大学英语四六级考试真题：2018年12月六级真题第一套

2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance work and leisure. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) It can benefit professionals and non-professionals alike. B) It lists the various challenges physicists are confronting. C) It describes how some mysteries of physics were solved. D) It is one of the most fascinating physics books ever written. 2. A) Physicists’ contribution to humanity. B) Stories about some female physicists. C) Historical evolution of modern physics. D) Women’s changing attitudes to physics. 3. A) By exposing a lot of myths in physics. B) By describing her own life experiences. C) By including lots of fascinating knowledge. D) By telling anecdotes about famous professors. 4. A) It avoids detailing abstract concepts of physics. B) It contains a lot of thought-provoking questions. C) It demonstrates how they can become physicists. D) It provides experiments they can do themselves.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) He is too busy to finish his assignment in time. B) He does not know what kind of topic to write on. C) He does not understand the professor’s instructions. D) He has no idea how to proceed with his dissertation. 6. A) It is too broad. B) It is a bit outdated. C) It is challenging. D) It is interesting. 7. A) Biography. B) Nature. C) Philosophy. D) Beauty. 8. A) Improve his cumulative grade. B) Develop his reading ability. C) Stick to the topic assigned. D) List the parameters first.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line

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through the centre.

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A) The unprecedented high temperature in Greenland. B) The collapse of ice on the northern tip of Greenland. C) The unusual cold spell in the Arctic area in October. D) The rapid change of Arctic temperature within a day. 10. A) It has created a totally new climate pattern. B) It will pose a serious threat to many species. C) It typically appears about once every ten years. D) It has puzzled the climate scientists for decades. 11. A) Extinction of Arctic wildlife. B) Iceless summers in the Arctic. C) Emigration of indigenous people. D) Better understanding of ecosystems.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) A good start. B) A detailed plan.

C) A strong determination. D) A scientific approach.

13. A) Most people get energized after a sufficient rest. B) Most people tend to have a finite source of energy.

C) It is vital to take breaks between demanding mental tasks. D) It is most important to have confidence in one’s willpower. 14. A) They could keep on working longer. B) They could do more challenging tasks.

C) They found it easier to focus on work at hand. D) They held more positive attitudes toward life. 15. A) They are part of their nature. B) They are subject to change. C) They are related to culture. D) They are beyond control.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) About half of current jobs might be automated.

B) The jobs of doctors and lawyers would be threatened. C) The job market is becoming somewhat unpredictable. D) Machine learning would prove disruptive by 2013.

17. A) They are widely applicable for massive open online courses. B) They are now being used by numerous high school teachers. C) They could read as many as 10,000 essays in a single minute. D) They could grade high-school essays just like human teachers. 18. A) It needs instructions throughout the process. B) It does poorly on frequent, high-volume tasks.

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C) It has to rely on huge amounts of previous data. D) It is slow when it comes to tracking novel things.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A) The engineering problems with solar power.

B) The generation of steam with the latest technology. C) The importance of exploring new energy sources. D) The theoretical aspects of sustainable energy. 20. A) Drive trains with solar energy. B) Upgrade the city’s train facilities.

C) Build a new ten-kilometre railway line. D) Cut down the city’s energy consumption. 21. A) Build a thank for keeping calcium oxide. B) Find a new material for storing energy. C) Recover super-heated steam. D) Collect carbon dioxide gas.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 22. A) The lack of supervision by both the national and local governments. B) The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad. C) The poor management of day centres and home help services. D) The poor relation between national health and social care services. 23. A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services. B) It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged. C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers. D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years. 24. A) Their longer lifespans.

B) Fewer home helpers available.

C) Their preference for private services. D) More of them suffering serious illnesses. 25. A) They are unable to pay for health services. B) They have long been discriminated against. C) They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases. D) They have contributed a great deal to society.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Just off the coast of Southern California sits Santa Cruz Island, where a magical creature called the island fox 26 . A decade ago, this island’s ecosystem was in 27 . Wild pigs attracted golden eagles from the mainland, and those flying 28 crashed the fox population. So the Nature Conservancy launched a 29 war against the pigs, complete with helicopters and sharp shooters.

