2010年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2010年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Word Formation 5. Writing

Structure and Vocabulary

1． A series of border incidents would______lead the two countries to war. A．inevitably B．consistently C．uniformly D．persistently

正确答案：A

解析：副词词义辨析。inevitably“不可避免地”；consistently“一贯地，一致地”；uniformly“一律地，相同地”；persistently“持续地，坚持地”。根据句意：一系列边界事件将“不可避免地”导致战争。故答案为A。

2． When I took out my appointment book and busily______it, my client got the impression that I had a busy schedule.

A．checked out B．thumbed through C．held out D．put through

正确答案：A 解析：动词词组辨析。根据句中的连词and判定，空格所填的动词词组与took out构成时间上顺序结构，也就是拿出my appointment book之后的动作应该是检查它。选项中，checked out意为“检验”，符合句意。故答案为A。

3． In the “New Horizon College English” course, students must take performance tests at monthly ______.

A．gaps B．length C．intervals D．distance

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。分析句子结构和句意，空格应填入与at monthly构成搭配的词，表达“月考”的意思。选项中，只有intervals符合要求。故答案为C。

4． A crowd of people gathered,______by the way the police officers were hitting the two men.

A．executed B．intensified C．chilled D．outraged

正确答案：D

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句中的police officers与hitting the two men提供的语境，people对打人是“愤怒的，不满意的”。选项中，outrage意为“引起……愤怒”，outraged为其过去分词，符合题意。其他选项中的动词没有这个意思。故答案为D。

5． He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably______after a meal and a rest.

A．renewed B．recreated C．reshaped D．refreshed

正确答案：D

解析：形近词辨析。选项中的词均以re-开头，但词义不同。renewed“更新的；复兴的；重建的”；recreated“重建的”；reshaped“再成形的”；refreshed“恢复精神的；补充给养的”。根据句中的转折词but判定，空格应填入与completely exhausted意思相对的形容词，还要用来修饰人，只有refreshed符合句意。故答案为D。

6． In addition to restraining economic growth, the government was increasingly anxious to tackle its trade______, which has been a mounting concern in the European Union and the US.

A．maximum B．balance C．surplus D．negotiation

正确答案：C 解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中restraining economic growth，was increasingly anxious to提供的语境，空格应填入具有贬义的、负面的且能与trade搭配的名词。选项中，surplus(顺差；盈余；过剩)符合句意。故答案为C。

7． Most small earthquakes which cause very slight______can only be detected with the help of sophisticated instruments.

A．signals B．rotations C．passages D．vibrations

正确答案：D

解析：名词词义辨析。空格填入的名词要与主语earthquakes，谓语cause搭配。选项中，vibrations(震动；动摇)符合句意，地震能引起的只能是震动，而不能是信号、转动或通道。故答案为D。

8． For a solid or liquid fuel to______, some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at which it turns to a gas.

A．ignite B．detect C．generate D．reproduce

正确答案：A

解析：动词词义辨析。根据For引导的原因状语，空格中填入的动词应与be heated to意思一致，而且a solid or liquid fuel变成a gas是为了燃烧。选项中，只有ignite(使燃烧)符合要求。故答案为A。

9． Zoologists observe the way animals______with one another and their environment.

A．interlock B．interlink C．interact D．interchange

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。根据句子和句意的分析，空格填入的动词应与with搭配，表达“与环境相互作用”。故答案为C。

10． The people of this new African country all treasure their______independence and are determined to build their country into a land of prosperity.

A．hard-nosed B．hard-pressed C．hard-won D．hard-boiled

正确答案：C

解析：形近词辨析。选项中的形容词均以hard一开头，但词义不同。hard—nosed“顽固的；精明的”；hard-pressed“被紧紧催逼的”；hard-won“来之不易的；难得的”；hard-boiled“煮过熟了的；不动感情的”。根据句中new African country，prosperity提供的语境，空格应填入褒义词。选项中，只有hard—won符合要求。故答案为C。

11． In the crowded restaurant, the man gave______to his anger by yelling at the woman sitting opposite him.

A．rise B．vent C．way D．pause

正确答案：B

解析：固定搭配。根据anger，yelling(叫喊)提供的语境，句子表达的是”那个男人通过叫喊来发泄愤怒”。gave vent to为固定搭配，意为“吐露，发泄”。故答案为B。

12． He had a feeling that she was______avoiding him — that she fared to be alone with him.

A．deliberately B．erroneously C．gracefully D．reluctantly

正确答案：A

解析：副词词义辨析。根据句中she不愿意单独见him，空格应填入与fared to be意思相近的副词。选项中，deliberately(故意地)能准确表达句意。故答案为A。

13． That park contains______reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.

A．sizable B．minute C．enormous D．miniature

正确答案：D

解析：形近词辨析。minute指小得难看见，有时需用显微镜才看得见；miniature指由正常体积微缩的物体。根据句意，the Great Wall和the Summer Palace只能以缩微复制品的形式存在于公园中。故答案为D。

14． Each time he heard the approaching______of his mother, he would turn off the light and feigned(佯作)sleep.

