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1. labour
n.劳动，劳动力
美式拼写：labor
关联词组：labour force劳动力；cheap labour廉价劳工；labour cost人工成本；Labour Day劳动节用法：labour通常视为不可数名词，可指“劳动，（尤指）体力劳动”；也可以指工人的统称，即“劳工，劳动力”。例如：
The price will include the labour and materials.此价格中包含人工费和材料费。a shortage of labour劳动力的短缺
关联单词：labourer=laborer n.劳动者，工人；（尤指）体力劳动者（2019，吉林卷，阅读B）
65.How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays?A. By working all day.
B. By giving gifts to working people.C. By having fun with friends or family.D. By having a big ceremony.2. land
n.陆地，土地；v.落地，着陆，登陆
关联词组：land use土里利用；land development土地开发；land area陆地区域
熟词僻义：land还可作动词，表示“（飞机/鸟/昆虫）降落，落地”、“（船）着陆，登陆”：The plane landed safely.飞机安全着陆了。The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。关联单词：island n.岛，小岛；farmland n.农田
（2019，安徽卷，阅读C）She found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting (当临时保姆).3. large
adj.大的，巨大的
用法：large指“（尺寸）大的，大量的”，常用短语有a large number of大量的（修饰可数名词）；a
large amount of大量的（修饰不可数名词）；large还可表示“大型号的”：small/medium/large小/中/大
同义词：big adj.大的反义词：small adj.小的
（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.
4. last
adj.最后的；最近刚过去的；v.持续
关联词组：at last最后，终于；last year/month/week/night/summer去年/上个月/上周/昨晚/去年夏
天；the last minute/moment最后一刻，紧急关头
熟词僻义：last还可以作动词，表示“持续”，不用于进行时，后面也不一定要接时间状语。例如：The meeting only lasted a few minutes.会议只开了几分钟。This weather won't last.这种天气持续不了多久。
词性转换：lasting adj.持久的，永恒的；lastly adv.最后，终于
（2019，江苏卷，阅读B）Eggs last a long time. You can keep them for about four weeks in your fridge.5. laugh
v.笑，发笑
关联词组：laugh at嘲笑；laughter it off一笑而过；laugh out loud大声笑
用法：laugh一般作动词，后面不直接跟宾语，通常接介词at/about；laugh本身也可作名词，表示指笑
的动作：He gave a short laugh.他笑了一声。
词性转换：laughter n.笑；笑声；laughable adj.可笑的，高兴的；laughably adv.可笑地（2019，浙江卷，完形）
To his amazement, there was more ____15____ and more money throwing.15. A. troubleB. angerC. silenceD. laughter6. law
n.法律；法令；定律
关联词组：law school法学院；labor law劳动法； international law国际法；company law公司法用法：○1law表示“法律（体系）”，是不可数名词，常和the连用，常见搭配有by law根据法律；break the law违法；触犯法律；be against the law违法○2law表示具体的“法规，法令”等，是可数名词：pass a law通过一项法令；strict gun laws严格的枪支法○3law表示“规律，法则，定律”等，是可数名词：the laws of nature自然规律
词性转换：lawful adj.合法的，法定的；lawfully adv.合法地，守法地；lawyer n.律师
（2019，山东卷，动词应用）
The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken criminal law by seriously endangering (危及) public safety.7. lay
v.放，搁；下蛋
词形变化：过去式laid，过去分词laid
关联词组：lay down放下；制定；lay out摆放；安排；lay off解雇
用法：lay的基本意义是“安放，放置”，是及物动词，宾语后面通常跟副词或介词短语：
He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把一只手搭在我的肩上。熟词僻义：lay还可表示“下（蛋）；产（卵）”：
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.杜鹃在其他鸟的巢中产蛋。同义词：put v.放
（2019，湖北卷，阅读B）While I was eating, he would lay out my clothes, ,make my bed, and gather my school books up.8. lead
v.领导，带领
词形变化：过去式led，过去分词led○1lead基本意义为“带路，引领”，常见于短语lead the way中，lead后常接副词或介词短语：The manager led the way through the office.经理带路穿过办公室。○2lead第二层含义表示“领导，率领”：
Some people say she is too old to lead the country.有人说，她年纪太大，领导不了国家。○3lead to sth.是固定短语，表示“导致，造成（后果）”，相当于cause：
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
词性转换：leading adj.领导的，主要的；leader n.领导者，首领；leadership n.领导能力；领导阶层
（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）