And it worked. Today, federal agencies are pulling the island fox from the Endangered Species List. It’s the

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fastest-ever recovery of a mammal, joining peers like the Louisiana black bear as glowing successes in the history of the Endangered Species Act.

But the recovery of Santa Cruz Island isn’t just about the fox. The Nature Conservancy has 30 war on a multitude of invasive species here, from sheep to plants to the 31 Argentine ant. “Our philosophy with the island has always been, ‘OK, 32 the threats and let the island go back to what it was,’” says ecologist Christina Boser. And it appears to be working. Native plants are coming back, and the fox once again bounds about carefree.

But keeping those foxes from harm will occupy Boser and her colleagues for years to come. You see, humans are still allowed on Santa Cruz Island, and they bring dogs. So Boser has to vaccinate her foxes against various diseases. “We’re obligated to keep a pulse on the population for at least five years after the foxes are delisted,” says Boser. That includes tagging the foxes and 33 their numbers to ensure nothing goes wrong. This is the story of the little fox that has come back, and the people who have 34 their lives to protecting it. This is the story of wildlife conservation in the age of mass 35 . A)aggressive I）hinders B)chaos J)mammal C) configuration K) monitoring D)declared L）predators E)dedicated M）remove F)dwells N) tempt G)extinction O）underlying H) fierce

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Do Parents Invade Children’s Privacy When They Post Photos Online?

[A] When Katlyn Burbidge’s son was 6 years old, he was performing some ridiculous song and dance typical of a first-grader. But after she snapped a photo and started using her phone, he asked her a serious question:“Are you going to post that online?” She laughed and answered, “Yes, I think I will.” What he said next stopped her. “Can you not?”

[B] That’s when it dawned on her: She had been posting photos of him online without asking his permission. “We’re big advocates of bodily autonomy and not forcing him to hug or kiss people unless he wants to, but it never occurred to me that I should ask his permission to post photos of him online,” says Burbidge, a mom of two in Wakefield, Massachusetts. “Now when I post a photo of him online, I show him the photo and get his okay.”

[C] When her 8-month-old is 3 or 4 years old, she plans to start asking him in an age-appropriate way, “Do you want other people to see this?” That’s precisely the approach that two researchers advocated before a room of pediatricians (儿科医生) last week at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting, when they discussed the 21st century challenge of “sharenting,” a new term for parents’ online sharing about their children. “As advocates of children’s rights, we believe that children should have a voice about what information is shared about them if possible,” says Stacey Steinberg, a legal skills professor at the University of Florida Levin College of Law in Gainesville.

[D] Whether it’s ensuring that your child isn’t bullied over something you post, that their identity isn’t digitally “kidnapped”, or that their photos don’t end up on a half dozen child pornography (色情) sites, as one Australian mom discovered, parents and pediatricians are increasingly aware of the importance of protecting children’s digital presence.

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Steinberg and Bahareh Keith, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Florida College of Medicine, say most children will likely never experience problems related to what their parents share, but a tension still exists between parents’ rights to share their experiences and their children’s rights to privacy.

[E] “We’re in no way trying to silence parents’ voices,” Steinberg says. “At the same time, we recognize that children might have an interest in entering adulthood free to create their own digital footprint.” They cited a study presented earlier this year of 249 pairs of parents and their children in which twice as many children as parents wanted rules on what parents could share. “The parents said, ‘We don’t need rules—we’re fine,’ and the children said, ‘Our parents need rules,’” Keith says. “The children wanted autonomy about this issue and were worried about their parents sharing information about them.”

