 丹尼尔去世后的最初几个月里，我一直处于临床抑郁症的状态。 He stated that he knew nothing about the accident. 他表示对那起事故一无所知。 【活学活用】
(1) The witness stated that he had not seen the woman before.
________________________________________________________________ (用statement改写句子)
(2) It is stated that Philip was an honest man.
________________________________________________ (用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写句子)
【答案】(1) The witness made a statement that he had not seen the woman before. (2) As is stated, Philip was an honest man.
【解析】考查state的动词形式和名词形式的用法。
19. advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张；n. 支持者；拥护者；提倡者 【应试指导】
(1)后跟非谓语动词的考查 (2)倡议类写作高频词汇 【用法】
It is advocated that...主张，提倡…… advocate doing...主张做…… an advocate of/for支持……的人 【例句】
He was a strong advocate of free market policies and the multi-party system. 他是自由市场政策和多党派制度的坚决拥护者。
Mr.Williams is a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business. 威廉斯先生是个保守派，主张政府应减少对商业的控制。 【活学活用】
advocate后不跟不定式，跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。 【活学活用】
(1) They advocates reducing military spending.
_________________________________________________________________ (用it作形式主语改写句子)
(2) The tax policy was advocated by the Opposition and was welcomed by the local people.
__________________________________________________________ (用过去分词短语作定语改写句子)
20. circumstance n. 环境；情况 【应试指导】
(1) under no circumstances置于句首时倒装
(2) circumstance作为先行词时定语从句引导词的考查 【用法】
in/under no circumstances决不=
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许 【例句】
The strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times. 在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。 I wish we could have met under happier circumstances. 我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。 【名师指津】
抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，race，competition，system，job，scene，life，occasion，environment，circumstance等作先行词时，用where引导。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 【活学活用】 (1) 语法填空。
① He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident. ② Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. ③ He may win the competition, where he is likely to get into the national team.
④ Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (2) 完成句子。
① Under no circumstances ______________(必须离开房子).
② You must not mention your colleagues __________________(在任何情况下).
③ Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more, ______________________ (如果情况允许).
21. appoint vt. 任命；委任choose sb. for；安排，确定（时间、地点）arrange；decide 【应试指导】
求职类写作高频词汇 【用法】
appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事 by appointment按照约定
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约 make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会 【例句】
They appointed him (as/to be) captain of the English team. 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
Could I change my appointment from one to two? 我能不能把一点的约会改到两点？ 【活学活用】 语法填空。
(1) The Prime Minister has appointed a civilian as/to be the defence minister. (2) I have made an appointment with Doctor Smith. (3) Our doctors are seen by appointment only. (4) Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.
22. evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计 【多词一义】
evaluate, assess, value 【用法】
evaluate sb./sth. 评估/评价某人/某事
evaluate value/importance/quality评估价值/重要性/质量 evaluation n. 评估；评价 【例句】
We need to evaluate how well the policy is working. 我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。 【活学活用】
(1) 用evaluate的适当形式填空。
① ________ is standard practice for all training arranged through the school. ② “You need humility when ________ the impact of globalization, ” he says.
③ It is widely acknowledged that students should _________(evaluate) in terms of overall quality. (2) The doctor evaluated the patient’s condition and then he decided to try a new drug.
① _______________________________________________________(用“after＋doing”结构改写句子)
② ________________________________________________________(用分词作状语改写句子) 【答案】
(1) ① Evaluation ②evaluating ③ be evaluated
(2) ① After evaluating the patient’s condition, the doctor decided to try a new drug. ② Having evaluated the patient’s condition, the doctor decided to try a new drug. 【解析】考查evaluate的常见用法。
23. suit v. 适合；（使）适宜be right for；n. 诉讼；恳求；套装a set of clothes 【多词一义】
suitable, fit, suited, appropriate 【用法】
suit sth. to sb.使某物适合某人 suit one’s needs适合某人的需要 be suited to/for适合于……；适宜于…… be suitable for适合于…… be suitable to do sth.适合做…… a suit of clothes一套衣服 【例句】
That color doesn’t suit her. 那种颜色不适合她。
He can suit his conversation to whoever he’s with. 无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块。 【词义辨析】match, suit, fit
match suit fit 【活学活用】 (1) 用match，suit，fit的适当形式填空。
The size of the shirt me well and its color my tie, so it me. (2) The challenge is finding suitable partners for them.
__________________________________________________________ (用动词suit和定语从句改写句子)
多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。 多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。 多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”。
24. guarantee vt. 保证；担保promise；n. 保证；担保；保修单 【应试指导】
应用类写作高频词汇 【用法】
guarantee sb.sth. 保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事 be guaranteed to do...肯定会…… under guarantee在保修期内
give sb.a guarantee that...向某人担保…… 【例句】
All students are guaranteed campus accommodation for their first year. 保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。
Even if you complete your training，I can’t guarantee you a job. 即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。 【活学活用】
我们保证在一周内将货物送到。(一句多译)
(1) _______________________________________________________________ (guarantee v. ) (2) _______________________________________________________________ (be guaranteed to)
(3) _______________________________________________________________ (guarantee n. )
25. bore vt. 使人厌烦n. 令人讨厌的人或事；bored：（人）厌烦的；boring：（物)令人厌烦的 【用法】
bore sb. to death使某人厌烦得要死
类似的用法：(过分表示人的感受，现分表示别人对某事的看法)：astonish, excite, move, interest, disappoint, surprise, frighten, annoy, worry等。 【例句】
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep. 电影太无聊了，以至于我都睡着了。
Are you getting bored of doing the same thing everyday? 每天做同样的事情，你觉得厌烦吗？
41. appoint： vt. 任命，指派，委任（后多跟职位一类的词）；约定 appointed指定的；appointment约定，任命 【用法】
appoint sb to sth. 任命某人担任某职位 appoint sb(as) sth. 任命某人敢某份工作 appoint sb to do sth. 指定某人做某事
appoint a time and place for…为……确定时间和地点 keep/break one’s appointment守约/失约 make/ fix an appointment with sb：与……约定 He was appointed to the manager of the company. 他被任命为公司的经理。
I have made an appointment with the doctor at 2 p.m. 我2点钟约了医生。 42. suit n. 一套衣服，套装；vt. 适合，使适宜 【辨析】fit, suit, match
fit suit match 【例句】
（多指衣服等）尺寸、大小合身，合适。 （指衣服的）颜色、款式、花样等合适。 意为“使相称、使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面的搭配。 The gentleman was in a classic suit. 这位先生穿了一套古典套装。 I have found a job that suits me well. 我找到了一份很适合我的工作。
I tried the dress on but it didn’t fit. It was too small. 我试了这件裙子，但是不太合适。有点小。 Does this skirt suit me? 这件裙子适合我吗？ Her clothes don’t match her age. 她的衣服跟她的年纪不匹配。
43. panic vi. & vt. & n. 惊慌，惊恐（过去分词和现在分词形式：panicked, panicking） 【用法】
panic over sth. 对某事感到惊慌 be in a panic在惊慌中 get into a panic陷入恐慌 cause a panic引起恐慌 48.anxiety n. 焦虑，担心
cause sb. great anxiety使某人非常不安 with great anxiety忧心忡忡的 anxious adj. 焦虑的 be anxious about担心…… be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物 【例句】
The crowd panicked at the sound of the gunfire. 那群人听到枪声后惊慌失措。
His father’s words caused him great anxiety. 他父亲的话给他造成了很大的焦虑。
The parents were anxious for the return of their son from America. 这对父母焦急的等待着他们从美国回来的儿子。
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