19. The writer says that buying things _______________.A. can make people worriedB. can make people nervousC. may lead to sadness for longD. may lead to happiness for a short time9. leave
v.离开；把……留下；剩下
词形变化：过去式left，过去分词left
关联词组：leave sb./sth. alone不打扰，让……独自呆着○1leave表示“出发，离开”，leave at+时间点；leave for +地点（出发去某地）○2leave表示“把……留在某处”，后接副词或介词短语：
Did anybody leave a jacket behind last night?昨天晚上有哪位忘记拿夹克衫了吗？○3通常用过去分词left形式表示“剩下，剩余”：We don’t have much time left.我们没有多少时间了。
易混单词：left adj.左边的；n.左，左边
（2019，浙江卷，完形）I wish she would leave us alone. We were in the same summer school and now she thinks we're best friends.10. lend
v.借（出），把……借给
词形变化：过去式lent，过去分词lent
关联词组：lend (sb.) a hand（给某人）搭把手lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力用法：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人：
I lent my CD player to Dave.=I lent Dave my CD player.我把CD播放机借给了戴夫。反义词：borrow v.借（来），借用（2019，湖北卷，完形）
When he was in the hospital, Pineda began 47 music, and wondered if he might be able to record his own album(音乐专辑)．47. A. writing 11. let
v.让
B. lending
C. selling D. praising
词形变化：过去式let，过去分词let
关联词组：let alone不用说，更不用提；let it go任它去；let go of松手放开，释放；let sb. down让某人失望○1let用作使役动词，表示“让”，后接不带to的动词不定式：Let me have a try.让我试一试。○2当上述不带to的动词后面与副词连用，且意思明确，往往可省略动词，只保留副词。如：let him (come) in.让他进来。○3常用let’s do的结构来表达建议；如果是反义疑问句，通常加上shall we结尾。如：Let’s go swimming together, shall we?我们一起去游泳好吗？○4let通常不用被动语态形式，可用be allowed代替。如：
They let me leave.或They allowed me to leave. 或I was allowed to leave.我获准离开。（2019，浙江卷，语法填空）
What we can learn ______60______ the old man is this: if you've lost a lot over something that doesn’t work, let it go and move on.12. lie
v.躺，平卧；说谎；n.谎言○1表示“躺，平卧”，为不规则动词。
词形变化：过去式lay，过去分词lain，现在分词lying
作不及物动词，不接宾语，常接副词或介词短语作状语。如：
He was lying on the bed smoking a cigarette.他正躺在床上抽烟。
易混单词：lie的过去式形式lay本身可作动词，表示“放，搁”，是及物动词，要接宾语。试比较：I lay on the bed and tried to relax.我躺在床上，想放松一下。（lie的过去式）She lays the baby on the bed.她把宝宝放到床上。（lay的三单形式）熟词僻义：常用lie in结构表示“位于；存在（于）：
The town lies in a small valley.该城镇坐落于一个山谷中。The problem lies in how you see it.问题在于你如何看待它。○2表示“说谎”，为规则动词。
词形变化：过去式lied，过分分词lied，现在分词lying
作不及物动词，不直接接宾语，常用搭配有lie about sth.隐瞒……；lie to sb.对……撒谎；lie本身也可作名词，表示“谎言，假话”：tell a lie说谎词性转换：liar n.说谎的人，骗子
（2019，北京卷，阅读B）We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads.13. light
n.光，光亮；灯；adj.明亮的；轻的；浅色的；v.点火，点燃
名词用法：○1表示“光，光亮，光线”，为不可数名词：bright light明亮的光线；a beam of light一束光线○2表示“灯，光源”，为可数名词：turn on/off the light开/关灯；traffic lights交通灯形容词用法：○2可表示“明亮的”、“（颜色）浅色的，淡色的”，反义词均为dark：It gets light at about 5 o'clock.大约5点钟天就亮了。light blue eyes浅蓝色的眼睛○2还可表示“（重量）轻的”，反义词为heavy：Carry this bag—it's the lightest.你拿这个包—它
最轻。
动词用法：
词形变化：过去式lit，过去分词lit
可表示“照亮，使明亮”或“点燃，点火”，常与介词up连用：
There was an explosion and the whole sky lit up.一声爆炸照亮了整个天空。（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）
7.Would you please ____________ the light? I can't sleep well with it on A. turn onB. turn offC. turn toD. turn around14. long
adj.长的；久远的；adv.长期地，长久地；很久地
关联词组：no longer (more)=not any longer (more)不再；as long as只要；和……一样长作形容词时，可表示长度、距离和时间很长，可用How long提问长度：How long is the River Nile?尼罗河有多长？
作副词时，常见搭配有before long很快，不久；long ago很久以前；all day/night long整日/夜；以及用How long的问句提问持续多久：How long have you been waiting? 你等了多久了？词性转换：length n.长度；时间的长短
反义词：short adj.（距离，长度或时间）短的（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）
2.-Please stay with me this weekend.
