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一、名词解释（每小题2分，共20分）专有名词英译汉、汉译英各10个。所以专业名词的中英文来自于教材
二、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 三、判断题（每小题1分，共10分） 四、填空题（每空1分，共10分） 五、简答（每小题5分，共20分） 六、案例（每1题10分，共20分）
1. Put the following terms into English and vice versa. 国际商法 International Commercial Law 普通法 Common Law 判例法 Case Law 成文法 Statute
经济法 Economic Law 违约 Breach of Contract
直接的合同关系 Privity of Contract 承担疏忽 Contributory Negligence 相对疏忽 Comparative Negligence 代理 Agency
追认的代理 Ratification 独家代理人Sole Agent 佣金 Commission
运输代理人 Forwarding Agent
商事组织法 Law of Business Organization 个人企业 Individual proprietorship
无限责任公司 Unlimited Liability company 有限责任公司 Limited Liability company
股份有限责任公司 Joint Stock company Limited 上市公司 Public company 优先股 Preferred stock 普通股 Common stock 股东大会 General meeting 红利 Dividends
公积金 Reserve funds
中外合资经营企业 China Foreign Capital Enterprises 中外合作经营企业China Foreign Cooperative Enterprises 流通证券 Negotiable Instruments 拒付 Dishonor 追索权 Recourse
空白背书 Blank Endorsement
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第1章 导论
一、单项选择题
2．英国法的主要渊源是 (B) The main sources of English law are
A．学理 B．判例法 C．成文法 D．习惯
rationale case law Statute Law convention
5．下列法律中属于私法的有(D) Which of the following law belongs to private law ?
A．刑法 B．诉讼法 C．习惯法 D．商法
Criminal Law Litigation Customary law commercial law 10．中国法律最重要的渊源是(B) what is the most important source of China's laws?
A．判例法 B．成文法 C．宪法constitution D．习惯法
二、填空题
2．近代欧洲各国主要源自中世纪形成的——————。(商人习惯法)
6．美国法的主要渊源是----。(判例)
The main source of American laws is ______. 四、判断题
1．“国际商法”中的“国际”是指“跨越国界”的意思。 (∨ )
( )The term “international” in International Commercial Law means “Transnational”.
4．英美法中，一个判决只对被判处的案件有效，对日后法院判决同类案件并无约束力。 (× )
11．具有中国特色的社会主义法律制度已经完全形成。 (× )
( )Chinese characterized socialist legal system has been completely formed. 六、简答题
What are the differences between the continental law system and the common law system?
2．大陆法体系和普通法体系相比较的特点。
答：(1)在大陆法国家，它的私法的大部分领域都是法典化、成文化的，而在普通法国家则主要是实行判例法；
(2)大陆法国家受罗马法的影响很深，有的国家的法典直接继承了罗马法的传统；普通法国家虽然也在一定程度上受罗马法的影响，但其影响的深度和广度与大陆法国家有所不同。
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第2章 合同法
一、单项选择题
1．下列属于要约的是(D)
A．某公司收到的商品目录 B．某公司向交易双方寄送的报价单 C．普通广告 D．悬赏广告 Which of the following is an offer?
A. catalog B. price list
C. ordinary advertising D. Advertisement offering a reward 3．合同当事人实现合同内容的行为是(D)
A．合同的解释 B．生效 C．承诺 D．合同的履行
The act of parties’ implementation of the contract is called______. A. the interpretation of contract B. effect
C. acceptance D. the performance of contract 5．中国成年人标准是(D)
A．20岁 B．23岁 C．21岁 D．18岁 A standard Chinese adult shall be in age of ______. A. 20 B. 23 C. 21 D.18 三、填空题
1．——是当代社会各种经济活动的基本法律形式。(合同) The basic legal form of economic activity in current society is ______.
2．法律上把订立合同的意思表示分别称为-------。(要约与承诺) The two basic steps of reaching a contract are ______. 四、判断题
1．要约对受要约人有拘束力。 ( × ) An offer has binding power to the offeree.