A．accent B．tone

C．fingerprint D．footstep

正确答案：D

解析：名词词义辨析。能与空格前后的heard，his mother，构成名词的只有footstep，意为“听到他妈妈的脚步声”。故答案为D。

15． The issue of the death penalty is highly______in some western countries. A．controversial B．outrageous C．frustrated D．democratic

正确答案：A

解析：形容词词义辨析。能与句中The issue(问题)搭配的词只有controversial(有争议的；有争论的)。故答案为A。

16． Like most fathers and sons, we fought; it was a cold war lasting from the______of my adolescence until I went off to college.

A．setback B．onset C．drawback D．offset

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中from…until…to的结构，句子表达的是“从adolescence(青春期)开始”的意思。选项中，只有onset(开始)符合句意。故答案为B。

17． There are laws to specify the person(s)who will obtain a dead person’s______if no will exists.

A．heritage B．fame C．estate D．prestige

正确答案：C

解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中laws，a dead person’s，will(遗嘱)提供的语境，空格应填入与遗产相关的名词。选项中，只有estate(房地产；财产)符合要求。故答案为C。

18． She hesitated for a______of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.

A．fiction B．function C．friction D．fraction

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。a fraction of意为“一小部分，零点几”，为固定搭配。故答案为D。

19． My seven-year-old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and he’s already______them.

A．outweighed B．outgrown C．outlived D．outreached

正确答案：B

解析：形近词辨析。选项中的词均以out-开头，但词义不同。根据句中的时间had…in April和already对比，判定a pair of new shoes已经小了。选项中，outgrown意为“长得大而容不进”，符合句意。故答案为B。

20． Shallow pools of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other______. A．insects B．flies C．garbage D．garage

正确答案：A 解析：名词词义辨析。根据连词and和other判定，空格应填入与mosquitoes(蚊子)同类的名词，且是mosquitoes的上一级归属。选项中的insects意为“昆虫”，符合要求。故答案为A。

21． In the vast majority of cases, the populace(老百姓)tends to______economic success with democracy.

A．digest B．distinguish C．assimilate D．identify

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。assimilate与with搭配，意为“使相似，将……比作……”。故答案为C。

22． He was very intelligent, but he______the requirement for a manager. A．fell short of B．ran short of C．ran out of D．froze out of

正确答案：A

解析：动词词组辨析。根据句中的转折词but判断，fell short of意为“达不到；缺乏”，与fail意思相近，符合句意，意为“缺少管理职的才能”。故答案为A。

23． The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to______reporters______the latest development in diplomacy.

A．confer... upon B．burden... with C．fill... in on D．adjust... to

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配辨析。句中的weekly press conferences意为“每周的新闻发布会”，召开发布会的目的是告诉最新的情况。选项中，fill sb．in on为固定搭配，意为“详细告诉某人”。故答案为C。

24． He had a quarrel with his wife and just______her. A．became of B．got hold of C．walked out on D．passed over

正确答案：C

解析：动词词组辨析。became of“使遭遇……；……降临于；发生……情况”；got hold of“抓住；握住，占有”；walked out on“丢在一边”；passed over“越过；忽略；宽恕；回避”。根据had aquarrel with(与……发生争吵)之后应该是把妻子丢在一边。故答案为C。

25． For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents ______the construction plan.

A．approved B．countered C．defended D．opposed

正确答案：D

解析：近义词辨析。根据句中fear，rain the peace提供的语境，此处的意思为“反对建造计划”。countered和opposed都含有一种否定的意思，但是它们在意思上有细微的差别。counter有“反击，反驳”的意思，强调的是别人先做某个动作或者提出某种观点，自己再来反击或者驳斥；oppose意思是“反对，反抗，对抗”，可表不同程度的抵抗，用法和object接近，但oppose为及物动词，不需要介词。故答案为D。

26． The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to______for hundreds of years.

A．thrive B．flourish C．prevail D．popularize

正确答案：B

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句中and continued判断，空格应填入与greatest development意思相近的动词，同时又能与Maya civilization(玛雅文明)搭配。选项中，flourish意为“繁荣，兴旺”，符合句意。故答案为B。

27． Having published more than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, she is held in high ______by her colleagues.

A．esteem B．evaluation C．estate D．ego

正确答案：A

解析：名词词义辨析。句中的first-rate journals意为“一流期刊”。Having published…引导分词短语结构。根据句意，发表了高水平的文章之后，同事对他很是尊重。选项中，esteem意为“尊重；尊敬”，符合句意。故答案为A。

28． While some office jobs would seem______to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.

A．hostile B．tedious C．fantastic D．courageous

正确答案：B

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据句中转折连词while判定，空格应填入与stimulating，exciting andsatisfying意思相对的形容词。选项中，tedious(沉闷的；冗长乏味的)符合句意。故答案为B。

29． The troops were in a______position, completely exposed to attack from the air.

