高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解基础演练

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 The Renaissance，considered by modern scholars to have been the time

between 1,300 and 1,600，was a period of European history when many new inventions and beliefs came into being.

The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan，and Venice.In these cities businessmen started to spend their

extra money on things like painting and education，and to consider new techniques of banking and systems of government.A new type of scholar，the humanist(人文主义者)arose.Humanism was concerned with humankind and culture.Latin and Greek，literature and philosophy，music and mathematics were among the subjects humanists studied.

The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture.During the Renaissance，artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans(工

匠)．Many artists drew on mathematics in order to become more accurate in their measurements(度量)and to make sure an object was presented in realistic proportions.They also studied the way light hits objects and the ways our eyes perceive it.A new kind of paint，called oil paint，

was invented.

The Renaissance affected all of the society.Many people became

interested in politics，and the world outside their towns.They became explorers，businessmen，etc.The effect on religion was especially

strong.In the Middle Ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven.But the increase in arts and education

gave people things to look forward to in life，and made them lose interest in the church.

The Renaissance produced many great minds.Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest，although he was not regarded that way at the time.Among his many works of art were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.He is also regarded as a great inventor，and is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter.

1. According to the second paragraph，the Renaissance________. A．occurred all over Europe

B．started in Italy

C．influenced art，finance，and physical education D．was the most popular in Florence 答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Renaissance is traced back to

rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan and Venice.”可知，文艺复兴运动始于意大利，所以正确答案为B项。

2．Which of the followings took place during the Renaissance? A．People stopped going to church. B．New forms of painting emerged. C．Oil paint became very popular. D．The humanists disappeared.

答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture.”及“A new kind of paint，called oil paint，was invented.”可知，油画这种新的绘画形式在文艺复兴时期出现了，所以正确答案为B项。

3．We can learn from the passage that________.

A．during the Renaissance many explorers and map­makers appeared B．businessmen started the Renaissance C people's interest in education declined

D．the humanists took power during the Renaissance

答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段的“Many peopole became

interested in politics，and the world outside their towns.They became explorers，businessmen，etc.”可知，在文艺复兴时期出现了许多探险家、

商人和制图师，所以正确答案为A项。

4．Which of the following statements about Leonardo da Vinci is NOT true? A．He created The Last Supper. B．He was a great inventor.

C．He was the first to imagine the helicopter. D．Many people of his time considered him a genius.

答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Leonardo da Vinci was one of

the greatest，although he was not regarded that way at the time.”可知，莱奥纳多·达·芬奇在他所生活的时代并没有被认为是天才，所以正确答案为D项。 5．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage? A．The Renaissance in Europe.

B．The birthplace of the Renaissance. C．The effects of the Renaissance. D．Some famous artists in Europe.

答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了文艺复兴给整个社会所带来的影响，以及这个时期社会上所出现的新现象。

2016高考训练题。阅读理解。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure to environmental

pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of

pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” quality and

relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between .

A．heart problems and air quality B．heart problems and exercising C．heart problems and smoking D．heart problems and fatty food 2.The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means. A．relatively

high B．extremely low

C．relatively

low D．extremely

high

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

4. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .

A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertain

参1—4、ACDA 【北京市2014统一模拟】D Whether we should allow marine (海洋的) parks to stay open has been widely debated in our community recently. A variety of different

arguments have been put forward about it. Smith, a sociologist, argued that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the public to see marine mammals. As this

argument goes, most Australians live in cities and never get to see these animals. Marine parks allow the average Australian to appreciate our

marine wildlife. However, in fact, there are many places where they can be seen in the wild. Moreover, these places do not charge an overpriced entry fee — they are free.

Dr. Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, insists that we need marine parks for scientific research. She argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals comes from studies which were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at

marine parks can be useful for planning for the preservation of marine mammal species. However, Jones, a zoologist, explains that park research is only useful for understanding captive animals and is not useful for learning about animals in the wild. Their diets are different, they have significantly lower life lengths and they are more likely to have a

disease. In addition, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of social behaviour are changed.

The Marine Park Owners Association holds that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists. This position goes on to state that these

tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of payments. However, foreign

tourists would still come to Australia if the parks were closed down. Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a

variety of other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld. Tourists come here to see our native wildlife in its natural environment and not

to see it in cages and concrete pools. They can see animals in those conditions in their own countries. In a word, perhaps an agreement cannot be reached now. However, a

question does deserve our consideration: If we continue with our past crimes against these creatures, how will our future generations view us? 67. Who support(s) the idea of closing marine parks? A. Most Australians. B. Alison Lane. C. Smith. D. Jones.

68. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3 ?

A. The results from studies are valuable in animal preservation. B. Scientific research at the marine parks has its limitations. C. Captive animals have biology changes in marine parks. D. Human behavior causes harmful effects on the animals.

69. Which is NOT the reason to keep marine parks? A. For entertainment purpose. B. For scientific research

purpose. C. For economic purpose. D. For political purpose.

70. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly

by .

A. pointing out the problems with keeping the marine parks B. using evidence he has collected at the marine parks C. discussing the advantages of animals' natural homes D. questioning the way the animals are studied 【参】67. D 68. B 69. D 70. A

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

【苏锡常镇四市2014模拟调研】 A

Many of you should not own dogs. It’s that simple. The reason is that, if you own a dog,

you must train a dog, and many dog owners out there, it is safe to say, have little or no control

over their dogs, because they do not train them.

Strong words? Maybe．But they are simple, honest words, as untrained dogs living in

residential neighborhoods bark at will, run loose, and visit and damage neighboring properties

with their owners’blessings as they deliberately let them run.

Take note of the fact that you, the dog owner, cannot control your dog causing a continual nuisance（麻烦事）that damages the quality of life in your neighborhood. There’s nothing more annoying to most people than a dog that barks and nothing more confusing than trying to understand the deficient（有缺陷的）mentality of the dog owner who allows his dog to do so.

After all, the irresponsible dog owner hears the barking too, and so those who must put up with it are continually left wondering-what are they thinking, are they deaf?

Many dog owners believe it is not possible for their dog to be trained, an indication that the owners themselves lack self discipline, and most likely have never really tried to apply discipline to other issues in

their lives, not with consistency, or that they are simply lazy and inattentive to their own adult responsibilities at the expense of others.

Irresponsible dog owners, though, do train their dogs. A dog is a reflection of its owner.

Whatever a dog does (run loose, bark at will, jump on guests entering

the front door, soil neighboring lawns) is a result of the decisions of the owner. The choice

not to do something is indeed a choice.

The good news is that with mere consistency, a dog can be trained

rather quickly, in a

couple of weeks if the owner takes his responsibility seriously. Again,

that process will be a reflection of the owner's behavior, and the primary ingredient（要素）in that behavior is not

allowing the dog, not even once, to repeat the bad behavior without

consequences when told and directed not to. You can stop your dog from barking with simple firm voice commands, direct eye contact, and force of will in a relatively short time, provided you are consistent and a reasonably mature person.

Dogs, what，s more, love this training because pleasing you, their owner, is what they arc all about. The upshot（结果，要点）will be that you have a more connected relationship with your dog, a better dog that is suited to its environment.

56. Which is NOT the reason for dog owners to have little or no control over their dogs?

A. They are lazy and unwilling to train their dogs. B. They think their dogs can act well without training. C，They lack self-control over many issues in daily life. D. They don't give enough attention to their responsibilities. 57. What's the author's attitude towards owners of untrained dogs? A. Prejudiced. B. Unclear. C. Disapproving. D. Curious. 58. This article is mainly written to＿． A. instruct dog owners how to train dogs

B ．call on dog owners to train their dogs

C. sing high praise for responsible dog owners D. analyze the relationship between dog owners and their dogs 59. It can be concluded from the passage that＿．

A. responsible dog owners can put up with dogs’barking

B ．irresponsible dog owners deliberately train their dogs to do something wrong C. we should not own dogs because they can damage the quality of our

daily life

D ．whether a dog can be trained properly may depend on the dog owner's behavior 【参】56--59 BCBD

阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean，an S­shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic

has，in a sense，replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

“Storm at Sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic. When the wind is from the west All the waves that cannot rest To the east must thunder on Where the bright tree of the sun Is rooted in the ocean's breast.

As the poem suggests，the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.

It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath－perhaps not so noticeably out in mid­ocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady

breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of sub­ocean vitality.And it has a

psychology.It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking. 1．Unlike real inland seas，the Atlantic Ocean is ________.

A．always energetic B．lacking in liveliness

C．shaped like a square D．favored by ancient poets

解析 细节理解题。从第一段中的“Unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.”可知，liveliness(精力充沛，活跃)与energetic近义，故答案为A项。 答案 A.。

2．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?A．To describe the movement of the waves. B．To show the strength of the storm.

C．To represent the power of the ocean. D．To prove the vastness of the sea. 解析 推理判断题。从诗歌下面的一段“As the poem suggests，the Atlantic

is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise－it is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.”可知，这首诗主要向我们描述了海洋的强大力量。答案 C.。

3．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean? A．Living together.

B．Growing fast.

C．Moving harmoniously. D．Breathing peacefully.

解析 词义猜测题。划线单词所在的句子后边用了冒号，后边的内容是对前边句子的解释，从下文“unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony”中的mix within等字眼可知，划线单词意为“共生的”，故A项符合要求。 答案 A.。

4．In the last paragraph，the Atlantic is compared to ________. A．a beautiful and poetic place B．a flesh and blood person C．a wonderful world D．a lovely animal

解析 推理判断题。从最后一句“It has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild；always it is strong and striking.”中可以看出，大西洋有个性：有时安静，有时野蛮等，把这些用来描绘人的词汇用来描写大西洋，所以此处把大西洋比喻成了一个有血有肉的人。 答案 B.。