2023年12月四级真题 (3)

2023年12月四级真题

第一部分 阅读理解（共两篇，每篇5小题，共计10小题，每小题2分，共计20分） Passage 1 Questions 1-5

Read the following passage and answer the questions below. In recent years, urbanization has become a global trend. More and more people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of better job opportunities and living conditions. While urbanization brings many benefits, it also poses environmental challenges that need to be addressed.

One major challenge is air pollution. As cities grow, so do the number of vehicles and industrial facilities. This leads to an increase in the emission of pollutants such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, which have harmful effects on human health and the environment. Governments and city planners need to take immediate actions to reduce air pollution in urban areas. This can be done by improving public transportation to encourage people to use cars less frequently. Additionally, stricter regulations should be implemented to control emissions from factories and power plants.

Another challenge is the strain on natural resources. The rapid expansion of cities leads to a higher demand for

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resources such as water and energy. Cities need to find

sustainable ways to access and manage these resources. For example, implementing rainwater harvesting systems can help reduce water consumption. Moreover, switching to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce the reliance on non-renewable resources.

In conclusion, while urbanization offers economic

opportunities and improved living standards, it also brings environmental challenges. Governments and city planners need to prioritize sustainable development strategies to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization.

1. What is one major challenge posed by urbanization? 2. What are the harmful effects of the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides?

3. What measures can be taken to reduce air pollution in urban areas?

4. How does the rapid expansion of cities affect the demand for natural resources?

5. What strategies can governments and city planners prioritize to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization? Passage 2 Questions 6-10

Read the following passage and answer the questions below.

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In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has soared. With the convenience and variety it offers, online shopping has become the preferred method for many consumers. However, it also has its downsides.

One major downside is the impact on traditional brick-and-mortar stores. As more people turn to online shopping,

physical retail stores face declining sales and foot traffic. This has led to the closure of many stores and the loss of jobs. To adapt to this changing landscape, traditional retailers need to embrace digital technologies and create omnichannel

experiences that integrate both online and offline shopping. Another downside is the issue of product returns. Online shoppers often face challenges when it comes to returning items they are not satisfied with. The process can be time-consuming and costly, leading to frustration for consumers. Online retailers need to improve their return policies and make the process more user-friendly to enhance customer satisfaction.

Furthermore, online shopping raises concerns about

privacy and data security. Consumers are required to provide personal and financial information when making purchases online. It is essential for online retailers to invest in robust security measures to protect customer data from unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.

In conclusion, while online shopping offers convenience and variety, it also has negative implications for traditional retail stores and poses challenges in terms of product returns and data security. It is crucial for retailers to adapt and address

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these issues to ensure a positive online shopping experience for consumers.

6. What is one major downside of online shopping? 7. How can traditional retail stores adapt to the changing landscape?

8. What challenges do online shoppers face when it comes to product returns?

9. Why is data security important in online shopping? 10. What actions should online retailers take to enhance customer satisfaction?

第二部分 写作（共两题，第一题10分，第二题15分，共计25分）

题目1：The Benefits of Bilingual Education

Bilingual education refers to the education of students in two languages, usually their native language and a target language. Bilingual education has numerous benefits that

contribute to the overall development and success of students. Firstly, bilingual education enhances cognitive abilities. Research has shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, improved memory, and increased attention span. The constant switching between languages

stimulates the brain and helps develop higher thinking abilities.

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Secondly, bilingual education promotes cultural awareness and appreciation. When students learn another language, they also learn about the customs, traditions, and history associated with that language. This fosters cross-cultural understanding and encourages students to embrace diversity.

Furthermore, bilingual education improves communication skills. Bilingual students have the advantage of being able to communicate effectively and understand different perspectives. This skill is highly valued in a globalized world where international communication is becoming increasingly important.

In addition, bilingual education opens up more career opportunities. Many multinational companies and

organizations actively seek bilingual employees who can communicate with clients and partners from different

countries. Being bilingual enhances employability and offers a competitive edge in the job market.

