2010年12月最新英语四级模拟题 试题 (5)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Smoking Be Completely Banned. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 有人赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是„„ 2. 有人不赞同完全禁止吸烟，理由是„„

3. 我的看法。

Should Smoking Be Completely Banned

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

(15 minutes)

Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D]. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given

in the passage.

Space

Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!

We are all space travelers. But we’ve stayed close to home until now. One day, we may leave our “mothership” Earth to make our home among

the stars.

A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles in diameter, is speeding through the solar system right now. It is cruising at an

incredible 66,600 miles per hour.

It’s not a giant, Star Wars mothership. It’s spaceship Earth, the home of over four billion people. This watercoated spaceship has been traveling through the universe for about five billion years. Only within the past 25 years, however, have some of its passengers broken free

of Earth’s gravity.

But 25 years from now, many people, including you, might live in an

orbiting space station 200 miles above the Earth.

Space Cities

Scientists have already designed special space factories. These factories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) to produce everything from life-saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.

Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms, schools, and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, of people will live, work, play—even go to school, far above the Earth.

Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars,

and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn. Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 10, left our solar system forever. And astronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States have lived

in space stations.

The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatest adventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more than a

great adventure. Some scientists think the conquest of space may be a

necessity for survival of the human species.

We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get raw materials for industry. And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture products that we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our lives more comfortable, and from electricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece

of our planet’s natural environment.

Why Go into Space?

Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet-like bodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. These metals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and space stations. Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity for

manufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions. Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modern industry uses many kinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that are better for certain purposes than pure metals). Yet some metal alloys either can’t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because of gravity. For instance, certain metals don’t mix well on Earth. But in zero gravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is because there is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter ones float on

top.

From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study the atmosphere,

its weather, and the effects of air pollution.

And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our future homes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel to

distant planets.

But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer space can also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have to protect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation. Cosmic rays are tiny highenergy particles from outer space. Again, the

Earth shields us from most of them.

At Home in Space?

But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed to much stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, in the zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and become weaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out in space. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losing calcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive you batty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you might not feel as well as you’d

like to. Space travel could make you seasick!

Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earth-like environment will be built in space. And they will be populated by people with many different interests: medicine, construction,

farming, teaching, mining, and so on.

The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures, exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leave

Earth—perhaps forever.

Aging in Space

Suppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 miles per second. For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If he travels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously) and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turned around instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed to himself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he had been absent for

30 years.

Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behind a twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but his stay-at-home twin brother would be 60. That is why the “clock paradox”,

is sometimes called the “twin paradox”.

Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed, and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditions aren’t

quite as clearcut as just described.

1.The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.

[A]the outer space[B]a man-made spaceship [C]the planet Earth[D]the Star Wars mother-ship

2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conqueringwithin

the past 25 years.

[A]the universe[B]Earth’s gravity

[C]the earth [D]outer space

3.We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following space

except.

[A]the moon[B]Venus[C]Jupiter[D]Mars

4.Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?

[A]Because it is full of challenges for human beings. [B]Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive. [C]Because it is the greatest adventure in human history. [D]Because it is more exciting than any other adventures. 5.The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .

[A]size and moving ways [B]comfortable living conditions

[C]rich and valuable metals[D]solar energy

6.Why can’t ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously

as it does in space places?

[A]Because the Earth’s atmosphere can make ultraviolet light less

harmful.

[B]Because ultraviolet can’t reach the Earth at all. [C]Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiating

ultraviolet light.

[D]Because other space places is near from those planets radiating

ultraviolet light.

7.In spite of many risks, scientists will finally buildin space

suitable for humans to live.

[A]an environment without ultraviolet light

[B]a lot of homes [C]an Earth-like environment [D]an environment with atmosphere

8.The reason some metal alloys can’t be made on Earth is that the heavier metals ___________together with the lighter ones. 9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun’s energy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into_____________ , for

creating comfortable living conditions.

10.According to the author,__________________ will be caused to a man

in gravity-free space.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

SectionA

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

centre.

11.[A]Tennis equipment. [B]Volleyball equipment. [C]Football equipment. [D]Basketball equipment. 12.[A]He must meet his teacher. [B]He must attend a class. [C]He must go out with his girlfriend.

[D]He must stay at school to finish his homework.

13.[A]It’s not as good as it was.[B]It’s better than it used to be. [C]It’s better than people say.[D]It’s even worse than people say.

14.[A]Because he doesn’t like football.

[B]Because Maria fell ill. [C]Because he didn’t have the time. [D]Because Maria can’t stand football.

15.[A]A temporary job. [B]A permanent job. [C]Some money for the vacation. [D]Some money for the university fees. 16.[A]The woman did most of the talking. [B]The man did most of the talking. [C]The woman was wearing a black sweater. [D]The man and the woman had dark hair. 17.[A]A sunny day. [B]A raincoat. [C]An attractive hut. [D]A lovely hat.

18.[A]Librarian and student. [B]Operator and caller. [C]Boss and secretary.[D]Customer and repairman.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19.[A]The benefits of strong business competition.

[B]A proposal to lower the cost of production. [C]Complaints about the expense of modernization. [D]Suggestions concerning new business strategies.

20.[A]It costs much more than its worth. [B]It should be brought up-to-date. [C]It calls for immediate repairs. [D]It can still be used for a long time.

21.[A]The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency. [B]A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory.

[C]The entire staff should be retrained. [D]Bettereducated employees should be promoted. 22.[A]Their competitors have long been advertising on TV.