[F] Although the American Academy of Pediatrics offers guidelines recommending that parents model appropriate social media use for their children, it does not explicitly discuss oversharing by parents. “I think this is a very legitimate concern, and I appreciate their drawing our attention to it,” David Hill, a father of five, says. He sees a role for pediatricians to talk with parents about this, but believes the messaging must extend far beyond pediatricians’ offices. “I look forward to seeing researchers expand our understanding of the issue so we can translate it into effective education and policy,” he says.

[G] There’s been little research on the topic, Steinberg wrote in a law article about this issue. While states could pass laws related to sharing information about children online, Steinberg feels parents themselves are generally best suited to make these decisions for their families. “While we didn’t want to create any unnecessary panic, we did find some concerns that were troublesome, and we thought that parents or at least physicians should be aware of those potential risks,”

Steinberg says. They include photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means, identity theft, embarrassment, bullying by peers or digital kidnapping.

[H] But that’s the negative side, with risks that must be balanced against the benefits of sharing. Steinberg pointed out that parental sharing on social media helps build communities, connect spread-out families, provide support and raise awareness around important social issues for which parents might be their children’s only voice.

[I] A C.S. Mott survey found among the 56 percent of mothers and 34 percent of fathers who discussed parenting on social media, 72 percent of them said sharing made them feel less alone, and nearly as many said sharing helped them worry less and gave them advice from other parents. The most common topics they discussed included kids’ sleep, nutrition, discipline, behavior problems and day care and preschool.

[J] “There’s this peer-to-peer nature of health care these days with a profound opportunity for parents to learn helpful tips, safety and prevention efforts, pro-vaccine messages and all kinds of other messages from other parents in their social communities,” says Wendy Sue Swanson, a pediatrician and executive director of digital health at Seattle Children’s Hospital, where she blogs about her own parenting journey to help other parents. “They’re getting nurtured by people they’ve already selected that they trust,” she says.

[K] “How do we weigh the risks, how do we think about the benefits, and how do we alleviate the risks?” she says. “Those are the questions we need to ask ourselves, and everyone can have a different answer.”

[L] Some parents find the best route for them is not to share at all. Bridget O’Hanlon and her husband, who live in Cleveland, decided before their daughter was born that they would not post her photos online. When a few family members did post pictures, O’Hanlon and her husband made their wishes clear. “It’s been hard not to share pictures of her because people always want to know how babies and toddlers (学走路的孩子) are doing and to see pictures, but we made the decision to have social media while she did not,” O’Hanlon said. Similarly, Alison Jamison of New York decided with her husband that their child had a right to their own online identity. They did use an invitation-only photo sharing platform so that friends and family, including those far away, could see the photos, but they stood firm, simply refusing to put their child’s photos on other social media platforms.

[M] “For most families, it’s a journey. Sometimes it goes wrong, but most of the time it doesn’t,” says Swanson, who recommends starting to ask children permission to post narratives or photos around ages 6 to 8. “We’ll learn more and more what our tolerance is. We can ask our kids to help us learn as a society what’s okay and what’s not.”

[N] Indeed, that learning process goes both ways. Bria Dunham, a mother in Somerville, Massachusetts, was so excited to watch a moment of brotherly bonding while her first-grader and baby took a bath together that she snapped a few photos.

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But when she considered posting them online, she took the perspective of her son: How would he feel if his classmates’ parents saw photos of him chest-up in the bathtub? “It made me think about how I’m teaching him to have ownership of his own body and how what is shared today endures into the future,” Dunham says. “So I kept the pictures to myself and accepted this as one more step in supporting his increasing autonomy.”

36. Steinberg argued parental sharing online can be beneficial.

37. According to an expert, when children reach school age, they can help their parents learn what can and cannot be

done.

38. One mother refrained from posting her son’s photos online when she considered the matter from her son’s

perspective.

39. According to a study, more children than parents think there should be rules on parents’ sharing. 40. Katlyn Burbidge had never realized she had to ask her son’s approval to put his photos online. 41. A mother decided not to post her son’s photo online when he asked her not to.