-I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago.A. visitB. visitingC. to visitD. visited15. lose
v.丢失，失去；输（掉）
词形变化：过去式lost，过去分词lost
关联词组：lose oneself迷路；沉迷；lose face丢脸；lose control失控；lose touch with与……失去联系；lose weight减肥；lose interest in对……失去兴趣○1lose表示“弄丢；失去；丧失”：I’ve lost my keys.我把钥匙丢了。
He’s lost his job.他失业了。○2lose表示“输掉（比赛，诉讼，辩论等）”，后面可接by，表示输了多少分等：we lost the game by 10 scores.我们以10分之差输掉比赛。
词性转换：loser n.失败者；loss n.损失；lost adj.迷惑的；失去的：get lost迷路了反义词：win v.赢，胜利；赢得（2019，山东卷，词形转换）
63. Our team lost the game because we played very ____________ (bad).16. loud
adj.大声的；adv.大声地
关联词组：loud speaker扬声器，扩音器；laugh out loud大声笑作副词的loud与loudly，aloud的区别：○1loud=loudly，但loud一般只与动词speak，talk，laugh，sing等连用，且须放在它们之后；用于比
较级时，通常用loud，不用loudly。如：Can you speak a little louder?你能不能说的大声点？○2aloud强调“出声”，而非在心里默默地“说”，通常与动词read，speak，think连用。如：He began to read the letter aloud?他开始大声念起信来。○3aloud还可表示“大声地（而不是轻声地）”，通常与动词cry，laugh，shout，call等连用。如：The pain made him cry aloud.他疼得大叫起来。 反义词：quietly adv.安静地，轻声地（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）
9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?A. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD. clearly17. love
v&n.爱，热爱，很喜欢
关联词组：fall in love with爱上；be in love (with)（与……）恋爱中；相爱；true love真爱名词用法：○1love指家人或好友之间的“爱，关爱”，或特指情侣之间的“恋爱，爱情”时，为不可数名词，通常在后面接介词for，表示“对……的爱”：a mother’s love for her child母亲对孩子的爱○2love指具体的所爱之人或物时，为可数名词：He was her first love .他是她的初恋情人。动词用法：○1love doing sth.表示一种爱好，习惯性的、经常性的；love to do sth.表示具体的、一时性的。如：I love shopping.强调我的爱好。
I'd love to go shopping.表示我现在愿意去。○2常用I’d love to (do sth.)表示很想做某事：
Would you like to come swimming with us?-I’d love to.你想和我们一起去游泳吗？-我很愿意。词性转换：lovely adj.可爱的；令人愉快的；lover n.爱人；爱好者近义词：like v.喜欢
反义词：hate v.讨厌，憎恨（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）
6.Love your parents __________ they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late.
A. while18. low
B. though
adj.&adv.低；矮
C. becauseD. unless
关联词组：low cost低成本；low temperature低温；low price低价；low speed低速用法：○1low作形容词，表示“（数量、价值或数字、温度等）低的，少的”，或者“（高度）矮的，低的”；○2low本身可作副词，如：She pulled her hat low down over her eyes.她把帽子拉低，盖住了眼睛。反义词：high adj.高的（2019年，浙江卷，阅读D）
39. What made the four friends' plan succeed?
A. That they didn't want to be artists any longer.
B. That Millet's pictures were sold at very high prices.C. People's attitude towards the artists who were starving.D. People's desire to own precious art works at low prices.19. luck
n.运气，好运
关联词组：good/bad luck好运/运气不好；try one’s luck碰运气
用法：常跟luck搭配的形容词有good/bad，动词有have/bring；口语中常用表达有wish sb. (good) luck或good luck (to sb.)祝某人好运。
词性转换：lucky adj.幸运的，好运的；luckily adj.幸运地；unlucky adj.不幸的，倒霉的；unluckily adv.不幸地，倒霉地
（2019年，浙江卷，阅读A）Unluckily, these body clocks do not always work according to school timetables.
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