[B]TV commercials are less expensive.

[C]Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient.

[D]TV commercials attract more investments.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23.[A]Searching for reference material. [B]Watching a film of the 1930s’.

[C]Writing a course book.

[D]Looking for a job in a movie studio.

24.[A]It’s too broad to cope with. [B]It’s a bit outdated.

[C]It’s controversial.[D]It’s of little practical value.

25.[A]At the end of the online catalogue.

[B]At the Reference Desk. [C]In the New York Times.

[D]In the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and[D].Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a

single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26.[A]The liberation movement of British women. [B]Rapid economic development in Britain. [C]Changing attitudes to family life. [D]Reasons for changes in family life in Britain. 27.[A]Because millions of men died in the war. [B]Because women had proved their worth. [C]Because women were more skillful than men. [D]Because factories preferred to employ women. 28.[A]The concept of “the family” as a social unit.

[B]The attitudes to birth control. [C]The attitudes to religion. [D]The ideas of authority and tradition.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29.[A]Synthetic fuel. [B]Solar energy.

[C]Alcohol.[D]Electricity.

30.[A]Air traffic conditions. [B]Traffic jams on highways.

[C]Road conditions.[D]New traffic rules.

31.[A]Go through a health check. [B]Take little luggage with them.

[C]Arrive early for boarding. [D]Undergo security checks.

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

32.[A]Washing plates. [B]Clearing tables. [C]Shining shoes. [D]Sweeping the floor. 33.[A]He must work six days a week. [B]He should never be late for work. [C]He must study hard in his spare time.

[D]He should not bring his friends to the restaurant.

34.[A]To pay him for his work.

[B]To let him have 3 meals a day in the restaurant.

[C]To give his friends free drinks. [D]To allow him to have more free time.

35.[A]Because the boy was not a fulltime worker.

[B]Because the boy had made some mistakes.

[C]Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements.

[D]Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should

check what you have written.

Americans are proud of the (36)_________achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and (37)___________for such diseases as polio and tuberculosis. They have learned a great deal about (38)____________and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best (39)___________medical facilities

in the world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.

Medical costs in the United States are very high. There is a

(40)___________health plan for Americans. But there are many programs (41)_________for this purpose. Many people have health plans at the companies where they work. Under these plans, the company pays a fixed

(42)___________of money regularly into a fund. Then when the (43)_________________needs medical help, he can use money from the fund

to pay for it.

Other people have health insurance.

(44)______________________________. In some medical plans, the insurance

company is also the medical institution.

(45)__________________________________.Then when they need medical treatment, they go to the hospital without paying more money. (46)____________________________________. These programs make medical care available to those without their own health insurance.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words

in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. There’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 47 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 48 for fossil fuels?

Global warming can seem too 49 to worry about, or too

uncertain-something projected by the same computer 50 that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that

a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 51 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our

lifestyles.

Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 52 is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is 53 , rivers are running dry,

and coasts are , threatening communities.

The 55 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the 56 of the

planet.

[A]remote[B]techniques[C]consisting[D]rest[E]willing [F]climate[G]skill[H]appetite[I]melting[J]vanishing [K]eroding[L]temperature[M]curiosity[N]changes[O]skillful

SectionB

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with

a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us

is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define

success broadly.

For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has selfconfidence it would be unfortunate to set one’s goals at too low a level of achievement.

A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given

your best effort.”

57.In the first paragraph, the author implies that____________are

essential in achieving success.

[A]ability and goals [B]goals and determination [C]ability and environment [D]goals and environment

58.The word “frugal”(Line 2, Para. 2) means_________.

[A]wealthy [B]wasteful [C]thrifty [D]miserable

59.Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful

because___________.

[A]their life is miserable [B]they do not live in peace [C]their goals are too low [D]they are not rich enough by their own

standards

60.The last paragraph implies that___________.

[A]we should have high goals [B]success means achieving great goals [C]success means taking a walk in the park

[D]success means trying one’s best at what one really likes

61.This passage mainly talks about___________. [A]the definition of success [B]how to achieve success

[C]how to set goals [D]the importance of goals

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning

reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct

effectively.

The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher

put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.

However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior. Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes

that decoding is the logical and necessary first step. 62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading

correctly is_____________ .

[A]only logical and natural[B]the expected position

[C]probably a mistake [D]merely effective instruction 63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach

because___________ .

[A]it overlooks decoding[B]Rudolf Flesch agrees with him [C]he says it is boring [D]many schools continue to use this method .One major difference between the looksay method of learning

reading and the phonics method is____________ . [A]looksay is simpler[B]phonics takes longer to learn [C]looksay is easier to teach [D]phonics gives readers access to

far more words

65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably

means________ .

[A]talk about shortly [B]start or cause

[C]compare with [D]oppose

66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true? [A]Phonics approach regards wholeword method as unimportant.

[B]The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

[C]In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ

decoding.

[D]Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus

the vast majority of most common words can be learned.

Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line

through the centre.