A．eminent B．brutal C．vulnerable D．adequate

正确答案：C

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据句中的completely exposed to(完全暴露于……)，这说明空格应填入与attack有关联的形容词。选项中，vulnerable意为“易受伤害的”，符合句意。故答案为C。

30． In minutes he has taken over the whole______ , lying under the sink and squinting(眯眼看)up into the machinery.

A．conscience B．restraint C．trial

D．enterprise

正确答案：D 解析：名词词义辨析。根据句中sink，machinery给出的语境，只有enterprise(企业)符合要求。故答案为D。

31． The government should really pay attention to this problem which can be found everywhere and by no means______to this region.

A．single B．individual C．alone D．unique

正确答案：D

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据句中的and连接词和否定表达by no means(决不)，空格用填入与canbe found everywhere(到处都能发现)意思相对的形容词。选项中，unique意为“独特的，稀罕的”，符合句意。故答案为D。

32． Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food______their cleanness toughness and low cost.

A．by virtue of B．by means of C．at sight of D．by way of

正确答案：A

解析：介词词义辨析。by virtue of侧重指“凭靠，凭借”的意思，也可表示“由于”原因，有时也说in virtue of，根据句意“塑料袋可用来装各种食品，因为它清洁、耐用又价廉”。故答案为A。by means of“用，依靠”；at sight of“一看见”；by way of“经由；当作”。

33． From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, it’s impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is______the way people live and work.

A．resuming

B．transforming C．preparing D．seeking

正确答案：B

解析：动词词义辨析。分析句子结构，that引导的定语从句修饰先行词electronic revolution，空格填入的动词要与revolution和the way搭配，只有transforming(转化，转变)符合句意。故答案为B。

34． Although family affairs are thought to be______, many public laws affecting all of us are based on what is thought to be correct behavior of family members.

A．complicated B．delicate C．ordinary D．private

正确答案：D 解析：形容词词义辨析。根据although可以知道前后句子在某个信息点上有强烈的对比和转折，和后句public相对的选项应该为private(私人的，私有的，秘密的)。故答案为D。

35． Ronny’s steps died away, and there was a moment of______silence. A．absent B．abstract C．absolute D．acquire

正确答案：C

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据句中的died away(逐渐消失)判定，空格填入的形容词是为了形容silence的程度，即“非常安静”。选项中，absolute意为“绝对的；完全的”，表示程度。故答案为C。

36． The value of the industrial______ dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.

A．outcome B．outlook C．output D．outset

正确答案：C

解析：常用搭配。industrial与output搭配构成词组，意为“工业产量”。故答案为C。

37． We shall never be able to______ourselves truly unless we are working for the welfare of our fellows.

A．realize B．spot

C．accomplish D．fulfill

正确答案：D

解析：近义词辨析。选项中的动词均含“结束，完成”之意。realize着重指把过去的计划或意愿变成现实；spot为动词时指的是“沾上污渍；满是斑点”；accomplish是正式用词，强调一个过程的完成，也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果；fulfill强调梦寐以求，强调满足。根据句意，空格填入的动词应与for the welfare of our fellows(为了我们的同胞的利益)意思想照应，fulfill更符合句意。故答案为D。

38． The jokes Bill told in an effort to cheer us up didn’t quite______. A．come off B．take off C．go off

D．get through

正确答案：A

解析：动词词组辨析。根据句中in an effort和didn’t形成的反差，此处的意思为“很努力去讲笑话，但是没有成功”。选项中，come off意为“成效”，符合句意。故答案为A。

39． The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not______. A．come up B．hang on C．get across D．look out

正确答案：C

解析：动词词组辨析。come up“走近；发生”；hang on“坚持下去；不挂断；握住不放”；get across“被理解，被接受”；look out“注意；当心”。根据句意和搭配，只有get across能与the explanation(解释)搭配。故答案为C。

40． The court ruled that John was______in hitting the man in self-defense punished.

A．justified B．accused C．approved D．admitted

正确答案：A

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句意，空格应填入与self-defense(正当防卫)意思相近的动词。选项中，justified(证明……正当)符合句意，意为“裁定，约翰正当防卫”。故答案为A。

Reading Comprehension

Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain me 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist mat their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors. Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “ A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators(捕食者)to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. “ The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest. However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently — and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.

41． Previous research by German scientists has shown that______. A．the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasing B．penguins are disturbed by the presence of a human C．the number of penguins in Antarctica is declining D．penguins of different species behave differently

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词Previous research，German定位到原文首段首句。原文中的thebirds指的就是penguins，heart rates与选项A重现；

increased与选项A中的increasing为同根词。故答案为A。

42． A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that______.