5．承诺的内容与要约的内容可以不一致。 ( × )
The content of an acceptance can be inconsistent with the content of the offer. 简答题
What are the main clauses of a contract?
第3章 货物买卖法
一、单项选择题
1．1980年《国际货物买卖合同公约》规定发价生效时间是( C) A．发价发出后即生效
B．受发价人真正接到时生效 C．发价于其到达受发价人时生效 D．以上全不对
According the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 1980, an offer takes effect when ____C__. A. the offer has been sent
B. the offeree has really receive the offer C. the offer has reached the offeree
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D. all of the above are not correct
3．货物按照合同规定交付给第一承运人时起，风险即由卖方转移给 ( C ) A．承运人 B．卖方 C．买方 D．保险公司
When the goods are delivered to the first carrier, the risk then is transferred to ______.
A. the carrier B. the seller C. the buyer D. the insurance company 6. 卖方都要在指定目的地完成其交货义务的贸易术语是 (A) A．D组术语 B．C组术语 C．F组术语 D．E组术语
When applying ______, the seller shall fulfill his obligation of delivery at the named destination.
A. Group D terms B. Group C terms C. Group F terms D. Group E terms 7．下列哪个术语表示，卖方承担最重的义务 ( B) A．EXW B．DDP C．FAS D．DDU
Which of the following terms requires the seller to bear the most obligations? A．EXW B．DDP C．FAS D．DDU
10．在任何情况下，如果买方不在实际收到货物之日起多长时间内将货物不符合同的情况通知卖方，他就丧失了声称货物不符合同的权利 (B C)p233 A．三年 B．一年 C．两年 D．几个月
In any case, if the buyer does not inform the seller of discrepancy of goods ______ after the actual date of receipt of the goods, he will lose the right to claim that the goods do not match the contract if he
A. three years B. one year C. two years D. several months 18．卖方有义务在某一特定地点把货物交付给承运人，则在货物在该特定地点交付给承运人以前，风险由哪方承担 ( B)
A．保险人 B．卖方 C．买方 D．承运人
The seller is liable to deliver the goods to the carrier at a specified place, then who should bear the risk before the seller delivers the goods to the carrier? A. the insurer B. the seller C. the buyer D. the carrier 填空题
5.——是代表货物所有权的凭证，买方不仅要凭它提货，而且通过转让它就可以将货物转卖给第三人。(提单)
Bill of Lading represent the title to the goods. The buyer can not only takes delivery of the goods by it, but also transfers it to the third party.
6．《1990年通则》中，采用D组术语订立的买卖合同是属于------。(到货合同)
7.——是买卖法的核心内容。(买卖双方的义务)
The core content of sales law is the obligations of the seller and the buyer. 四、判断题
2．国际货物买卖合同公约规定接受不能撤回。 ( × )
3．如果卖方所提交的单据与合同相符，即使货物在运输途中已经灭失或受损，买方仍有义务按合同规定支付货款。 ( ∨ )
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4．公约对国际货物买卖合同没有提出任何特定的形式要求，无论采取口头方式或采取书面方式订立合同都是有效的。 (∨ )
5．公约规定，受发价人在收到发价后，保持缄默可认为是接受。 (× )
六、简答题
1.发价的终止有哪些情况? 答：①发价因被拒绝而终止；
②发价因被发价人撤销而终止；
③发价因其所规定的接受期限届满终止； ④发价因“合理期限”已过而终止。
2.在接受中对哪些事项作了添加或变更者被认为在实质上变更了发价的条件?