Methods of studying vary; what works 67 for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment 68 you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure: 69 else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through college. Meantime, there are a few rules that 70 for everybody. The hint is “don’t get 71 ”.The problem of studying, 72 enough to start with, becomes almost 73 when you are trying to do three 74 in one weekend. 75 the fastest readers have trouble 76 that. And if you are behind in written work that must be 77 , the teacher who accepts it 78 late will probably not give you good credit. Perhaps he may not accept it 79 . Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no 80 . Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t 81 one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz. And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the 82 of the others, either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder that they think, they should 83 all their time to it. 84 the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this 85 , begin with the shortest and easiest 86 . Get them out of the way and then go

to the more difficult, time consuming work. 67.[A]good[B]easily[C]sufficiently[D]well

68.[A]until[B]after[C]while[D]so

69.[A]somebody[B]nobody[C]everybody[D]anybody

70.[A]follow[B]go[C]operate[D]work 71.[A]behind[B]after[C]slow[D]later 72.[A]hardly[B]unpleasant[C]hard[D]heavy

73.[A]improbable[B]necessary[C]impossible[D]inevitable 74.[A]week’s work[B]weeks’ works[C]weeks’ work[D]week’ s works

75.[A]Even[B]Almost[C]If[D]With 76.[A]to do[B]doing[C]at doing[D]with doing 77.[A]turned in[B]tuned up [C]turned out[D]given in

78.[A]very[B]quite[C]such[D]too 79.[A]anyway[B]either[C]at all[D]that 80.[A]solution[B]method[C]answer[D]excuse 81.[A]help[B]encourage[C]assist[D]improve 82.[A]expense[B]pay[C]debt[D]charge 83.[A]devote[B]put[C]spend[D]take

84.[A]Whichever[B]Whatever[C]However[D]Wherever 85.[A]attraction[B]decision[C]temptation[D]dilemma 86.[A]arrangements[B]way[C]assignments[D]class

Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating

into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87.Not only___________________ (他向我收费太高)，but he didn’t do

a good repair job either.

88.The murderer_________________ (混在人群当中)with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance. .The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are_____________ (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).

90.That Canadian speaks

Chinese_________________________________________ (和他说英语一样流

利).

91.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she

was __________________(忙着准备) her examination. 2009年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题答案(八)

2009-12-14 【大 中 小】 我要收藏 我要评论(0) 进入四级论坛>>

Part I Writing 【写作思路】

本文要求写一篇针对吸烟问题的议论文。要求写出赞同禁止吸烟、反对禁止

吸烟以及自己对待这个问题的看法。

【参考范文】

Should Smoking Be Completely Banned?

Some people maintain that smoking should be completely banned.In their opinions, smoking is harmful not only to the smokers but also to the people around.Moreover, smoking is a waste of money.When one smokes

a cigarette, he/she is actually burning money.

Other people do not agree.They believe that smoking helps to sharpen one’s mind and prevents one from sleeping.And smoking does not seem to shorten one’s life since many people who smoke live a long life.Also the

government gets a lot of money from cigarette taxes.

In my view, everyone has the right to choose his/her own way of life, but one does not have the right to impose his/her way of life on other people.So smoking in public places should be banned but in some areas it

can be allowed.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

【全文翻译】

我们都是太空游客。但是直到如今，我们仍然离家很近。总有一天，我们会

离开我们的“母亲船”——地球——在一些星球上安家落户。 现在，一个直径大约8,000英里的巨大球形“宇宙飞船”正飞驰在太阳系

中。其巡航速度简直不可思议，每小时达66,600英里。

它不是《星球大战》中的母亲船这样的庞然大物，而是地球这艘太空船，上面载有40亿人。这艘由水覆盖的太空飞船一直在宇宙中遨游了大约50亿年。然

而，就在过去的25年里，有一些乘客摆脱了地球的重力。 今后25年，许多人，包括你，可能会生活在一个距离地球200英里的轨道

空间站上。

空间城市

科学家们已经设计出特殊的空间工厂。这些工厂将充分利用无重力(零重力

状态)来制造从挽救生命的药物到完美的滚珠轴承的任何东西。 其他科学家也设计出拥有农尝学校和人造昼夜的太空居民区。成百上千、甚至成千上万的人将会在这些远离地球的太空居民区生活、工作和玩耍。 当然我们对太空的征服已经开始了。我们已经登上了月球，把机器人宇宙飞

船送上了金星和火星，展开了对木星和土星的空间探测。

去年6月，先锋10号机器人飞船飞出了太阳系，苏联和美国的宇航员也居

住在了空间站。

毫无疑问，征服太空是人类着手进行的最伟大的历险之一，但它远不止是一个伟大的历险。科学家们认为，征服太空可能是人类生存的需要。 为了获得工业原料，我们对地球造成越来越多的破坏。在生产我们所需或想要的产品时，我们污染了空气和水。几乎所有一切看起来使我们的生活更舒适的

东西，从电能到杀虫剂，都部分地消耗或改变了地球的自然环境。

为什么要进入太空?

我们的太阳系资源丰富。月球上储藏着大量的贵重金属，位于火星和木星之间的大多数小行星也如此。这些小行星类似行星，围绕着太阳旋转，体积孝岩石多。如果我们能获得这些金属，可以用它们来制造工厂和空间站。此外，太空中没有能过滤太阳能的空气，可以把丰富的太阳能转变成电能并用于生产，从而创

造舒适的生活条件。

远离地球还有其他一些优点。现代工业使用多种金属合金(符合特定目的而比纯金属更好的金属混合物)，但是受地心引力的作用，有些金属合金或者不能在地球上制造，或者价格非常昂贵。例如，某些金属在地球上不能融合。但是，在零重力状态下，熔化的(热的、液态的)金属融合的更均匀，原因是没有使较重

金属下沉而较轻金属上浮的重力。

此外，我们可以从太空中俯视地球，研究大气、天气和空气污染带来的影响。 再者，我们未来远离地球的家不存在需要挣脱的强大重力，所以我们去遥远

行星的旅游将变得很方便。

虽然进住太空可能会解决一些问题，但是外层空间也可能会是一个危险的地方。例如，在外层空间中，我们必须保护自己免受紫外线和宇宙射线的危险。虽然阳光中的紫外线会使我们遭受严重的日光灼伤，但是地球上的大气却可以遮挡大部分的这种有害辐射。而且，地球还可以保护我们避免遭受大部分来自外层空

间的高能微粒这些宇宙射线的伤害。

无拘无束的太空?