A．penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activities

B．penguin parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicks

C．penguins are not threatened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantly

D．penguins abandon the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词British与原文首段尾句中的Cambridge对应定位答案。原文中的a slow moving与选项C中的slowly对应；原文中的approach the nest与选项C中的approaches thenest对应；原文中的not…too closely与选项C中的distantly对应；原文中的is not perceived as athreat与选项C中的are not threaten对应，故答案为C。

43． An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to______. A．observe penguins’ heart rates B．exchange for a real penguin egg C．monitor the hatch of penguin eggs D．measure penguins’ body temperature

正确答案：A 解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词An artificial egg定位到原文首段第二句。原文中which引导的非性定语从句说明了用途，measure heart rates与选项A对应。故答案为A。

44． According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research, a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that______.

A．the two researches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they were based on different species of penguin

B．the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguin

C．the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their later behavior by fitting a monitor on them

D．the new research reveals penguins need better protection from tourists

正确答案：C 解析：细节推理题。Nimon针对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响的研究结果的观点在原文尾段第三句。believe后的内容即为答案，其中methodologically flawed与选项C中的unreliable for对应；原文中的monitoring，fitting与选项C

重现；原文中的entailed capturing and restraining the birds与选项C中的scared penguins and changed their later behavior对应。故答案为C。

45． According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguins’s heart rates?

A．Climate change. B．Tourist activities. C．Scientific research. D．Not firmly known yet.

正确答案：D 解析：细节推理题。文章对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响这个问题进行了讨论。通读全文可知文章并没有得出什么具体的影响因素的结论。故答案为D。

An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting(招募)the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and inclination to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organizational setting. The individual has to fit in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures. Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey. Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about ￡ 20,000. The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig(石油钻塔)or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes, i. e. productivity, high rates of staff change and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i. e. physical, psychological and mental well-being. However despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection technique available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centers etc. , many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial “ accept” or “ reject” decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and does little better than more controversial methods like graphology(笔迹学)and astrology(占星术).

46． The right person for an organization should not only possess necessary skills for the job but also______.

A．have the ability and inclination to acquire these skills B．own educational and professional qualifications C．fit in with the organization’s environment D．possess similar work experience

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词fight person，for the job定位到原文首段尾句。原文中的or atleast与题干中的but also对应。原文中的have the ability and inclination to acquire与选项A重现；原文中的them指代的就是原文前面提到的range of skills。故答案为A。

47． Wrong selection decisions will lead to the following outcomes EXCEPT______.

A．higher training costs per person B．greater damage or casualties C．high job satisfaction

D．poor physical, psychological and mental well-being

正确答案：C 解析：细节推断题。根据题干关键词Wrong selection decisions与原文第三段首句中的Poor selectiondecisions对应。原文第三段第二句中的the costs of training a policeman are about $20，000与选项A对应；原文第三段第三句与选项B对应；原文第三段尾句与选项D对应，原文第三段第四句提到的是low job satisfaction，与选项C矛盾。故答案为C。

48． ______are the best method to identify suitable employees. A．psychometric tests and assessment centers B．graphology and astrology C．unstructured interviews D．structured interviews

正确答案：D

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词the best method定位到原文尾段首句，与more objective selection对应。这里提到虽然有更加客观的选人方法，包括psychometric tests和assessment centers但很多公司依然将是否用人的决定建立在自由访谈的基础上。故答案为C。

49． In an unstructured interview,______will greatly determine the interviewer’s final decision.

A．the candidate’s job satisfaction and organizational commitment

B．the impression the candidate makes in the first few minutes C．the questions the interviewer happens to ask the candidate D．the candidate’s capability to cope with an emergency

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词unstructured interview定位到原文尾段首句主句部分。其决定因素在下一句，the first four minutes与选项B中的the first few minutes对应。故答案为B。

50． This passage is mainly about______. A．importance of employee selection B．future trends in employee selection C．best methods of employee selection D．popular myths in employee selection

正确答案：A 解析：全文主旨题。原文首段尾句强调人力资源是一家公司十分重要的一项资源，接着介绍了应该选拔什么样的人才，错误的选拔会产生的后果以及选拔人才的方法，都是为说明人才选择重要性这一主题服务的。故答案为A。

Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3,000,000 worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts. The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the

other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!

51． Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?

A．There is a “shrinkage” in market values. B．Many goods are not available. C．Goods in many shops lack variety. D．There are many cases of shop-lifting.

正确答案：D 解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词the honest public have to pay higher prices定位到原文首段尾句。首段中以英国商家每年因为丢东西会损失很多钱为例说明了首段首句的观点。原文首段首句中的shop-lifting(店内盗窃)与选项D重现。故答案为D。

52． The third group of people steal things because they______. A．are mentally ill

B．are quite absent-minded C．can not resist the temptation D．can not afford to pay for goods

正确答案：C

解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词The third group of people steal things定位到原文第四段。第四段首句中的gives way to和a sudden temptation分别与选项D中的can not resist和temptation(诱惑)对应。故答案为C。

53． According to the passage, law-abiding citizens______. A．can possibly steal things because of their poverty B．can possibly take away goods without paying C．have never stolen goods from the supermarkets D．are difficult to be caught when they steal things

正确答案：B

解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词law-abiding citizens定位到原文第四段首句。首句提到尽管是很law-abiding citizens(遵纪守法的公民)，也有可能顺手牵羊。故答案为B。

． Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?