42. A woman pediatrician tries to help other parents by sharing her own parenting experience. 43. There are people who decide simply not to share their children’s photos online.

44. Parents and physicians should realize sharing information online about children may involve risks.

45. Parents who share their parenting experiences may find themselves intruding into their children’s privacy.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. Commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. One prime example is one of Australia’s most isolated cattle stations, Suplejack Downs in the Northern Territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—Alice Springs.

The extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattended, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover.

However, robots are coming to the rescue.

Robots are currently under a two-year trial in Wales which will train “farmbots” to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify

conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature.

“You’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says Salah Sukkarieh of the University of Sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central New South Wales.

During the trials, the robot algorithms (算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps, and hills.

“We want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says Sukkarieh.

The robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. They have been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds.

Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. The robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms.

Of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural workers. However, it is farmers that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations.

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The robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. Future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently.

46. What may farmers be able to do with robots appearing on the farming scene? A)Upgrade farm produce B) Enjoy more leisure hours. C) Modify the genes of crops. D) Cut down farming costs.

47. What will “farmbots” be expected to do?

A)Take up many of the farmers’ routines. B)Provide medical treatments for livestock. C)Lead the trend in farming the world over. D)Improve the quality of pastures for grazing.

48. What can robots do when equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms?

A)Help farmers choose the most efficient and safest passages. B)Help farmers simplify their farming tasks and management. C)Allow farmers to learn instantly what is occurring on the farm. D)Allow farmers to give them real-time instructions on what to do. 49. Why are farmers pressing for robotic farming?

A)Farming costs are fast increasing. B)Robotics technology is maturing. C)Robotic farming is the trend. D)Labor short is worsening

50. What does the author think future farms will be like?

A)More and more automated. B)More and more productive. C)Larger and larger in scale. D)Better and better in condition.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage

The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors, not the least of which is a breakdown in the transmission of fundamental climate data to the general public, has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research.

The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for socially charged neuroscience issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior, the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, or the use of animal models, areas where the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing advances in individual genome (基因组) sequencing and the advent of personalized medicine, more non-scientists will need to be comfortable analyzing complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.

Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient transmission of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience,

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while adhering to scientific accuracy.

Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material to the point that the basic information conveyed is obscured or at worst, obviously wrong. The impact of a basic discovery on human health can be exaggerated so that the public thinks a miraculous cure is a few months to years away when in reality the significance of the study is far more limited.

Even though scientists play a part in transmitting information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. We believe that at least part of the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media, and exists because for one thing we

underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and for another most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

51. What does the example of climate change serve to show?

A)The importance of climate data is increasingly recognized. B)Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research. C)Government regulation helps the public understand science. D)Common folks’ scientific knowledge can sway policy making. 52. What should non-scientists do to ensure their quality of life?

A)Seek personalized medical assistance from doctors. B)Acquire a basic understanding of medical science. C)Have their individual genome sequenced. D)Make informed use of animal models.

53.Why is it important for scientists to build a good relationship with the media?

A)It helps them to effectively popularize new scientific information. B)It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science. C)It helps them to establish a more positive public image. D)It enables them to apply their findings to public health.

54.What does the author say is the problem with science journalism?

A)It is keen on transmitting sensational information. B)It tends to oversimplify people’s health problems.

C)It may give inaccurate or distorted information to the public. D)It may provide information open to different interpretations.

55.What should scientists do to impart their latest findings to the public more effectively?