如果在太空中没有特殊的保护，我们会暴露在更强的紫外线和宇宙射线的辐射中。同时，在零重力的外层空间，我们的骨头会因为失钙而变得更加脆弱。人们在太空中呆的时间越久，这个问题就越严重。医生们正在研究一种方法，以避免我们骨头中的钙在外层空间丢失。在小宇宙飞船中坐一会可能“让你抓狂”。 在外层空间，即使是短暂的旅行，你也可能感觉不像想象的那样舒服，太空旅行

能让你晕船!

然而，这些风险不会阻止人们进入太空。人们最终将会在太空建立起跟地球一样的空间环境，其中居住着许多人，他们有不同的兴趣领域，例如医药、建筑、

农业、教学和矿山等等。

未来的百年间将充满历险、令人兴奋的科学发明和危险，人类也将离开地球

——可能永远地。 空间的年龄计算

假设一个太空旅行者的速度是每秒186,200英里，那么他每过1小时，就等同于地球上的30小时。如果他以这种方式(及时加速)旅游一年，然后以同样的速度(及时加速)转身返回，他会发现，自己看来好像旅游了两年，但地球上的人

声称他已经离开了三十年。

假设这个太空旅行者是在30岁时离开地球的，当时留下了一个年龄30岁的孪生兄弟。当他年满32岁回来的时候，其呆在家里的孪生兄弟却60岁了。这就

是为什么“时钟佯谬”有时也被称为“孪生佯谬”的原因。 当然，要加速到一定的高速度需要相当长的一段时间，要掉头并再次转回来

也需要很长的一段时间，所以情况并不像描述的那么简单。

【答案解析】

1.【解析】[C]属细节推断题。根据题干的意思，本文中提到的巨大的球形宇宙飞船是指什么?根据本文第一个小标题下的第二段首句“A giant, spherical “spaceship”, about 8,000 miles...”和第三段的首句“It’s not a giant, Star Wars mothership. It’s spaceship Earth...”，其中

的“it”指代的就是“a giant, spherical ‘spaceship’”，由此可以知道C项是正确答案。其它选项虽然在文中均有提及，但都不是该题的正确答案。 2.【解析】[B]属细节推断题。题干中的past 25 years 是关键词，直接定位到第一个小标题下第三段的最后一句话“Only within the past 25 years, ... its passengers broken free of Earth’s gravity”。通过比较可知，该题干是对原句的改写，答案应该是C，可以直接选择。其它选项原文中都有提及，但

是与该题均无关，不是正确答案。

3.【解析】[C]属同义转换题，注意本是一种排除性选择题。分析题干，本题考查人类还没有征服或者探索过的空间;或者，根据题支中的四个备选项，可以将该题的答案定位在小标题“Space Cities”下的第三段的最后一句话，“We have explored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface of Venus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter and Saturn”，可知C是正确答案。其它选项文中均有提及，都是人类已经征服或者

探索过的空间，不是正确答案。

4.【解析】[B]属同义转换题。根据题干中关键词“more than a great adventure”，可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Space Cities”下的第五段的最后两句话，“... more than a great adventure... may be a necessity for survival of the human species”。其中，第二句是对第一句的解释，而题支

B正是 该句的同义互换，所以答案选B项。其它选项在文中均未提及。 5.【解析】[C]属细节推断题。题干中 是“asteroids” 关键词，答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”之下的第一段的第二、三句话“The moon is chockfull of valuable metals. So are the asteroids...”。其中“so”表示前面与前句话的内容相同。题干对这两句话做了综合，并进行了同义互换，经推断可知C是正确答案。答案A文中没有提及，答案B和D均与题干要

求不符。

6.【解析】[A]属同义转换题。根据题干中关键词“ultraviolet light”，答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”下的最后一段的倒数第三、四句话，“Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right

here on Earth. Yet, Earth’s atmosphere screens out most of that harmful radiation”这与选项A的意思一致，所以答案选A项。选项B本身就是错误的，

选项C和D在文中均没有提及。

7.【解析】[C]属同义转换题。题干中的“risks”是关键词，可以将答案定位在“At Home in Space”这一小节下的第二段的前两句话，“Yet, these risks won’t keep people from going into space. Eventually, an Earthlike environment will be built in space”。题干是对这两句话的综合和同义互换，

由此可知选项C是正确答案。其它选项原文均未提及。

8.【解析】do not mix well根据Why Go into Space 中的第二段的第三、

四句话，可以得到我们所需要的答案。

9.【解析】electricity for manufacturing根据Why Go into Space 的第

一段得出该题目答案。

10.【解析】the losing of calcium根据At Home in Space 第一段第四句

话找出题目所需要的答案。也可以写the loss of calcium。

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11.W:It’s high time we increased our supplies of football equipment.Volleyball and tennis are both out of fashion.

M:I couldn’t agree more. Q:Which should they increase?