A．A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals. B．The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.

C．People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor. D．The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.

正确答案：A

解析：细节判断题。根据原文第二段尾句提到the professionals(专业盗窃)只占总的失窃率的only asmall percentage。选项A与此矛盾。故答案为A。

55． The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that______. A．the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores

B．some people simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops C．the honest public has to pay higher prices

D．the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people

正确答案：C

解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词aircraft hijack situation定位到原文尾段第三句。劫机是一个例子，它所支持的观点是it is yet another instance of．．．即无辜的大众因为小部分人的错误而受到牵连，将此观点放大到整篇文章来看，就是“诚实的顾客要因为一些人的偷窃行为而花更多的钱购物”。故答案为C。

It is perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, a man of genius like Leonardo da Vinci engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings. He came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the “universal man” , the man who was proficient at everything. Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine. Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is respected; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modern world is a world of highly-skilled “experts” who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron, is a modern phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair; they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world’s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room? Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disturbing to find that even here, as one of its members put it, at a

lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!

56． The passage implies that______.

A．men of remarkable achievements in the past were accidentally versatile B．no great man in the past was qualified as universal except da Vinci C．nowadays versatile men are generally highly regarded D．nowadays it is nearly impossible for a man to be versatile

正确答案：D 解析：细节推理题。原文首段尾句中的rarely与选项D中的nearly impossible对应，现在博学精通的人很少。故答案为D。

57． The word “moron”(Paragraph 2)most probably means______. A．a foolish man

B．a hard-working man C．an expert

D．a miserable man

正确答案：A

解析：语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段第五句。原文中的分号，以及as说明，前后是同类事物的比较。The scientist与the man of letters对应，little more than a moron应与barely aware of对应，也就是moron表示的是“什么都不知道的人”，故答案为A，意为“有些科学家在他的研究领域以外和白痴一样”。

58． Which of the following is the best possible title for the passage? A．How to Become a Versatile Man. B．Versatile Men.

C．How to Become an Intelligent Man. D．Intelligent Men.

正确答案：B

解析：全文主旨题。全文的首段为主旨段，提到在过去的时代里，很多杰出的人都多才多艺，或许这并不使人感到意外和偶然，而现在却很少有这样的人，接着以举例子的方式论述了这一观点。故答案为B(多才多能的通才)。

59． According to the passage, in order to stand out, a scientist should______. A．engage in as many careers as possible B．become a member of the Royal Society C．confine himself to a limited area of study

D．be aware of the great progress in science and technology

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据题干关键词in order to stand out定位到原文第二段

第三句，与in order tocompete with their fellows对应。原文中的had to devote the greater part of their lives to与选项C中的confine himself to对应；原文中的a very limited field of study与选项C中的a limited area of study对应。故答案为C。

60． Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Da Vinci was too busy with his many inventions to finish his paintings. B．In the modern world a man can become versatile without paying the price. C．Nowadays a man of letters scarcely knows about the changes in technology. D．During the Renaissance much emphasis was placed on being universal.

正确答案：B

解析：细节判断题。选项A与原文首段第四句对应；选项C与原文第二段第五句对应；选项D与原文首段第五句对应。原文第二段第四句提到But this has not been achieved without considerable cost．双重否定强调了这种情形的产生也付出了相当大的代价，选项B与此矛盾。故答案为B。

All Eskimos live most of their lives close to salt or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen grow right on rocks. And where there is enough soil, ever grass, flowers and small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on the Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call this country the Arctic plains. Some animals, such as rabbits and caribou, eat the plants. Others, like the white fox and grey wolf, eat the rabbits and caribou. The Eskimo is a meat-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce. The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the good time, when food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when the Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store. For seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family. The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st, the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sun shining at all. Around Oct. 21stthe Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun setting straight south of them, and they don’t see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker. Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and the moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimos to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimo’s eyes.

61． On the Eskimo land,______. A．rabbits live on the plants B．soil is rich and plentiful

C．grass grows more easily than lichen D．lichen is found only rocks

正确答案：A

解析：细节事实题。原文首段提到爱斯基摩人的土地贫瘠，地衣比草的生命力强，可以长在岩石上，而草只能在土壤充分的地方才能生长。原文首段第八句还提到Some animals，such as rabbits andcaribou，eat the plants．即像野兔及北美驯鹿这种动物都以植物为生。故答案为A。

62． In the Eskimo year, ______. A．there are no spring and fall

B．winter is cold and summer is hot C．summer is a time for growing food D．winter comes early and goes late

正确答案：D 解析：细节事实题。原文第二段首句中的a long，cold winter与选项D对应，意为“爱斯基摩人的一年中最长的季节是冬天”。故答案为D。爱斯基摩人的一年中夏天比较短但比较凉爽，春、秋两个季节更短，但并不是没有，而且爱斯基摩人是以狩猎为生，并不种植粮食，因此A、B、C项都是错误的。