A)Give training to science journalists. B)Stimulate public interest in science. C)Seek timely assistance from the media. D)Improve their communication skills.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博

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物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。

附1：

四六级英语阅读理解，再难逃不过这56条解题规律

都说“英语考试，得阅读者得天下”，今天给大家总结的56条阅读理解解题规律，条条实用，收藏起来好好学吧！

1. 原句重复出现，200%错。正确的一般都是有改动的，即同义替换。

2. 文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你可能做错了。

3. 选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的。（要有这个意识）。

4. 就一般而言，some people，表作者不认同的观点。few people，表作者的观点。

5. 用文章里举例的句子来做为选项，直接排除。200%错。（要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力）。

6. 某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分，很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。即题眼。

7. 有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。

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8. 文章基本以5段为主（也有6段、7段的），要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说哦。

9. 一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下！！

10. 每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。在英语考试中，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。

11. 若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。

12. 有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。

13. 在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的，要有连贯性。

14. 一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。若是，这个地方可能会出题。命出题的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。

15. 有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中出现，肯定是干扰项。你要知道的是，同义替换的句子，大都是长难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。在你读不懂的情况下，要有这个判断力。

16. 正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同义替换！！就

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看你能不能找得到。那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。

17. 每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。

18. 选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到一起的，直接排除。总之，选项的单词是拼凑的，有可能就是错的。

19. 一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。上面说了，英语往往大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是，长难句里，最可能出题的就是句子的主干部分！主干的主语、宾语是什么，一定要知道。正确选项的题眼往往就在这儿。当然，还有一些起修饰、限定作用的词，一定要看仔细。小心陷阱。

20. 若某个问题，是特别长的一个句子，一定要看清问的是什么，别打马虎眼。这是做题时需要留意的地方。

21. 注意问题的主语是谁，它和原文题眼的主语原则上是一致的。主语不一致，一般来说，都是错的。

22. 即第6条，某某人说的话，尤其特别长的句子，或者是带引号的。60%以上会出题。题眼就在这儿。这里又提了一遍，就是要引起你的重视。

24. 中国人出的题。多是总-分结构，或者总-分-总。所以每段开头结尾，都要注意。（这里指的是中间没有出现转折的段落）。整篇文章的开头结尾，也要重视。

25. 文章的结构，要么总-分或总-分-总，要么转折、对比，要么举例说明，就这么几个套路。

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26. 对选项中的“重点词”（即主语、宾语、修饰语）都要看清楚。有的时候，选项中，会对原文中本来正确的事做错误的修改，来做为干扰项。你要注意的是，选项句子的主语（与原文）是否一致、宾语是否符合原文意思，或者用一些牵强的修饰词，来做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。这是干扰项的特点之一。

27. 某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。做题时，要有这个意识。

28. 就某个词或者某个句子设问题，不用猜词。就一条，文章主旨！不用去研究这个词什么意思，把握主旨即可。全文主旨和段落主旨（前者更重要）。

29. 接着28条说，不管什么题型，上面说的还是其它别的题型。很绝对的说，反映主旨的肯定对，前提是你能确定它就是主旨。所以，文章读不太懂，但能把握作者想表达的意思即可。

30. 注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。这里出题的话，要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。前提是在你读不懂的情况下。

31. 凡是举例的，都是为了说明观点的。那么，这个观点（中心句），一般来说，会在举例之前就表达了。但有时候也在举例之后。总之，作者举例想说明的这个观点，你一定要找出来。

32. 排除2个选项以后，选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。不知道主旨就把握关键词。

33. 词汇题的正确答案，往往隐藏在原文的该处附近（就是那个同义替换词），原文这附近的句子，是并列关系或者解释说明句的，就从这些句子的关键词的相近意思去把握。是转折关系的，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。总之，你要找的就是那个关键词。和30条一起理解吧。

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34. 如果原文中出现“ A is B and C”。若某一问题，选项中出现了B没C，或者只出现C没B，肯定错，直接排除。可能你会问了，同时出现B and C 咋办？目前还没出现过这种情况。注意，这里说的B和C，是单词或者短语。这是干扰项的特点之一。实际情况是，这个句子不是题眼。