【解析】[C] 女士说是时候该增加足球设备的供应了，排球和网球都过时了。男士说我再同意不过了。本题关键是听懂It’s high time 和out of fashion

这两个固定短语。

12.W:John, do you want to go swimming with me today?

M:Sure, but I can’t leave now.I have an appointment with my professor

at 3 o’clock.

Q:Why can’t John go swimming now?

【解析】[A] 男士说他三点与他的老师有个会面。I have an appointment

with my professor at 3 o’clock.从这句可以得出答案。

13.M:Is this school really as good as people say?

W:It used to be even better.

Q:How’s the school?

【解析】[A] 男士问这座学校真的像人们说的那样好么。女士回答说它过去更好些。因此，即是说这座学校不如过去好了，从这得出对这座学校的评价。

14. W:Did you watch the game yesterday?

M:I wanted to, but Marie was watching a movie on Channel 5, so I watched

it with her.You know Marie, she can’t stand football.

Q:Why didn’t the man watch the game?

【解析】[D]本题关键在于听出玛丽亚受不了足球这句 You know Maria, she can’t stand football.因此，男士虽然本想看球赛的，但是玛丽亚在看五频道

的一个电影，他就跟她一起看了那个电影。

15.M:Good morning, I’m Jim Green.My father asked me to come over and

see you about a vacation job.

W:Oh, come in, Jim.I haven’t seen you for ages.I hear you’re at the

university now. Q: What does Jim want?

【解析】[A] 男士说他父亲叫他来这儿问关于一个假期工作的事。女士说她很久都没见到他了，她听说他现在上大学呢。这个叫吉姆的男士还是学生，他想

找个假期的兼职做。因此，他想找的是一份暂时的工作。 16.M:Could you describe the two people who robbed the bank? W:Well, the man was tall with dark hair and he was wearing a black sweater.The main thing that I remembered about the woman was that she did

most of the talking.

Q:What do you learn from this conversation?

【解析】[A] 男士问能否形容一下抢劫银行的两个人的外貌。女士说那个男的个子高，深色头发，穿一件黑色毛衣，关于那个女的主要就是抢劫时她说的话比较多。The main thing that I remembered about the woman was that she did

most of the talking.从这句中可以得出答案。

17.M:Is that nicelooking straw hat light and strong?

W:Yes, you can wear it rain or shine. Q: What are they talking about?

【解析】[D] 这句关键在于听出nicelooking straw hat一顶非常好看

的草帽，可以得出两人讨论的是一顶好看的帽子lovely hat。

18.W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?

M:I’ll call you when it’s ready.But it shouldn’t take longer than

a week.

Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers? 【解析】[D] 女士问修好我的手表要多长时间，男士说修好的时候他会打电话给她，但是不会花一个多星期的时间。从这个对话里可以看出说话者之间是顾

客和修表人之间的关系。

Now you’ll hear two long conversations.

Conversation One W: Hello, Gary.How’re you? M: Fine! And yourself?

W:Can’t complain.Did you have time to look at my proposal?

M: No, not really.Can we go over it now?

W:Sure.I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies.First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory.New equipment should have been installed

long ago.

M: How much will that cost?

W:We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars

all the way up to half a million.

M:OK.We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance. W:We should also consider human resources.I’ve been talking to

personnel as well as our staff at the factory.

M: And what’s the picture?

W:We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us

modernize the factory. M: What about advertising?

W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials. M:TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with

advertising in the papers, as usual?

W:Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more

aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.

M: Will we be able to afford all this?

W:I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified.These investments will result in higher profits for our company. M:We’ll have to look at the figures more closely.Have finance draw

up a budget for these investments.

W: All right.I’ll see to it.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. What are the two speakers talking about?

【解析】[D] 女士问Did you have time to look at my proposal? 你有时间看看我的建议么。听完全文，可见是一个关于新的商业计划的提案，因此正

确答案是Suggestions concerning new business strategies. 20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory? 【解析】[B] 女士说New equipment should have been installed long ago.即早就该给工厂装新的设备了。所以正确答案为工厂应该引进最新的设备。

21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?

【解析】[B]女士说We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.女士建议雇用一些工程师帮助实现工厂的现代化。所以正确答案应是 B项：A few engineers should be employed to

modernize the factory.

22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?

【解析】[C] 从女士的话it’s just not enough anymore.We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors 中可看出，仅

仅在报纸上做广告是不够的了。

Conversation Two

W:Sir, you’ve been using the online catalogue for quite a while.Is

there anything I can do to help you?

M:Well, I’ve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I’m really struggling.There are hundreds of books, and I just don’t

know where to begin.

W:Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don’t you narrow it down to something like...uh...the history of the studios during that time? M:You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more that 30 books

came up when I typed in “movie studios.”

W:You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want.Try adding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age.” M:“Golden Age” is a good idea.Let me type that in ...Hey, look, just

6 books this time.That’s a lot better.

W:Oh...another thing you might consider...have you tried looking for

any magazine or newspaper articles? M: No, I’ve only been searching for books.

W:Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there.You might go through their indexes to see if there’s anything you

want.

M:Okay, I think I’ll get started with these books and then I’ll go

over the magazines.

W:If you need any help, I’ll be over at the Reference Desk.

M: Great, thanks a lot.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23.What is the man doing?

【解析】[A] 男士准备写一篇关于20世纪三、四十年代好莱坞电影的论文，他现在正在检索所需要的参考书，所以答案是“他在搜寻参考材料”。 24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on? 【解析】[A] 此题关键在于听出女士，即这位图书馆员说：Your topic sounds pretty big.Why don’t you narrow it 她认为这位男士的题目太大，因此答案

应为It’s too broad to cope with.