63． From the passage we can infer all the following except that______. A．Eskimos are more likely to eat wolves in summer B．Eskimo women are responsible for housework C．animal meat is Eskimo’s main source of food D．hunting is an important part of Eskimo life

正确答案：A

解析：细节推理题。题目形式为反选题，即选择不能从文章中推理出来的选项。根据原文首段尾句可知爱斯基摩人只在食物匮乏时才吃狼，那么在夏天食物充足的情况下，不会吃狼的，选项A与原文不符。故答案为A。

． In midwinter there is no sun shining in the Far North because______. A．the Far North is too far away from the sun B．the sun is not seen again for six months C．the sun never sets in midsummer

D．people see the sun setting straight sought of them

正确答案：C

解析：细节事实题。根据原文第三段第二句中的in the middle of summer，…the sun never sets inNorthern Greenland判断选项C与此对应。故答案为C。

65． The best title for the passage is______. A．A Story of the Eskimo

B．The Bare Far North

C．Eskimo Land and Climate D．The Eskimo Year

正确答案：C

解析：全文主旨题。这篇文章介绍了爱斯基摩人居住地区的环境、季节及天气状况等。故答案为C。

Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea — when facing a difficult operation, for example, — they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesn’t matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death. A number of psychological roadblocks get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctors, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion they’re questioning the doctor’s ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they don’t suggest it. Another reason people avoid getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. Says Balyk: “You fear that if you go for, say, an ingrown toenail, he’ll tell you that the toe must come off. “ The most important consideration is that it’s in your self interest to get another opinion — and it may not be worse. Then, most people trust, even give great respect to their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctor is right, and don’t ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesn’t even occur to them that they should. But you should remember that the doctor is a human being — just like you. And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. At other times, obtaining that second opinion just seems like too much work. But remember, sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.

66． From both the first and the last paragraphs we can infer that the author may want to suggest that______.

A．one should choose a hospital carefully when ill

B．one should think seriously before making a medical decision C．one should never be afraid of questioning the doctor’s opinion D．a second medical opinion is absolutely necessary

正确答案：B

解析：细节事实题。根据首段尾句中it can lead to the wrong treatment，even death，尾段中的mean thedifference between life and death说明在做决定的时候要认真思考，与选项B对应。故答案为B。

67． Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctor’s feelings? A．They fear that if so something unhappy will happen. B．They fear that the doctor may let them alone after that.

C．They fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments. D．They have been taught to respect doctors in this way.

正确答案：D

解析：细节推理题。根据题干关键词hurting the doctor’s feelings与原文第二段到第四段。原文第四段首句中的great respect to their doctors与选项D对应。故答案为D。

68． Another reason some patients don’t want to get a second medical opinion is that______.

A．they are used to treating doctors as gods in every aspect B．other people will look on them as mad if they do so C．they think it is wrong to doubt the doctor’s opinion D．doctors usually don’t have a second opinion to offer

正确答案：C

解析：语义题。根据第二段尾句中they’re questioning the doctor’s ability与选项C对应。故答案为C。

69． In paragraph 5, by “sometimes when people are sick, they become childlike” the author means that______.

A．when people are sick, they behave in every way like a child B．when people are sick, they become unreasonable

C．when people are sick, they are too lazy to take care of themselves D．when people are sick, they rely too much on others

正确答案：D

解析：细节判断题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段首句。原文中的意思是人生病的时候会像孩子一样，需要别人的照顾，也就是依赖别人。故答案为D。

70． The last word “work” in paragraph 5 may probably be closest in meaning to______.

A．trouble B．energy C．time D．labor

正确答案：A 解析：语义题。根据题干信息定位到原文第五段尾句。根据句中的just seems可以看出，work含有贬义。信息中，只有trouble符合要求。故答案为A。

Cloze

Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I【C1】______myself to what was necessary for a secondary-school【C2】______. I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as a young columnist, my main【C3】______was to read. And I got to like it. My head spun! An unknown passion took【C4】______of me. What happened? For me, it was the【C5】______of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them.【C6】______I would tell them, in an only slightly【C7】______way, how much I liked them or didn’t. Today, 25 years later, I【C8】______through my books from those days and it’s magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I【C9】______him. Other times I find him【C10】______. Certain remarks seem【C11】______to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I find the【C12】______trace of my thoughts, my【C13】______of that time. That’s why I never lend out my books. I give【C14】______the ones of which I have two【C15】______and the ones I’ve never read. But the ones I’ve【C16】______up cannot【C17】______: they have become my journals, my【C18】______. To let someone read them would be【C19】______myself up to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a【C20】______breaks into a house.