36. 注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。

37. 如果你对“关键词”比较蒙，或者你想问：我怎么知道哪个是关键词？解释一下，关键词就是句子中主干的宾语。尤其是一些你觉得比较重要的句子。这样的句子多数是长难句。一般来说，一个句子主干的主语、宾语，和其他的修饰部分，都是很重要的！宾语是主语的宾语，所以，和主语是要对上号的，对不上不行。（也就是26条的主语是否一致）。至于修饰的部分，干扰项常常在这里做手脚，比如会有一些特殊的限定，千万要留意，别疏忽了。

38. 什么是中心句？即反应文章的主旨和每一段的中心意思的一句话。这句话是客观存在的。也就是作者的观点。中心句即题眼，选出正确答案，看的就是中心句。只有中心句才能选出正确答案。所以，中心句不知道在哪，或者读不懂，很难选出正确答案。中心句的具体位置，见下条。

39. 很关键的一条，抓住每段的中心意思，也就是中心句。每段至少一句，最多2句。一般来说，总分结构的段落，中心句一般在段首。举例段一般在举例前后。转折段，中心句在出现转折的地方，或者后一句（一般来说在该段的第三行上下浮动）。再就是某某人说的话。要注意这句话和前后句的关系，是并列还是转折。然后来把握这句话的意思，把握不了就通过前后句是并列还是转折关系的关键词来把握。

40. 每个问题，要还原到文章具体的某一段落。若此问题在某段的后半部分，且你没有太看懂，这段已经完事了。要养成一个习惯。接着看一下段的第一句话。实在做不出来的话，就选那个和下一段第一句话的意思差不多的选项。只能这样了。（貌似是13条的重复）补充下，这只是小技巧，只起补

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充作用，有时候用不上。

41. 每段的第三行，一般来说，也是该段的第3句话（也可能是第2、4句话）。其特点是：句子很长，由两句或者两句以上组成，是个长难句。尤其是that mean ，the notion is that 之类的，一定要重视。要把握句子的主干。作者想说的是什么（把握作者强调的是哪个句子）。看清楚哪句话是为了修饰哪句话的。这样的句子，若出题的话，句子的主干就是正确选项。起补充修饰作用的一定要看清楚。每段最重要的三个地方：段首，段尾，和这儿。再就是带引号的。中心句一般就在这几个地方。其实也就这么几个地方。别的地方一般都是过渡句。

42. 若是转折段的话，要注意转折的那个句子，一般都是在41条的那个地方（即第三行上下浮动）。转折前后都要看，看对比的是什么。在看不懂的情况下，通过前面的，来翻译后面的（反向翻译），来找关键词。反之亦然。

43. 最后一段，主要看段首和段尾。（最后一段是转折段的情况很少）。若是叙事段的话，叙事部分以外的，重点看。叙事部分尽量看懂。非叙事部分非常重要。一般段首若出现答案的话，段尾可能会作干扰项（见最后一条），但也不是绝对的（有时段首段尾都会有答案的提示）。段尾若出现答案的话，段首可能会很普通。一定要把握哪一句话是重点，选项中有相近意思的不是片面的叙述，一般就是正确答案。要把握重点的句子提到的被说明对象（句子主干的宾语），也就是作者关注的。

44. 选项中出现ONLY 的，目前还没有对的。

45. 中心句特别长的，2小句组成，选项中这2句都出现了，怎么排除？反映主旨的是对的。就是作者关注的对象！还有一选项是对其进行具体的解释说明，或者补充，或是对主旨的一个具体现象的反应，或是对其造成的后果的叙述。这一选项一般会做错误的修改而作为干扰项（即使不做错误的修改也一样是干扰项）总之，这样的题，符合28、29条的就是对的。符合23条的，就是错的。

46. 一定要注意，谁是用来修饰谁的。起修饰作用的词或句子，来做选项，一般是错的。被修饰的那

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部分来做选项，一般是对的。

47. 因果关系的题，很直接、很简单的因果关系，直接排除。间接的因果，反映主旨的，可能是对的。总之，因果关系的题，把握主旨就可以了。文中提到的直接因果，如具体的事或是什么的。都是干扰项。