25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?【解析】[D] 本题在听力原文中可直接找出答案。女图书馆员说Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature.因此男士可以在Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature找到相关的杂志文章。

Section B Passage One

There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years.The liberation of women in the early part of the twentieth century and the social and economic effects of World War II had a great impact on traditional family life.Women became essential to industry and the professions.During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their

services were indispensable to the nation.

More recently, great advances in scientific knowledge, and

particularly in medicine, have had enormous social consequences.Children are better cared for and are far healthier.Infant death rate is low.Above all, parents can now plan the size of their family if they wish through

more effective means of birth control.

Different attitudes to religion, authority and tradition generally have also greatly contributed to changes in family life.But these developments have affected all aspects of society.It is particularly interesting to note that the concept of “the family” as a social unit

has survived all these challenges.

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26.What is this passage mainly about?

【解析】[D] 短文第一句就点出了文章的主旨，There are many reasons why family life in Britain has changed so much in the last fifty years.即

主要讲了英国家庭生活变化的诸多原因。

27.Why did British women become indispensable to industry after World

War II?

【解析】[A] 为什么英国妇女二战之后在工业上起着不可或缺的作

用?During the war they had worked in factories and proved their worth, now, with the loss of millions of men, their services were indispensable to the nation.从这两句话中可得出答案，由于战争中成千上万的男子牺牲了，

因此女子必须承担起劳动的重任。

28.What remained unchanged in spite of all the challenges in family

life?

【解析】[A] 虽然文中花了大量篇幅介绍英国人家庭生活变化的种种原因。但本题的答案出现在文章最后一句，即It is particularly interesting to note

that the concept of “the family” as a social unit has survived all these

challenges. Passage Two

In the next few decades people are going to travel very differently from the way they do today.Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.So in a few years people won’t worry about running out of gas.

Some of the large automobile companies are really moving ahead with this new technology.F & C Motors, a major auto company, for example, is holding a press conference next week.At the press conference the company

will present its new, electronically operated models. Transportation in the future won’t be limited to the ground.Many people predict that traffic will quickly move to the sky.In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic,

news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.

But the sky isn’t the limit.In the future, you’ll probably even be able to take a trip to the moon. Instead of listening to regular airplane announcements, you’ll hear someone say, “The spacecraft to the moon leaves in ten minutes.Please check your equipment.And remember, no more

than ten ounces of carry-on baggage are allowed.”

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 29.What will be used to power cars in the next few decades? 【解析】[D] 以后的数十年汽车用什么作能源，Everyone is going to drive electrically powered cars.每个人都将用上电力驱动的车，因此将用电作能源。

30.What will future news reports focus on when talking about

transportation?

【解析】[A]本题也可在听力材料中直接听出答案。In the coming years, instead of radio reports about road conditions and highway traffic, news reports will talk about traffic jams in the sky.未来的新闻报道在谈到交

通状况时将主要报道空中的交通状况。

31. What is the special requirement for passengers traveling to the

moon?

【解析】[B] 从短文最后的announcement提醒去往月球旅行的乘客：And remember, no more than ten ounces of carryon baggage are allowed，只能带不超过十盎司的随身行李，因此，对于去月球旅行的旅客的特殊要求就是

Take little luggage with them.

Passage Three

My parents ran a small restaurant.The restaurant was open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.And my first job when I was six years old was shining shoes for customers.My duties increased as I grew older.By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates.My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards.I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers.I was never paid for any work I did.One day I made a mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week.He said, “OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring in your friends for free drinks.” He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week.This taught me quite a lot.

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. What was the speaker’s job before he was 10 years old?

【解析】[C]男孩的工作就是给顾客擦皮鞋。

33.What was one of the requirements laid down by the boy’s father? 【解析】[B]从这一句I had to be on time中可知他工作不能迟到。

34.What did the boy ask his father to do one day?【解析】A 男孩认为爸爸应该付他工钱I thought he should give me 10 pounds a week. 35.Why did the boy’s father refuse to pay him?【解析】[D] 因为父

亲认为 it was his son who should pay him。

Section C 36.【答案】medical

【解析】medical 意为“医学的”。纵观全文可知此处应填medical，美国

人对本国所达到的医学成就倍感骄傲。

37. 【答案】prevention

【解析】prevention意为“预防、防止”。医学家已经发现预防和治疗脑

灰质炎以及肺结核的方法。

38. 【答案】cancer

【解析】cancer意为“癌症”。他们对癌症和心脏病做了大量研究。

39. 【答案】equipped

【解析】equip意为“装备、配备”。美国的医院是最现代化的，配备有世

界上最好的医疗设备。 40. 【答案】national

【解析】national 意为“国家的”。美国有一个全民健康计划。

41. 【答案】available

【解析】available意为“可用到的，可利用的”。为了这个全民健康目的

美国有许多项目计划。

42.【答案】sum

【解析】sum 意为“一笔(金额)”a sum of money 是固定搭配。公司定期

付一笔款项到这个基金里。

43. 【答案】employee

【解析】employee意为“职员、雇员”。当职员需要就医，他可以从这个

基金里拿钱付医疗费用。

44.【答案】They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed

45.【答案】People regularly pay the hospital directly

46. 【答案】The government has health insurance programs for older

people, poor people and those with long term illness

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

Section A 【全文翻译】

毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越热。但是，真正的问题是：气候变暖的程度是我们的错，我们愿意通过控制我们对矿石燃料无止境的欲望来减缓地球变暖吗?

