英语动词的分类

动词一般分为实义动词（行为动词）、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 一．实义动词

实义动词从语法上指能独立做谓语的动词，从意义上看，这个动词有实际的动作意义。实义动词一般分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

（一） 及物动词（vt）：及物动词本身不能表示完整的意义，需

要加宾语才能使其意思完整。

1. 动词+宾语 e.g. I love you.

His mother cleans the house every day. 2. 动词+宾语+宾补

e.g. We call the bird Polly.

I saw the children play in the park yesterday.

Summary: 用在主谓宾补结构中省略to的动词不定式或动名词做宾补的动词有：make，let, have, see, watch, notice, hear(所有感官动词).

3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 e.g. Please pass me the salt.

Can you bought me that dress?

Summary: 常见带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return, 即 V+sb+sth=V+Sth+介词（一般用to，有使用for）+sb

如何区分宾语后面的成分是宾语补足语还是直接宾语？

从动词和sb处划开，把sb变成主格，在后面加上相应的系动词，句子成立则为宾语补足语，不成立则为直接宾语。

e.g. We call the bird Polly.→The bird is Polly. (成立，宾补)

e.g. Can you bought me that dress? →I am that dress. (不成立，直接宾语)

（二）不及物动词（vi）：自身意思完整，不需要带宾语。

1. 但是不及物动词一般要带上副词或介词短语作状语，使其意思完整。

e.g. He runs very fast. She smiles pleasantly. They work in a factory.

2.不及物动词可以和介词、副词构成短语，来表示相当于及物动词的意思。比如，look at, turn off, put away, go on with等。 3.有些动词既可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词。 e.g. We study English. We study hard.

They fly kites in the sky. The birds fly in the sky. (三) 持续性动词和瞬间动词

1. 持续性动词表示的动作可以持续一段时间，如stay，keep，work等。

e.g. You can keep the book for 10 days. He works 8 hours a day.

2.瞬间动词表示的动作在几秒钟内即可完成，因此不能和表示时间段的状

语连用，如die，buy, stop, begin, come, go, leave等。 二．系动词

表示主语所处的状态、身份或属性，一般加上名词、形容词、介词短语等构成主系表结构。

系动词分为：

1. be（am, is, are, was, were）

2. 感官系动词：feel, taste, look, smell, sound等 3. 表示变化的系动词：get, turn, become, keep等 4. seem seem+(to be)+表语 It seems that………

e.g. She seems (to be) younger than her age.

It seems that she is younger than her age.

三．助动词

助动词本身没有意义，也不能独立做谓语，它们必须和别的词连用构成各种时态、语态、否定或疑问。 （一）助动词be（am, is, are, was, were） 1.“ be+现在分词”构成现在进行时

e.g. I am talking now.

They are having their class at this moment. 2. “ be+过去分词”构成被动语态

e.g. This book was borrowed from the library.

(二) 助动词have(has, had)+过去分词，构成完成时态 e.g. I have taught English for 3 years. He has finished his homework.

(三) 助动词do（does, did）用于构成疑问句、否定句、倒装句、加强说话的语气及代替前面出现的动词等。 e.g. Do you live in China? Yes, I do. Do remember it.

He doesn’t speak Chinese.

Only then did I realize the seriousness of the problem.

(四) 助动词will和shall用于构成将来时（shall一般用于第一人称，will用于所有人称）

e.g. There will be more and more people on the earth. I shall be 15 in a month’s time. 四．情态动词

情态动词用于表示说话人的意愿或者某种感情，其特征有： 1. 情态动词本身有一定的含义。

2. 情态动词自己不能独立做谓语，要在后面加上动词的原形，构成复合谓语。

3. 情态动词后加not变成否定句，情态动词提前变成疑问句。