48. 47的补充，正确选项反应的，往往是实质的，根本的内容。选项反应的若是很具体的某一表现，一般都是干扰项。

49. 干扰项有时出现的生词（可能是你不认识的），是与文章主题无关的词，而非同义替换。（这就需要你的基本功了）

50. 新趋势，有些题要懂文章才能做出来。读不懂很难选出来。而且，长难句明显增多。有时，它会让你崩溃到单词都认识，却不知道文章说的是什么。这时候什么技巧都不好使了。所以，一定要提高基本功。起码你要知道文章大概说的是啥，也就是谁和谁的关系。任何一篇文章的主旨，基本上都可以用“谁和谁的关系”来概括。

51. 通过首段或者前两段，来把握信息点。也就是作者想说的，是谁和谁的关系？

52. 接着上面说，一篇文章谈的是什么，或者说“谁与谁的关系”，一定要弄懂。这个具体的什么“关系”弄不懂的话，“谁与谁”一定要弄明白。比如，一篇文章说的是A与B之间如何如何。若问题问你A，选项有B的，往往就是正确答案。若问你B，你就可以先把没有A的选项排除。

53. 最新趋势：最后一段，段尾很明显不是总结，而是以补充为主的句子。注意，这里可能会以干扰项的形式出现。

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54. 如上所说，中心句出现的地方无非就是段首、段中、段尾，或者带引号的句子。但是，这也是干扰项常常出现的地方。所以，你的基本功，对文章理解的程度，是你必须具备的能力。任何一门考试都有技巧，但是想拿理想的分数，光靠技巧是不现实的。

55. 有的时候，你会遇到出现2到3个否定词的句子。否定再否定，或者否定否定再否定。遇到了，尤其是3重否定的，基本上这里会设题，这句话里的关键词一定要找出来。这个地方是要练的，到时候出现了，别蒙，别犯怵。

56. however 后面的句子一定要重视。比如有一年的其中一篇的3个题，题眼都是however 后面的句子。所以，这个词一定要敏感。

附2：四六级单词速记

英语四六级单词记忆技巧

其实很多同学在记忆单词的过程中已经发现这个规律了，但是可能没有时间静下心来好好总结，没关系，在这里，我们可以重新审视一下这个规律。一般来说，英语单词的读音是非常重要的，而且也是很有规律的，也就是说，某一些特定的字母或者字母组合，往往都是发某个特定的或某一组特定的音，

举个例子：competition,emotion,addition,ambition,creation,relation等等这样的词，我们读一遍就会发现，这些名词都有着相同的词尾-tion，而且这个词尾都无一例外地发/∫n/，这就给我们一个提示，如果遇到一些名词是以/∫n/结尾的话，那么它的词尾很有可能就是-tion，这样的话，我们的记忆就从一个一个的字母上升到了一个字母组合，而产生这些字母组合的原因，就是因为相同的发音。再比如：import,export,report,support,port,resort,这一系列的单词中，字母组合-ort都出

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现了/ɔ:rt/这个发音，所以同样的，/ɔ:rt/这个发音组合很有可能就拼写为ort。这样的

例

子

还

有

很

多

，

比

如

：

picture,structure,architecture,culture,furniture,puncture,字母组合-ture就肯定是发音/t∫er/等等，一旦我们掌握这些规律，再结合原单词的记忆，那么这个单词的拼写就会记忆的很牢固，因为一旦遇到这样的发音，脑海中总是会浮现出特定的字母组合，帮助我们记忆单词，这样就可以把散乱不堪的字母变成一组一组的字母组合，减少我们记忆的负担，用这个方法记忆单词，将会事半功倍。

很多单词中，我们经常会见到一些常见的词根词缀，有时候虽然单词数量多，但是大多数都是由一个我们知道的单词加上特定的词根词缀来合成的，比如like，dislike;agree，disagree;这样的情况，我们不难看出，它是由原词加上一个否定前缀-dis来合成的，这样的单词算不上是生词，而只是衍生词，所以如果我们一旦识别了这样的词缀，那么生词的数量对于我们来说将会大大下降，那我们的几亿人武部也就轻松了许多吗?