71． 【C1】 A．contributed B．defined C．limited D．controlled

正确答案：C

解析：上下文语义。前文提到“我”很少读书，只读够拿到学位证的书，可推测作者将自己在有限的学习内容当中。故答案为C。

72． 【C2】 A．paper B．diploma C．permit

D．qualification

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。paper“论文”；diploma“毕业证”；permit“允许”；qualification“资格”。根据句意，此处是指作者拿到secondary-school的毕业证。故答案为B。

73． 【C3】

A．interest B．assignment C．responsibility D．right

正确答案：C

解析：名词词义辨析。作为一名专栏作家，阅读是responsibility(职责)的重要组成部分。故答案为C。

74． 【C4】 A．advantage B．hold C．charge D．obsession

正确答案：B

解析：名词词义辨析。take advantage of sb．“利用”；take hold of sb．“抓住，吸引”；take charge of sb．“控制”；take obsession of sb．“困扰”。根据句意，An unknown passion只能是“吸引我”。故答案为B。

75． 【C5】 A．intrusion B．attack C．invasion D．raid

正确答案：A

解析：名词词义辨析。intrusion“闯入”；attack“袭击”；invasion“侵略”；raid“袭击，查抄”。根据句意，能与love搭配的动词只能是intrusion，爱情是闯入进来的。故答案为A。

76． 【C6】 A．Really B．But C．Thus D．Besides

正确答案：C

解析：逻辑关系，前文描述“我”如何狂热于阅读，与下文是因果逻辑关系。故答案为thus。

77． 【C7】 A．distorted B．twisted

C．contorted D．zigzagged

正确答案：C

解析：近义词辨析。twisted扭曲的，别扭的；contorted扭曲的。twisted和contorted都有“扭曲”的意思，twisted主要指身体的扭曲，contorted表达得则较为抽象。故答案为C。

78． 【C8】 A．thumb B．scan C．finger D．turn

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。thumb through the book为固定搭配，意为“迅速翻阅一本书”。故答案为A。

79． 【C9】 A．enjoy

B．understand C．receive D．identify

正确答案：B

解析：上下文语义。从下文可知，him指曾经的自己，选项只有understand符合文章上下文语意及逻辑关系。故答案为B。

80． 【C10】 A．promising B．eloquent C．credible D．hopeless

正确答案：D 解析：上下文语义。曾经的他不爱阅读，在现在的“我”看来，应该是hopeless的。故答案为D。

81． 【C11】 A．interesting B．exact C．stupid D．desperate

正确答案：C

解析：形容词词义辨析。根据Other times…Certain remarks…Others make…信息判定前后句子形成对比。因此空处应该填写与happy意义相对的词汇，选项中，只有stupid符合要求。故答案为C。

82． 【C12】 A．live B．alive C．living D．lively

正确答案：C

解析：同根词辨析。live“活的；生动的”；alive只能做表语，不可做定语；living“鲜活的，生动的”，lively“活泼的，有生气的”。选项中，能与trace搭配的形容词只有living合理。故答案为C。

83． 【C13】 A．sensibilities B．sentiments C．senses

D．sensitivities

正确答案：A

解析：名词词义辨析。sensibility“感觉，感情”；sentiment“多愁善感，情绪”；sense“感觉，知觉，理智”；sensitivity“敏感性”。根据句意，空格应填入与thought意义相近的词。故答案为A。

84． 【C14】 A．out B．away C．up D．in

正确答案：B

解析：动词介词搭配。此处所选的介词应与give构成一个词组，并与lend out(借出)同义。give out“用尽，耗尽”；give away“捐献，赠送”；give up“放弃”；give in“屈服”。故答案为B。

85． 【C15】 A．editions B．versions C．copies D．volumes

正确答案：C

解析：名词词义辨析。根据句意，作者的意思是，若有两本同样的书，或是从未阅读过的书，他会捐献出去。“两本同样的”应用two copies。two editions和two version是“两版”，指内容不同；twovolumes泛指“两册”，不强调内容是否相同。故答案为C。

86． 【C16】 A．marked B．drawn C．written D．signed

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。前文讲到作者喜欢在自己的书上记录心得体会，这里也指那些被他注解过的书，动词选mark与介词up搭配，意为“给……做记号”。故答案为A。

87． 【C17】 A．spread B．circle C．circulate D．cycle

正确答案：C

解析：动词词义辨析。根据选项推测，这些被送出去的书进行了再循环。故答案为C。

88． 【C18】

A．acknowledgements B．recognitions C．admissions D．confessions

正确答案：D

解析：名词词义辨析。acknowledgement“了解，认识”；recognition“认识”；admission“承认，认可”；confession“忏悔”。分析上下文可知，多次提到confessions一词，这些书成了我的忏悔。故答案为D。

． 【C19】 A．giving B．turning C．opening D．revealing

正确答案：C

解析：动词词义辨析。根据句意，这些做过笔记的书本，若是被别人读了，就好像把自己赤裸裸地暴露在外了似的。应选opening。故答案为C。

90． 【C20】 A．guest B．liar C．robber D．burglar

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析。break into(入室抢劫)的“强盗”是burglar。故答案为D。

