医学英语词汇第一周：消化系统

说明一下：背后长长的那部分是该词汇的英文解释，大家千万不要吓坏了。这周的词汇就从周三开始，我们把它具体成了每一天的量。希望大家每天坚持下去哦！

周三词汇：

aliment/o: food, nutrient

• alimentation: process of giving or taking nourishment. 养料,营养品 • alimentary: pertaining to food. 营养的,饮食的

• hyperalimentation: hyper- excessive, hence excessive amount of food. 营养的,饮食的 appendic/o: appendix 阑尾

• appendectomy: ectomy excision, hence removal of the appendix.阑尾切除术 • appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix. 阑尾炎 • appendical: pertaining to the appendix 阑尾的 auto-: self, own

• autodigestion: digestion of oneself. 自身消化,自溶作用,自身溶解 • autoinfection: infection from oneself. 自身感染,内源性感染

• autopsy: -opsy process of viewing; hence the examination of a dead body with one’s

own eyes. 尸体解剖,尸检

bil/i: gall, bile 胆汁

• bilirubin: bile pigment. 胆红素

• biliary: pertaining to bile or bile ducts. 胆汁的, 胆的 • biliation: the production and excretion of bile. 胆汁分泌 bucc/o: cheek 颊

• buccal: pertaining to the cheek. 颊的, 口的, 口腔的 • bucca: cheek 口,颊

• buccopulpal: pertaining to cheek and pulp. 颊髓的,颊与牙髓的 cec/o: cecum盲肠

• cecorrhaphy: -rrhaphy suture, hence surgical repair of the cecum.盲肠缝合术 • cecopexy: -pexy fixation, hence fixation of the cecum.盲肠固定术

• cecocolic: col/o colon, hence pertaining to the cecum and colon.盲(肠)结肠的 chol/e, chol/o: gall, bile

• cholelithiasis: lith/o stone; -iasis disease condition, hence the condition of having

stones in the gall bladder. 胆石病

• cholestasis: -stasis stopping, hence stoppage of the flow of bile. 胆汁郁积, 胆汁阻塞 • cholemesis: -emesis vomiting, hence vomiting of bile. 呕胆

周四词汇：

cholecyst/o: gallbladder胆囊

• cholecystectomy: excision of the gallbladder. 胆囊切除术 • cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder. 胆囊炎 • cholecystic: pertaining to the gallbladder. 胆囊的

中山医学院医学英语词汇竞赛

cis/o: to cut

• incision: in- into; -ion process, hence the process of cutting in.切开,切口,断口 • incisor: one of four front teeth in the dental arch.切牙

• excision: ex- out, hence the process of cutting out.切除,切除 col/o, colon/o: colon

• colonopathy: diseased condition of the colon. 结肠病

• colonoscope: a viewing instrument to examine the colon. 结肠镜 • colostomy: -stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body, hence from the colon

to the outside of the body. 结肠造口术

dent/o, dent/i: tooth

• dentition: the teeth in the dental arch. 齿系, 齿列

• lobiodental: lobi/o lip, hence pertaining to the lip and the teeth. 唇齿的 • dentifrice: fricare to rub, hence substance used to clean the teeth. 洁牙剂 diverticul/o: things that turn aside憩室

• diverticulum: abnormal side-pocket in the intestine wall. (复diverticula) 憩室 • diverticulitis: inflammation of the diverticula (small pouches) in the intestine wall,

especially in the colon.憩室炎

• diverticulosis: the presence of the diverticula.憩室病 duoden/o: duodenum十二指肠

• duodenectomy: excision of the duodenum. 十二指肠切除术

• gastroduodenal: pertaining to stomach and duodenum. 胃十二指肠的 • duodenitis: inflammation of the duodenum. 十二指肠炎 enter/o: intestine

• enteropathy: disease of the intestine. 肠病

• enterocolitis: inflammation of the small intestine and colon.小肠结肠炎 • gastroenterologist: specialist in alimentary tract disorders.胃肠病学家