答：①货物的价格；②付款；③货物的质量或数量；④交货的时间与地点；⑤当事人的赔偿责任范围；⑥解决争议的方法等。
3.．根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定，卖方的主要义务有哪些? 答：①交付
货物；②移交一切有关货物的单据；③把货物的所有权移转于买方。
产品责任法习题
名词解释：产品责任法 代理 判断题（见英文版的国际商法）
一、单项选择题（下列各题，只有一个符合题意的正确答案） 1.美国的产品责任法主要是（a ）。
州法 B.联邦统一的宪法 C.《统一产品责任法（草案）》 D.国际公约 The product liability law of America is ______
A. state law B. federal uniform constitution C. Draft Uniform Product Liability Law D. international conventions 2.根据中国法律规定，生产者的责任采用（B ）。
A.过错责任原则 B.严格责任原则 C.过失责任原则 D.连带责任 According to Chinese legal, the liabilities of producers apply ______. A. fault liability principle B. strict liability principle C. negligence liability principle D. related liability
5.下列各项学说中，不属于美国产品责任法的法学理论依据的是（C）。
疏忽说 B.违反担保说 C.违反条件说 D.严格责任说
( C )Which of the following is not a doctrine of product liability in the United States?
A. Theory of Negligence B. Breach if Warranty C. Breach of conditions D. Strict Liability 1．产品责任法的目的是保护(D ) A。生产厂家 B.零售商 C．买方的亲友 D．消费者
The aim of product liability is to protect ______.
A. the manufacturers B. the retailers
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C. the relatives and friends of the buyer D. the consumers
3．在买卖合同中，如果卖方违反担保义务，能对卖方起诉的是(B) A．买方的家属 B．买方 C.买方的亲友 D．过路的行人
4．违反担保之诉的起诉根据是 ( C ) A．严格责任 B．疏忽 C．买卖合同 D．法律
判断题
1．产品责任法属于社会经济立法的范围，它的规定是任意性的，双方当事人可以在买卖合同中加以排除或更改。 ( × )
2．在以疏忽为由提起诉讼时，原告与被告需要有直接的合同关系。 (× ) 4．在产品责任诉讼中，原告擅自改动产品，致使自己遭受损失，被告可以以此为由提出抗辩，要求免除责任。 ( ∨ )
第6章 商事组织法
一、单项选择题 一、单项选择题
1．资本主义国家中数量最多的企业形式是 (B) which of the following forms owns the largest number of enterprises in capitalist countries?
A.合伙 partnership B．个人企业individual proprietorship C.公司corporation D．国家公共事业National public utilities 5．美国的合伙法属于 (C)
A．统一的联邦合伙法 B．《法学阶梯》 C．州法 D．商法典
6．下列具有独立的法人资格的是 (A) Which of the following is qualified to be an independent legal entity?
A．公司corporation B．个人企业individual proprietorship C.家庭 family D．独资经营企业Sole proprietorship
7．公司最重要的和最基本的法律特征是 (B)What is the most important and most basic legal characteristics of a corporation? P346
A．公司拥有自己的财产Corporation owns its own property
B．公司是法人，具有独立的法律人格Corporation are legal entities with separate legal personality C．公司以自己的名义享受权利，承担义务Corporation has its rights and obligations in its own name
D．公司以自己的名义起诉、应诉Corporation can sue and respond in its own name 17．领导企业的最重要的机关是 (D)What is the most important leading organ in a corporation?
A．监察会Monitor B．特别股东大会special meeting
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C．股东大会 general meeting D．董事会 Board of Directors
三、填空题
1.在现代资本主义社会中，以——为代表的公司企业已成为国民经济的主要支柱，对社会经济生活有举足轻重的影响。(股份有限公司)
6．——是公司取得法人资格的关键步骤，是公司成立并开展事业的必要条件。(注册登记)
7．股份有限公司的股份表现为——。(股票)
四、判断题
1．即使合伙企业的财力不足以清偿其债务，债务人也无权向任何一位合伙人请求全部履行债务。 (X )
4．公司发起人的资格只能是法人，法律上加以限制。 (X )
六、简答题
3．普通股与优先股的区别是什么?