全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心;或者太难以确定，我们无法用计算机技术来测定，同样的计算机技术往往难以正确地预报下周的天气情况。在一个阴冷的冬日，你可能会觉得，变暖几度无论如何也不是件糟糕的事情。毫无疑问，气候变化的警告听上去就像一个环保主义者的恐吓策略，

迫使我们远离汽车，我们的生活方式。

这些也许是安慰的想法。然而，不幸的是，地球给我们带来一些不安的消息。从阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升温。上个世纪，全球温度上升了1华氏度，但是有些最冷、最偏远的地方却远不止如此。这些结果非常不妙。冰层正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蚀，我们的社区正在受到威胁。

很大程度上，这些正在发生的变化处于我们的视野之外。但是，他们不应该被忽视，因为他们预示着地球的其他地方将会发生什么样的情况。

47.【解析】[E]此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。 48.【解析】[H]此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，

此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。

49.【解析】[A]此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即:

全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。 50.【解析】[B]此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中

根据上下文意思B为正确选项。

51.【解析】[F]根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选

项。

52.【解析】[L]该题较为简单，表示“上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏

度”，应能迅速找出正确答案。

53.【解析】[I]显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。 .【解析】[K]此处应填入一个现在分词，表示“海岸受到侵蚀”，因此应

选K项。

55.【解析】[N]该题较为简单，应填入一个复数名词，所以填入N项。

56.【解析】[D]选D项，the rest of 为固定搭配。

Section B Passage One 【全文翻译】

定义成功有许多不同的方法。准确地说，我们每个人都有自己的成功理念。在某种程度上，我们每个人都有责任设定自己的目标，确定我们是否能满意地实

现这些目标。在遗传能力以及适合这些遗传能力表达的环境方面，我们每个人都具有独特的差异性，所以毫无疑问地，我们必须从广泛的意义上来界定成功。

对于一些人来说，只要没有太大的苦难，能够活着，就是一种成功。牧羊人虽然贫穷，却心态平静。他在美丽的大自然中牧羊，与家人一起过着俭朴的生活。他之所以受人尊敬，是因为他有一份不错的工作，并为实现自己和社会所期望的目标而努力奋斗。另一方面，尽管有些人拥有大量的物质财富，但其中的许多人看起来很痛苦。他们认为自己没有成功，因为他们没有实现自己的成功目标。并不是所有的事业都能获得成功，所以一个人不应该为了获得成功而设立不切实际的目标;但是，对于一个有自信的人来说，如果设定的成功目标过低，也是一件

极其不幸的事情。

一位成功的职业咨询师曾经对一名正在经历挫折的年轻人说过：“即使为了获得成功的旅行，你也没有必要把月球旅行设定为你的旅行目标。有时侯，仅仅是在公园里散步，或者乘坐地铁去市区，也可以让一个人获得成功。”他说，“只有你在为自己真正喜欢的东西付出全心的努力后却仍未能获得成功，你才是真的

失败了，才是真的失去了成功的机会。”

【答案解析】

57.【解析】[C]细节题。文章第一段，作者表明要获得成功，能力和环境是很基本的条件。见文章第一段第三句话，“Because each of us

possesses ...genetic ability and favorable environments ...”由于我们每个人的天生能力和后天成长环境的不同„„由此可知，C为正确答案。 58.【解析】[C]词汇题。“frugal”这个词的意思是节俭的，朴素的。见第二段第二句，“...the poor shepherd who ...enjoys his frugal life ...”通过下文提到的拥有财富的人的对比，可以推测出该词的意思是节俭朴素的。

59.【解析】[D]细节题。有些富人并不觉得他们成功，因为以他们自己的标准他们还不够富。见文章第二段第三句，“On the other hand ...many of them ...consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals

of success”根据他们自己的目标来判断，他们并不认为自己是成功的，由此可

知D为正确答案。

60.【解析】[D]细节题。文章最后一段表明，成功意味着尽自己所能做自己喜欢的事情。见文章最后一句，“You have not really failed ...for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like ...”在你没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，你的失败都不算真正的失败, 由此可

推断出作者暗示成功就是尽全力做自己喜欢的事，所以D为正确答案。 61.【解析】[A]主旨题。这篇文章主要谈的是成功的定义。文章第一句话就是全文的主题句，每个人对成功的定义不同。接下来的几段也都是从不同的角度

定义成功，所以A为正确答案。

Passage Two 【全文翻译】

从一开始就教孩子阅读是小学最重要的任务，但是依靠教育者正确地处理这个任务会犯重大错误。许多学校仍继续使用被证明是无效的教学方法。教授如何开始阅读的“看与说”或者“全词”教学法具有强制力，这也许是有效指导阅读

失败的最好例子。

全词阅读方法强调单词的含义超过强调字母的含义，考虑把拼写和读音的关系用于阅读，发展认识熟悉单词的能力超过发展认识不熟悉单词读音的能力。它适合于教室“开放” 的倡导者们所推荐的自我指导的、“学习如何学习”的活动，也符合孩子们必须发展地准备开始阅读的理念。1963年以前的出版物都是