比起记忆浩如烟海的单词来说，记忆几个词根词缀就算不了什么了。我们中学里常见的词根词缀主要有以下一些：-dis，表示与原词反义;non-表示对原词的否定;un-也表示原词的反义;re-表示原词的动作或者意义的重复，比如locate-relocate(搬家)，move-remove(删除)，write-rewrite(重写)，cite(引述)-recite(反复引述-背诵);ex-，表示向外出去的，有时候也表示前任….，im-，表示向内进入的，比如export，就是出口的意思，进口则是import，或者表示前妻，ex-wife，前女友ex-girlfriend;-ology表示学科，比如geology,biology,sociology(社会学)，psychology(心理学)，meteorology(气象学)，anthropology(人类学)等等，这样的例子还有很多，我们在记忆单词的时候，要做一个有心人，那么这些规律便不难发现，掌握了一些基本的词根词缀，我们都能够很快猜测出一些生词的含义，更不用说简单的记忆单词了，这不仅对于记单词是有个行之有效的方法，对于阅读题和完形填空题

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的解答，也有益处。

同学们往往会专门腾出一块时间来记忆单词，这样做当时的效果可能会好，但是随着记忆曲线的下降，第二天，第三天，一周以后，可能你又忘记了很多词，这样一来，不仅时间花的不值，效果也大打折扣，给自信心一次沉重的打击，甚至还可能记单词产生抵触心理，这样就会产生恶性循环，这绝不是我们想看到的。当然，花整块时间去记单词的同学精神可嘉，但是我们提倡的是：单词不是靠一两遍就记下来的，而是靠无数次重复而留下的印象，这样的印象才是比较牢靠的。

所以，如果你手边有一本单词书，那么没有必要专门花一整块的时间去一个词一个词，一个单元一个单元地去记，我们需要记单词是的时间是这样的时间：茶余饭后10分钟，课间休息5分钟，午睡前面10分钟，洗漱以后10分钟，饭后散步10分钟，总之就是一句话，这些都是零碎的时间，而零碎的时间记忆单词效果反而会更好，因为此时你的大脑处于放松的状态，事实证明，神经紧绷，大脑处于高度紧张状态下的记忆效果是不理想的，所以我提倡大家利用散碎的时间记忆单词。当然，时间散碎并不意味着记忆的内容散碎，我们还是要制定计划，比如每天记忆20个单词，这20个单词我分别利用今天的饭后散步和洗漱之后的时间搞定，睡前再重复一遍就可以，没有记住的单词没必要去拼命想，要知道重复的力量是可怕的，只要我们不断的重复，再难的单词我们也能记住。

重要的事情说三遍!还是上面那句话，一本单词书，如果你看得很仔细，只看到第10遍，那么效果一定不如虽然看的不太仔细，但是看了10遍甚至20遍的同学，原因很简单，重复出奇迹，任何事情都经不起重复，一旦重复的次数达到一定的数量级，就会产生质的飞跃。

所以，大家看单词书的时候，不要停留在一个一个的生词上，而是尽量放宽视野，把书读多翻几遍，每翻一遍就加深一次印象，没翻一遍就消灭几个“老大难”，很快，这本书快翻烂的时候，你会惊讶地发现你甚至已经可以把例句都记下来了，这就是最

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好的效果。提到例句，我还有一点建议，那就是认真地看例句，把这个单词的用法搞清楚，一旦会用这个单词了，那么记忆起来会容易得多，这是一个心理作用，但是对于我们记单词很有帮助。大家如果可以在平时的写作，造句中主动使用这些词，用不了多久你就会发现，这个单词越来越简单，越来越顺眼，其实没有什么奇怪的，正如卖油翁说的那句话：“无他，但手熟耳!”