答：普通股即通常的股份，它是与优先股相对而言的。普通股是股份有限公司最重要的一种股份，是构成公司资本的基础。普通股的股东在公司把红利分派给优先股的股东之后有权享受公司分派的红利；在公司解散或清算时，也有权在公司的财产满足了其他债权人的请求权之后，参与分配公司的财产。普通股没有固定的红利率，其红利的多寡完全取决于公司的经营状况，普通权的股东一般有表决权，可以选举公司的董事会或监事会，从而对公司的经营管理有一定的发言权。“优先股”指在分派公司的红利和在公司清算时分派公司财产两个方面，比普通股享有优先权的股份。根据有些国家法律的规定，优先股可以在公司设立时发行，也可以在公司增募股本时发行，法律上不加以任何限制；但有些国家的法律规定，优先股只能在特殊的情况下，如果在公司增招折股或清理债务时才能发行。优先股的股东一般在股东大会上没有否决权，不能参与公司的经营管理。可是如果公司涉及优先权所保障的权利时则属于例外，在这种情况下，优先股对于这种问题可以有表决权。
代理法
9. _ Corporation _____ is the most important type of business organization in the world.
10. A_ Principal _____ is the person for whom an agent acts and from whom the agent derives authority.
第7章 票据法
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一、单项选择题
1．票据的雏型是 ( D) A．飞钱 B．帖子
C．交子 D．自笔证书 2．从历史上看，票据最早发萌于 (D)
A．我国唐代 B．我国南宋时代
C．公元12世纪的意大利 D．古希腊罗马时代
3．由发票人签发的，委托银行于见票时无条件向受款人支付一定金额的票据是 ( C )
A．汇票 B．本票
C．支票 D．允诺式的票据
4．在国际货物买卖中，买方可以向卖方开出6个月后付款的本票，这是因为票据具有( B )
A．汇兑的作用 B．信用工具的作用 C．支付工具的作用 D．流通证券的作用
5．目前，大多数国家的票据法都认为，票据的资金关系应与票据关系 (A ) A．相分离 B.相牵连
C．既联系又分离 D．上述均不正确
6．在汇票被付款人承兑以前，汇票的债务人是 ( A) A．出票人 B．付款人 C．承兑人 D．执票人
7．按照英国的票据法，汇票上载明“付给甲公司或其指定的人”，此时汇票上的受款人的写法为 (B )
A.限制性抬头 B．指示式抬头 C．来人式抬头 D．无记名抬头
10．执票人为行使和保全其票据权利所必须做的一种行为是 ( D ) A.汇票的出票 B．汇票的承兑 C．汇票的背书 D．汇票的提示
12．一旦付款人在票据上签名，他就成为该汇票的 (A) A．主债务人 B．从债务人 C.债务人 D．债权人
13．如背书人注明“只许付给某甲”，这种背书属 ( A) A．限制转让的背书 B．限制背书人责任的背书 C．附有条件的背书 D．委托取款背书
16.横线支票制度最早起源于 (A)crossed cheques A．英国 B．美国 C．法国 D．德国
17．付款银行在支票上签字盖章予以确认之后，该支票的唯一债务人就是( D) A．该支票的出票人 B．该支票的背书人 C．该支票的受款人 D．付款银行
三、填空题
1. A Bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed
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to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person or to bearer.
2. A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the maker, engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed or
determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer.
3. A check is an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it,
requiring the bank to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of , a specified person or to bearer. 四、判断题
an endorser is the party signing on the reverse of the bill as confirmation of purchase and title to the bill. ( T )
( T ) 1. The term “international” in International Commercial Law means “Transnational”.
( F )2. Chinese characterized socialist legal system has been completely formed.
( F )3．According the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, an acceptance can not be withdrawn.
( F ) 4．Only an legal entity can be the promoter of a corporation.
( F )5. A sight draft shall be presented to the payer for acceptance at first, and then it is presented for payment.
( F ) 6. An bill itself is money, and it can be circulated like cash.