教授使用全词阅读方法的。

然而，在1955年，Rudolf Flesch点燃了开始阅读中的“伟大辩论”。在他的畅销书《为什么约翰尼不能阅读》中，Flesch控诉公立学校使用“看与说”的方法对学生进行错误的教育。他说，另外一种建立在语音学基础上的开始阅读的方法要好得多。后来，Jeane Chall 和Rovert Dykstra证明了它是一种更学

术性的学习方法。

首先，系统语音教孩子们 把字母和字母组合与读音联系在一起。然后，教他们如何把这些读音组合起来说话。它传授给孩子们一种规则，通过这种规则可以学会英语中绝大多数最常见单词的发音，而不是把记忆中相对有限的单词堆积在一起。语音学并不是贬低思考单词和句子意义的重要性，它只是承认把拼写和

读音的关系用于阅读是合乎逻辑的、必要的第一步。

【答案解析】

62.【解析】[C]细节题。本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting on educators 是相同的意思。 63.【解析】[A]细节题。作者先在第一段的最后一句说“looksay”或“wholeword”的阅读教学方法是失败的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters,

thinking over decoding ...”。

.【解析】[D]推断题。文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。 65.【解析】[B]词义题。本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch “touched off”一

场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。

66.【解析】[C]推断题。本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出wholeword阅读方法的特点：强调单词的意思，没有decoding;由此即可知B、D是错的;在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and

sentences，所以A也是不对的。

Part Ⅴ Cloze

【全文翻译】

学习的方法大不相同，对一些学生有效的方法对其他人不一定起作用。你唯一能做的就是要进行实验，直到找到一个适合自己的学习方法。但是有两件事是肯定的：没有人能替你学习，而且如果你找不到适合自己的学习方法，你就不会通过大学考试。同时，还有一些对每个人都有起作用的规则，例如“不要落后”。学习的问题是，一开始的时候是非常难的，而当你尝试在一周内完成三周的事情时则变得几乎不可能。即使是最好的读者也难以完成。如果你没有按时完成必须上交的书面任务，交的太迟，老师大概不会给你打个高分，也许他根本就不接受它。在其它科目上花费太多的时间不是你在某个科目上落后的真正借口。在化学上花费七个小时感到非常有效，却对历史考试毫无帮助。许多大一新生的确陷入了困境，他们以牺牲其他课程为代价而在一门课程上花费了太多的时间，这要么因为他们喜欢一门课程超过其它各门课程，要么因为他们发现这门课程非常难，所以他们认为应该在这门课程上付出自己全部的时间。不管什么原因，对某门课程全力以赴而忽视其余的课程是不正确的。如果你面对这种诱惑，应该从最短、最容易的课程开始入手。完成它们后，再去学习更困难的、费时的课程。

【答案解析】

67.【解析】[D]well是副词，good是形容词，所以A不可。此处要与后面的doesn’t work at all形成对比，而B、C没有对比的作用。 68.【解析】[A]此句的意思是你一直进行尝试，直到找到适合自己的学习方

法。因而此处的连词要表达“直到”的意思。

69.【解析】[B]线索是空格后的else，两个词连起来表示“(除了你自己)，

别的任何人都不能„„”。

70.【解析】[D] work常用于抽象的意义，表示起作用的意思。请参照第一

句中的动词。

71.【解析】[A] get (fall, be) behind等都表示落后的意思，根据上下

文，显然是说，我们在学习上不要落后。

72.【解析】[C]此处要求填一个形容词，A可排除。又根据上下文，可以理解出这句话的意思应该是：学习的问题是，一开始的时候是非常难的，而当你想在一周内完成三周的事情时则变得几乎是不可能的。这时谈的是难度的问题，因此选其他的答案是不合适的。如果直接解此题有困难，可以先做后面的题。 73.【解析】[C]根据从句中的意思来判断本题的答案。要在一周内做三周的

事，毫无疑问，应当说这是几乎不可能的。

74.【解析】[C]表面考的是所有格的用法，实际上考的是名词的数。三周肯定是复数，week必须是复数形式;work是不可数名词。答案就一目了然了。 75.【解析】[A]本题考查的是篇章词汇。解题也有两种方法。第一种方法从篇章的角度着手，承接上面一段，说的是学习的困难，在这里显然是说“即使”是读得最快的人也有困难，选A顺理成章。第二种方法从句法着手。这是一个简单句，显然不能填连词和介词，C、D明显错误。单就本句来说，选almost也是

不能的。

76.【解析】[B] have trouble后要求接动名词。

77.【解析】[A] turn in 的意思是“交上去，上交”，其他的选项是：turn

up 出现， turn out出来;结果是，give in 让步。 78.【解析】[D]此处表示“过晚”之意，用too。 79.【解析】[C]考查常用句型not ...at all。

80.【解析】[D]这一句及其下一句是说因为你在别的科花的时间太多而在另一科落后，前者不是后者的理由。所以此处要选表示“借口、理由”意思的词，

即excuse。

81.【解析】[A]表示笼统的“有用”的动词是help。

82.【解析】[A] at the expense of的意思是“以„„为代价”。 83.【解析】[A]注意后面的介词to，所以这是一个固定搭配。 84.【解析】[B]考查句型“What is the reason that ...”。

85.【解析】[C]前面所说的明显是一种诱惑，所以要选temptation。

86.【解析】[D]前面说的是上某课的事，所以选class。

Part Ⅵ Translation

87.【答案】did he charge me too much / did he overcharge me

88.【答案】mingled with the crowds

.【答案】providing new growth opportunities for China’s foreign

and domestic trade

90.【答案】as fluently as he speaks English

91.【答案】busy preparing for