非谓语动词与从句

非谓语动词相关从句

1. 非谓语动词概述：

2. 非谓语动词与名词性从句

3. 非谓语动词与定语从句

4. 非谓语动词与状语从句

There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English.

一、 非谓语动词概述：动名词Ving；现在分词Ving; 过去分词ved; to do不定式

1. 分词短语从本质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。如，a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc.

A baby who is sleeping.

A car which is used

2. ving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作

Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已完成的动作

The fallen leaves

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The falling leaves

The custom fascinates me.

The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books.

The baby will sleep until eight.

Try not to wake a sleeping baby.

Some movies are rated X.

Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies.

My leg was broken in three places.

My broken leg is healing slowly.

The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking

The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken.

Falling leaves=

Fallen leaves=

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3. 现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。Having done

The students had solved most of the problems without any help.

Having solved most of the problems without any help, the students were exhilarated.

After they have solved most of the problems without…………………………..

4. 动名词 Ving；既有动词的特征，可以带宾语，也有名词的特征可以充当句子的主语，宾语，定语，补语。

They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.

Getting mad at others means other people are getting control of your emotions.

A sleeping car; a swimming pool; a reading room.

A sleeping boy; a swimming woman; a reading student

5. 动名词的复合结构：这种结构常在句中作主语或宾语。

Tom’s coming home at last was a great consolation.

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Do you mind my making a suggestion?

Mary insisted on my reading the letter.

6. 动名词的被动式和完成式

I still remember being taken to the zoo for the first time.

I remember my parent’s taking me to the zoo for the first time.

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

7. to do不定式

To err is human; to forgive, divine.

I hope to see you again.

I think it hard to answer the question in a word.

I have a letter to write.

二、非谓语动词与各分句

1. 动名词、不定式与名词从句：由陈述句变来的，即由that引导的名词性从句一般

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转化成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式。由疑问句变来的，即由whether或what等引导的名词从句一般简化为不定式。

主语从句

That John won the marathon surprised us.

John’s winning the marathon surprised us.

That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.

His losing the game came as s surprise to everybody.

同位语从句

There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.

There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.

We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite.

We were greatly encouraged by China’s launching another man-made satellite.

宾语从句 (看从句的动词)

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I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.

I consider emigrating to America in the future.

Jane’s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.

Jane’s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.

I hope that I can drive to work in my own car.

I hope to drive to work in my own car.

She can’t decide whether she should go with him or stay home.

She can’t decide whether to go with him or stay home.

I don’t know what I should do.

I don’t know what to do.

Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.

2、与定语从句（只有当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，才能把定语从句简化为短语）

The people who were responsible for the incident were all punished.

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The girl who was standing in the corner

The girl who is standing in the corner

The girl who stood in the corner

The girl who stands in the corner

都可简化为：the girl standing in the corner. 所以简化后的表达不准确。

一般说来，被the only, the last, the next序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，其后所接的定语从句往往用不定式来替换。

You are the only one that can understand me.

You are the only one to understand me.

The next train that arrives is from New York.

The next train to arrive is from NY.

Clint was the second person that fell into this trap.

3、与状语从句

1. 状语从句与分词：特点主句与从句主语必须一致才可以简化。 如果不一致可以用

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主格结构来简化。

A tighter can’t be tamed unless it is caught very young.

A tighter can’t be tamed unless caught.

After I finished my home work, I fed the dog.

Having finished my home work, ….

After finish my home work, …..

While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.（用主格简化）

While the teacher being lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.

2. 状语从句与不定式：能够简化为不定式的状语从句一般只有目的状语从句。在英语中作目的状语几乎成了不定式的专属功能。

I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quite.

I turned off the TV in order for my roommate to study in peace and quite.

The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

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