( T ) 7. Blank endorsement can be transferred to special endorsement, and special endorsement can also be transferred to blank endorsement.
( T ) 8. An agent is a person authorized by another to act in place of her 1．票据本身就是货币，可以代替现金流通。 ( x ) 2．背书的次数越多，对票据负责的人数也越多，该票据的可靠性也越高。 (X ) 3．空白背书可以转变为记名背书，记名背书也可以转变为空白背书。 (√ )
4．票据仅凭交付或经适当背书后交付给受让人即可合法完成转让手续，而毋须通知票据上的债务人。 (√ )
5．英国法以在票据上载明对价文句作为票据有效的必要条件。 (x ) 6．执票人可以一面允许参加承兑，一面行使追索权。 (x )
7．“在出售某批纺织所得的收人中支付某甲5万英镑”，按英国票据法的规定，它是一种有效汇票。 (x ) 8．英美法各国认为，汇票应当记载出票日期及地点，否则不得认为有效。 (x ) 9．按照日内瓦统一法公约的规定，承兑应当是无条件的。 ( √ )
10．德国法系各国要求在汇票上必须标明汇票字样，但英美法系各国不要求。 (√ )
11．即期汇票须先向付款人作承兑提示，然后作付款提示。 (x ) 12. 按照英国票据法的规定，“于某甲结婚后三个月内付款”不能作为汇票。 (√ )
13.按英美法，如果银行出于善意在正常的业务中对有伪造背书的支票付了款，不可解除责任。 ( x )
14. 经过付款银行确认的支票，其效力较之汇票的承兑更为有力。 (√ )
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15.英国票据法规定，对远期付款的汇票，可以有2天的优惠日。x 16．参加付款人付款后，票据上的债权债务关系因之而消灭。 ( x )
17．英国票据法规定，国内汇票在遇到拒付时，一定要作成拒绝证书。 (x ) 18．汇票的执票人可以直接向汇票的保证人提出付款请求或追索。 (√ )
六、简答题
1. What are the differences between the continental law system and the common law system?
答：(1)在大陆法国家，它的私法的大部分领域都是法典化、成文化的，而在普通法国家则主要是实行判例法；
(2)大陆法国家受罗马法的影响很深，有的国家的法典直接继承了罗马法的传统；普通法国家虽然也在一定程度上受罗马法的影响，但其影响的深度和广度与大陆法国家有所不同。
2. What are the main content of a contract?
3. According the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, what are the obligations of the seller?
答：①交付货物；②移交一切有关货物的单据；③把货物的所有权移转于买方。
4. What are the differences between a bill of exchange and a promissory note? Bills of exchange: An order to pay./ A three-party instrument./ Where payable after date, a bill is generally accepted.
Promissory notes: A promise to pay/ A two-party instrument./ Never accepted./ 5. IV. Duties of Agent and Principal 1.Duties of Agent to Principal (1)Duty of Loyalty
(2)Duty of Care, or Duty to Act with Skill (3)Duty to Obey Instructions (4)Duty to Account (5) Duty of notify
2. Duties of Principal to Agent
(1) Duty to Commission and Compensate (2) Duty to Reimburse and Indemnity (3) Duty to Keep Accounts
3．论述本票与汇票的区别。
答：(1)本票与汇票二者的定义不同(见名词解释)。
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(2)本票与汇票的区别主要有以下两点：