周五词汇：

gingiv/o: gums 龈

• gingivae: gums 龈

• gingivitis: inflammation of the gums.龈炎

• gingivectomy: excision of the gums. 龈切除术 ile/o: ileum回肠

• ileocecal: cec/o cecum(盲肠), hence pertaining to the ileum and cecum. 回盲肠的

• ileostomy: -stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body. 回肠造口术 • ileitis: inflammation of the ileum.回肠炎 jejun/o: jejunum空肠

• gastrojejunostomy: surgical connection or opening between the stomach and

jejunum.胃空肠吻合术

中山医学院医学英语词汇竞赛

• jejunoileal: pertaining to the jejunum and ileum. 空肠回肠的 • jejunotomy: incision of the jejunum. 空肠切开术 lingu/o: tongue舌

• lingual: pertaining to the tongue.舌的

• sublingual: sub- under, hence pertaining to something that is under the tongue. 舌

下的

• linguodental: pertaining to the tongue and tooth. 舌牙的 -megaly: enlargement增大

• splenomegaly: splen/o the spleen, hence enlargement of the spleen. 脾大,脾肿大,

巨脾

• hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver. 肝肿大 • cardiomegaly: enlargement of the heart. 心肥大 micro-: small小

• microscope: an apparatus used to magnify small objects. 显微镜 • microscopic: pertaining to extremely small size.显微镜(下)的,微观的 • micronodular: pertaining to small nodules.小结节的 nas/o: nose鼻子

• nasal: pertaining to the nose.鼻的

• nasogastic: pertaining to the nose and stomach. 鼻胃的 • nasopalatine: pertaining to the nose and palate. 鼻腭的

周六词汇：

or/o: mouth口

• oropharynx: the area of the throat at the back of the mouth. 口咽的 • oral: pertaining to the mouth. 口腔的

• oralogy: study of the mouth.口腔学 (stomatology口腔医学,牙医学) pancreat/o: pancreas胰腺\\胰脏

• pancreatic: pertaining to the pancreas.胰脏的 • pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas.胰腺炎

• pancreatin: one of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice. 胰液素 pharyng/o: pharynx 咽

• pharyngitis: inflammation of the pharynx.咽炎

• pharyngonasal: pertaining to the nose and the pharynx. 咽鼻的 (nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的)

• pharyngoxerosis: -xer/o dry, hence dryness of the pharynx. 咽干燥 proct/o: rectum直肠

• proctology: study of disease of the rectum.直肠病学

• proctoscope: instrument to visually examine the rectum.直肠镜 • proctopexy: -pexy fix, fasten, hence fix the rectum. 直肠固定术 sial/o: saliva唾液,涎

• sialorrhea: -rrhea flow, discharge, hence excessive secretion of saliva. 流涎

中山医学院医学英语词汇竞赛

• sialolith: lith/o stone, hence salivary stone.涎石 • salivary: pertaining to saliva.唾液的,涎的 sigmoid/o: sigmoid colon乙状结肠

• sigmoidoscopy: -scopy visual examination, hence visual examination of the sigmoid

colon. 乙状结肠镜检查(术)

• sigmoiditis: inflammation of the sigmoid乙状结肠炎

• sigmoidotomy: surgical incision into the sigmoid colon. 乙状结肠切开术 splen/o: spleen脾

• splenomegaly: enlargement of the spleen. 脾大,脾肿大,巨脾 • splenectomy: surgical removal of the spleen. 脾切除术 • splenic: pertaining to the spleen. 脾的

周日词汇：

-stomy: surgical opening造口术

• ileostomy: surgical opening from the ileum to the outside of the body. 回肠造口术

• colostomy: surgical opening from the large intestine to the outside of the body.

结肠造口术 • coloproctostomy: proct/o anus and rectum, hence surgical connection or opening

between the colon and rectum. 结肠直肠吻合术

• tracheostomy: surgical opening from the trachea to the outside of the body.

气管造口术

• salpingostomy 输卵管造口术 • gastrostomy 胃造口术

• dacryocystostomy 泪囊造口术 sub-: below, under下

• sublingual: under the tongue. 舌下的

• submandibular: mandibul/o lower jaw, hence under the lower jaw.下颌下的 • subacid: moderately acid or sour. 微酸的,有点酸的