Word Formation

Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below. Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling in any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers

on Answer Sheet(2)temporary fear extend passive requiresubstantial count instinctive increase liepermanent hardly stiffstick adopthard current strength off standard “ Use it or lose it” is the new approach to back pain. In the last few years, there has been a【W1】______change in the way doctors treat this most common disease. Weeks or months of rest in bed —the【W2】______method of treatment for so long — are now thought to be surely harmful. Muscles become soft, joints become【W3】______and what started out as a【W4】______acute condition quickly turns into a continuing disability. Far better, according to current thinking, is to put up with a little pain and get moving. The change has not happened overnight. For years, some specialists have had an【W5】______feeling that bed rest was not the answer. But what finally put an end to【W6】______bed rest was a study of more than 200 patients who were treated for back pain in a clinic in Taxes. Not only did patients who had two days’ bed rest do totally as well as those given seven days, they【W7】______only half as much time altogether【W8】______work. As a result of the study, experts now recommend that【W9】______anyone with acute back pain should spend more than a few days【W10】______down. After that should come a program of gradually【W11】______exercise, probably accompanied by some【W12】______treatments such as massage, heat or ultrasound. Because of hospital waiting lists, most people have to wait several weeks before receiving the treatment they need. Unfortunately this wait is often spent in bed or inactive for【W13】______of doing further damage to the back. It has been estimated that for every day an injured muscle is rested it loses at least one per cent of its【W14】______. Stay in bed for two or three weeks and it will be far【W15】______to rebuild a damaged muscle.

91． 【W1】

正确答案：substantial

解析：根据下文是对back pain新旧治疗方法的具体解释，空格应填入能表示新旧治疗观念的巨大转变的词，substantial符合上下文语义。故为答案。

92． 【W2】

正确答案：passive

解析：method前的应填入形容词，根据空格前的Weeks or months of rest in bed判断，这种旧的方法应该是“被动的”。故答案为passive。

93． 【W3】

正确答案：stiff

解析：空格应填入形容词。分析上下文，并根据and来判断，空格应填入与soft相对的形容词，备选项中stiff(呆板的；坚硬的)符合语义。故答案为stiff。

94． 【W4】

正确答案：temporary 解析：and是顺承关系，turns into后面是转变的结果，即“持续的功能丧失”，可知之前后是“暂时的急性炎症”，故答案为temporary。

95． 【W5】

正确答案：instinctive

解析：空格应填入与feeling(感觉)搭配的形容词，备选项中的instinctive与feeling搭配意为“直觉”，符合语义。故为答案。

96． 【W6】

正确答案：lie

解析：空格应填入动词，与bed rest搭配，表达“卧床休息”。故答案为lie。

97． 【W7】

正确答案：require 解析：空格应填入动词，能与only half as much time搭配的动词只有require。答案为require。

98． 【W8】

正确答案：hard

解析：hard与work构成固定搭配，意为“努力工作”。

99． 【W9】

正确答案：current

解析：分析句子的结构和语义，空格应填入与now意思相近的形容词，可知只有current符合要求。

100． 【W10】

正确答案：adopting

解析：此处意为“花时间适应背疼的情况”，spend后接doing形式。故答案为adopting。

101． 【W11】

正确答案：strength

解析：此处是指“力量运动”。故答案为strength。

102． 【W12】

正确答案：standard

解析：空格后的such as massage，heat or ultrasound为具体举例，空格填入的词是对这些词的概括描述，standard treatments表达合理。故答案为standard。

103． 【W13】

正确答案：fear

解析：for fear of为固定短语，意为“生怕，以免。”

104． 【W14】

正确答案：count

解析：根据上下文，空格应填入one per cent同概念的名词，表示“总数的百分之一”。故答案为Count。

105． 【W15】

正确答案：permanent

解析：根据far判定，空格填入的形容词表示需要很长的时间，permanent符合题意。故为答案。

Writing

106． For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a short essay of about 300 words following the picture given below: (1)Describe the picture.(2)Give your opinion. Write the essay on the Answer Sheet(2)only.

正确答案： As can be seen from the picture, an old father is sitting alone in sofa. There are two birthday gifts from his oldest son and second son, but no children keep company with the old man. The picture reflects a common social phenomenon from an angle — people tend to care more for the next generation, and regretfully, not a few young couples neglect to show the same concern over their old parents, and some of them even treat their old parents badly. From my point of view, what we can do is strike a better balance between the two poles: the children and the parents. To respect and take good care of old parents is our due responsibility, which has been a highly prized virtue among the Chinese for over two thousand years. On the one hand, we are supposed to plan the time wisely. After spending most of time on school assignments and homework, we can spend one hour or two on the Internet a week. As a high school student, too much time spent on line will lead to failure in exams. Busy as we are, we should by no means neglect to offer our old parents material and emotional supports. On the other hand, we are expected to offer helps to our parents rather than wait for their asking. More important, we should be always ready to talk with our parents, which can ease their minds and removes the worries. Only in this way can a harmonious atmosphere be created in the family life. Lastly, we should always remember that what you have done for your old parents is not only a repayment to them, but also a good example to educate your own children. It is not difficulty in doing these easy things, or we will lose the chance to love them forever.