①汇票有三个当事人：即出票人、付款人与受款人，因此，汇票上必须载明付款人的姓名；本票则只有两个当事人：出票人与受款人，出票人本身就是付款人，所以本票上毋须记载付款人的姓名。 ②汇票必须经过承兑之后，才能确定付款人对汇票的责任，使承兑人处于主债务人的地位，而出票人则居于从债务人的地位。本票的情况有所不同，本票的出票人始终居于主债务人的地位，他是本票的当然的主债务人，自负到期偿付的义务，毋需办理承兑手续。虽然，对于见票后定期付款的本票执票人仍须向出票人作见票提示，否则就无法确定该本票付款的到期日。但这种提示同汇票的承兑提示在法律效用上是不同的，前者是为了确定付款的到期日，后者是为了确定付款人对汇票的付款义务。所以，即使本票的执票人没有作见票提示，但出票人对其本票的付款义务还是无疑的，只不过是付款的具体日期尚未确定而已。但汇票如果不经过提示承兑，则付款人对 汇票的付款义务尚不能确定。 Differences between a bill and a note Bills of exchange ① An order to pay. ② A three-party instrument. Promissory notes ①A promise to pay. ② A two-party instrument. ③ Where payable after date, a bill is generally accepted. ③ Never accepted. ④Where payable after sight, a bill must be presented for acceptance to fix the maturity date of the bill ④Never accepted 4．试论支票与汇票的异同。
答：(1)支票是由发票人签发的，委托银行与见票时无条件向受款人支付一定金额的票据；而汇票的定义(见名词解释4)。
(2)汇票与支票的相似之处在于：二者都是属于委托式的票据，汇票通常是由出票人委托付款人向受款人付款，支票是由发票人委托银行向受款人付款。因此，汇票与支票都有三个当事人，即出票人、付款人和受款人。 (3)汇票与支票的主要区别在于：
①支票的付款人限于银行，而汇票的付款人则不以银行为限。 ②支票均为见票即付，而汇票则不限于见票即付。但在近代商业中出现了一种提前开出的支票即在支票表面记载的日期以前开出的支票。这种支票实际上等于是一种“延期支票”，它不仅是支付工具，而且能起到信用工具的作用。 八、案例分析
1．我某公司分别出口三批货物，三个合同各规定以D／P即期、D／P60天、D／A90天托收方式付款。设寄单之邮程为8天，托收日为6月10日。问：这三笔业务的提示日、承兑日、付款日、交单日各为何日(姑且不计银行合理工作
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时间)?
答：D／P即期，提示、付款、交单日期均为6月18日。D／P60天，提示、承兑日为6月18日，付款、交单日为8月16日。D／A90天，提示、承兑、交单日为6月18日，付款日为9月16日。
2．我方出口一批货物，付款方式为D／P120天托收。汇票及货运单据通过托收银行寄抵国外代收行后买方进行了承兑。但货物到达目的地后，恰好行市上涨，于是付款出具信托收据(T／R)向银行借得单证。货物售出后买方倒闭。问我方于汇票到期时能否收回货款，为什么?
答：我方于汇票到期时能收回货款。因为本案例中进口人向代收行通融借单，代收行在这笔托收业务中未经出口方即我方授权擅自凭T／R提前借单，这是代收行的责任。因此，一俟汇票到期代收行应承担付款责任。 案例分析题
1．中国某公司与英国某公司洽谈出售某种产品800吨。中方公司发电报称“确认售与你方……800吨，7月在伦敦交货，请汇80万英镑。”英方公司复电：“确认你方电报，条件按你方电报的规定……已汇交你方银行80万英镑……请确认在6月装船交货。”中方未回电，以高价将该产品售与第三方。问：中方公司是否违约? 为什么?
答：(1)中方公司不违约。
(2)因为英方要求在6月付货，其实已经在承诺中将要约的内容加以变更，从原则上说这就是一项反要约，是对原要约的拒绝，不能发生承诺的效力，必须经中方的承诺才能成立合同。中方公司不回电证明已经拒绝这一反要约，中方有权将货物卖与第三方而不违约。
Case 2: 我某公司与澳大利亚商人签订小麦进口合同200万吨，交货期为某年5月份，但澳大利亚在交货期年度遇到干旱，不少小麦产区欠收20％，而且当年由于苏联严重缺粮，从美国购买大量小麦，导致世界小麦价格上涨，澳商提出推迟到下年度履行合同，中方是否可以同意？
答：澳方实际是以不可抗力为由在要求推迟履行合同，故关键要看是否构成不可抗力。从情况分析，尚构不成不可抗力，况且小麦为种类货物，澳方如不能供应可从它国购入交货，不能因世界市场价格上涨，而拒绝这样做。 Case 3: Is there any contract between the parties
Company X sent Company Y a letter as an offer to sell 10 tons cotton for US$200,000. After receiving the letter ,Company Y immediately sent a telegram to Company X purporting to accept the offer. However, the telegram company erroneously delivered the telegram to Company Z. Five days later, the market price of cotton increased a lot. Company X mailed a letter to company Y to revoke the original offer. The letter of revocation was received by Company Y.