In conclusion, bilingual education provides cognitive, cultural, and career benefits. It enhances cognitive abilities, promotes cultural awareness, improves communication skills, and opens up more career opportunities. It is clear that

bilingual education is a valuable asset for students in today’s globalized society.

题目2：The Impact of Social Media on Society

Social media has become an integral part of modern life, transforming the way people communicate, share information, and interact. While social media offers numerous benefits, it also has a significant impact on society.

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Firstly, social media has revolutionized communication. It allows people to connect and communicate with others across the globe within seconds. This has led to the formation of online communities, facilitating the exchange of ideas and creating opportunities for collaboration on a global scale. Secondly, social media has transformed the way information is disseminated. Traditional media outlets are no longer the sole source of news and information. Social media platforms enable anyone to share news and opinions, giving voice to a diverse range of perspectives. However, this also raises

concerns about the spread of misinformation and the lack of fact-checking.

Furthermore, social media has influenced social and

political movements. Movements such as the Arab Spring and #MeToo have gained momentum through the power of social media, enabling activists to organize and raise awareness on a large scale. However, social media can also be a platform for cyberbullying and harassment, highlighting the negative aspects of its influence.

In addition, social media has impacted mental health.

Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others’ highlight reels can contribute to low self-esteem and a distorted self-image.

In conclusion, social media has revolutionized

communication, transformed the spread of information, influenced social and political movements, and impacted mental health. It is essential for users to be mindful of their social media consumption and for society as a whole to address

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the challenges associated with its use to ensure a positive and healthy digital environment.

第三部分 翻译（共10句，每句2分，共计20分）

1. 关注可持续发展是当今社会的重要课题。

2. 为了解决交通拥堵问题，政府应该鼓励市民使用公共交通工具。

3. 电子支付已经取代了传统纸币和硬币，在现代社会中变得普遍。

4. 高效利用资源对减少浪费和环境保护至关重要。 5. 学习第二外语对个人的成长和职业发展都有很大的好处。

6. 人工智能技术正在快速发展，将在未来的许多领域起到重要作用。

7. 年轻人应该积极参与社会公益活动，为社会做出贡献。

8. 环境保护是全球性问题，需要国际合作来解决。

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9. 长时间使用电子设备对眼睛健康有负面影响，应该注意适度休息。

10. 学生应该通过参加实习来提升实际工作经验和专业技能。

第四部分 作文（共1题，满分30分） 题目：Traveling as a Means of Education

Traveling has long been considered an important means of education. It offers opportunities to explore new cultures, experience different ways of life, and gain a broader

understanding of the world. In this essay, I will discuss the educational benefits of traveling and why it is essential for personal growth.

Firstly, traveling exposes individuals to new cultures and traditions. It allows them to interact with people from different backgrounds, learn about their customs, beliefs, and values. This fosters cross-cultural understanding and promotes tolerance and respect for diversity. It broadens one’s perspective and challenges preconceived notions.

Secondly, traveling provides opportunities to learn about history and heritage. Visiting historical sites and landmarks offers a firsthand experience of the events that shaped our world. It brings history to life and encourages a deeper

understanding of the past. Moreover, it allows individuals to appreciate and preserve cultural heritage.

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Furthermore, traveling enhances language skills. When in a foreign country, individuals are exposed to different languages and have the opportunity to learn basic phrases and

communicate with locals. This improves language proficiency and provides practical language learning experiences. In addition, traveling cultivates independence and

adaptability. Navigating through unfamiliar places, dealing with unexpected situations, and learning to adapt to new environments all contribute to personal growth. It builds resilience, problem-solving skills, and self-confidence.

In conclusion, traveling is a valuable means of education that offers opportunities to explore new cultures, learn about history and heritage, enhance language skills, and foster personal growth. It is important to encourage and support travel as an educational experience for individuals seeking to broaden their horizons and gain a deeper understanding of the world.

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