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Question
Is there any contract between Company X and Company Y? Answer and Analysis
According to Item 27 of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods The acceptance was effective because the telegram had been sent. Therefore, the contract was made between Company X and Company Y.
第二十七条除非公约本部分另有明文规定，当事人按照本部分的规定，以适合情况的方法发出任何通知、要求或其他通知后，这种通知如在传递上发生耽搁或错误，或者未能到达，并不使该当事人丧失依靠该项通知的权利。
Case 4: Is there any contract between X and Y?
On April 4, Company X, with its place of business in China, sent an offer by e-mail to Company Y, with its place of business in Australia. The offer concerned 50,000 meters hand-printed cotton cloth and said it would remain open until April 30. On April 10, Company Y answered by e-mail : “The price is too high, and we are not interested in the offer.” But on April 20, the manager of Company Y changed his mind and sent another e-mail to accept the April 4 offer.
Question: Is there any contract between company X and Company Y? Answer and Analysis
No. Since both China and Australia are Contracting States to the CISG, according to Article 1 would apply here. After receiving the offer of 50,000 meters hand-printed cotton cloth, on April 10, Company Y stated that they were not interested in the offer, which rejected the offer. On April 20, the e-mail sent to accept the April 4 offer should be regarded as a new offer instead of acceptance. Therefore, there was no contract between Company X and Company Y.
(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: (a)when the States are Contracting States; or Case 5: Who is legal right?
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Mr. Nelson, the manager of a US company, entered into a contract with an Italian company, Roma, to order some leather suitcases. The Goods were delivered on time, but with some of the zippers on the suitcase defective. Mr. Nelson contracted Roma and gave a notice that he wanted to cancel the contract. Roma responded that they only can give a reduction in the price. Answer and Analysis
Roma was legally right. The defectiveness of some of the zippers on the suitcases could not account to a fundamental breach under the CISG Article 25. therefore Mr. Nelson had no right to cancel the contract but have other remedies, such as reducing the price. Case Study 6 John’s Claim
The ABC Chair Co. manufactures and sells oak chairs. The backs of the Chairs have five horizontal wooden bars shaped to the contour of the human back. John, a college student, climbed up to the top bar of an ABC chair to reach the top shelf of bookcase. The chair tipped and John fell, suffering serious harm. John brings an action against ABC, alleging that the chair should either have had the stability to support him when standing on the top bar or have a differently designed back so that he could not use the bars for that purpose. Question:
What do you think about the John’s claim? Case Study 7
Willis Champlain Cable Corp. Background and Facts
Willis was employed to find buyers for Haveg Industries’ wire products.
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His agency contract permitted either party to terminate on 30 days’ notice. In the event of such a termination, the agreement entitled Willis to commissions only on orders accepted by Haveg up to and including the termination date.
During his employment, Willis convinced Boeing Company to choose Haveg’s product as its general-purpose wire. However, before Boeing made any orders, Haveg terminated Willis contract. Boeing’s first major order did not occur until more than a year and a half after this termination and the company continued to make major purchases during the next five years. Willis argued that Haveg terminated him in bad faith in order to avoidpaying his commissions on the Boeing orders. He sued Haveg to recover his commissions on all purchases made by Boeing during the five years following his termination. Issue
Is Willis entitled to the commissions as the procuring cause of the orders?
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