Kilometer 编辑 K-zzz 修订
出错及其他修改意见请于评论区指出 Unit 1
Sharing
Ta
sk 3 b c f d c Taa sk 4 2 4 Ta
sk 5 1. (1)anti-social
(2)aware of 2. (2)attidude
(1)appreciate
(2)come to an end Listenin
3. (1)tolerant away
g Task 2 activity 4. impress 2
Lark:
Speake
Speaker 1
r 6
Speaker 4 Speaker7 Task 2 activity Owl:Speaker Speake2 3
2.beautiful 1.peacr 3
eful
3.lovely part 4.party 5.with a passion
6.last second
(3)walk
Speaker 5 7.walking their dogs 8.with a bounce 9.away
10. the best part of the day 11. thinking straight 12. at my sharpest Viewi
13. we had children Task 2 activity 14. in the mornings 2
15. in the evenings
ng 2
4 Role-playing
Task 1 activity 2 c e
More practice in listening short conversations 1
D A
g a f h b d
B C long C C conversations B D A Passages:Passage 1
A
C D C Passages:Passage
1.distressin2 g
2.desperat4.acqe uire
3.urge
5.are totally unaware of
6.are isolated from 10. are convinced of 7.affirm Ne8.interact with ws: 9.impulse Report 1 B C Report 2 B A C Unit test
part1 D D 1.at B C paD 2.section rt 2 C A 3.connects A A D paB the bottom 4.at rt 3 C D D C paof
rt 4 5.shining
6.As 7.cross
8.running away from
9.streaming down
10. destroyed
Unit 2 Sharing
Task 2 1.exci2.on the
ted banks
5.looking forward 3.beach to Taparties
sk 3 f a d c
4.find out e b Ta
sk 4 1 2 3 8 10 Task 5 1 2 4 Listening 1
Task 2 activity A:2 3
4 5 1.Thursday, 20/5/2004
Task 2 activity 2.16 B:1 6 2
3.20
4.by the river 5.raining 6.fancied
7.have the guts to tell him
8. good-looking, romantic and intelligent 9.three children
10. I'm happy
11. fell good about who I was 12. Good luck for the future 13. be Viewihappy with who you are ng 1
Task 2 activity 3
6 Task 2 activity 2
1.the longest-living communities 2.900
3.go about their business 6.cell damage
4.fruit and vegetable 7.high protective 8.health 5.ingredients quantities 9. 1,200
10. 20 percent less
11. getting more for their money Role-12. health’s worth playing
Task 1 activity 2
1 3 4 5 7 8
10 More practice in listening
short A D conversations C B long D C conversations B A D
Passages:passages 1
B
C D A
Passages:passages 2
1.proportion 2.estimated
3.have profound impacts on
4.potential 5.economically 6.pensions Ne
ws 7.originate from Repo8.residential Brt 1
9.poses a challenge to D Repo
10. be transformed into rt 2 B D C Unit test
part 1 B D C B C part 2 D C C B A part 3 B C A A D
pa
rt 4 1.launched
2.corner 3.bankruptcy 4.virtually 5.directing 6.discharged from 7.secured 8.substantial 9.Not surprisingly 10. fashion accessories
Unit 3 Sharing
Task 2 1.enjoy 2.free 3.music
4.internationally Ta
5.festivals
sk 3 d 6.spend e g h your b
free a time
c Taf sk 4 2 3 5 6 Task 5 2 4 5 8 Listening
Task
2.1 a d g e b f Task c 2.2 1 3 6 8 Viewing
Task
2.1 1.(1)husky
sledding 3.(1)driving on Route 66 2.(1)wing-walking
(2)38 (2)19 (2)35
4.(1)bungee jumping 5.(1)swimming with dolphins
Task 2 activity 2 Role-2 4 7 8 9 Task playing 1.2 1 3
More practice in listening 4 7
short D D conversations long C B A conversations D
Passages:Passage D B C 1
B
2)1
(2)17
(
C A Passages:Passage C 2
1.resorts 2.sprung up 3.dramatically
4.having an adverse effect on 5.combat 10. auction off 6.wilderness Ne
7.unspoiled Repo
ws
8.steams of rt 1 D B
9.guidelines
Report 2 B C Unit test
part 1 A B B B paC rt 2 C C D D paB rt 3 D A B C paD
rt 4 1.audience
2.teenage 3.celebrate 4.Popular 5.conquers 10. apart 6.columns from 7.is central to
8.a private arrangement
9.to choose
0
Unit 4
Sharing
Ta
sk 3 d f a e b g c Ta
sk 4 1.brighten your mood
2.a nurturing
environment
4.he
alth
5.Feel contentment 6.makes 3.a stable the family
difference
Ta7.feeling satisfied with sk 5 1 5 Listening
Task
2.1 speake
r 1: speaker 2: a
f speaker 3:
1.hotels or even cities Task
speaker 2.make money 2.2
4: speake3.has doubled r 5:
4.wherever he goes 5.what kind of food she eats
6.junk mail or adverts 7.robbed
1
8.more
crimes
9.have no need to worry 10. be more careful
11. sent to the newspapers Vie
12. posted online ws
Task
2.1 D B A C Task
D 2.2 1.(1)rethink everything
(2)Give it up (3)transform
2.(1)standard of living
(2)diminish
3.(1)commute further (2)the ed opposite 5.(1)economic 4.(1)slow down (2)take more (2)consumer
leisure
growth
goods
ial
Role-possessions playing
Task
1.1 1.Cosmetic surgery
2.Against 3.dangerous 4.frozen solid
5.For 9.th10. stealing from them eft 6.health
11. without 7.Downloading paying
music for free
12. make any money 13. For 8.Against 14. CD sales
15. file sharing 16. concerts
2
(3)mater
17. center
18. 19. 20.
Banning cars from city
Against
polluting than cars a reduction in shop sales
21. perfectly fine Task
22. For
1.2 1 3 4 6 7 9 23. the environment 10 Presenting:Task 24. electric buses 1.2 e b c
polluted d a 25. More practice in listening
short C A conversations B C Long D B conversation
A B D Passage: Passage 1
A
D D C Passage: Passage 2
1.prevalent 2.scary 3.be classified as sed
6.diagno
7.keeping track of
4.epidemic
8.was still associated with
10. in terms 5.ratio 9.affirm of
3
News
Repo
rt 1 A D Report 2 A C Unit test
part 1 D B A C D part 2 C D A C B part 3 A B A B D Part 4 1.over
2.companionship
3.lover 4.definition
10. philosophers and scientists 5.scarce 6.diary 7.The sight of
8.defeated 9.made up
4
Unit 5
Sharing
Ta
sk 3 d h a f b e c g Task 4 1 4 6 Ta
sk 5 1.(1)enrich
2.intellect 3.specific
6.(1)ali(2)performa
4.learn through art ve Listeninnce
5.all aspects g
Task
(3)intense emotions
(2)expand our horizons (3)Terribly
2.1 Sarah(Woman): B
Tim: A Task
1.gets your C vote 2.2 Nigel:
2.(1)in favor of
(2)useful and beneficial (3 )bring jobs
(4)entertainment and activities 3. (1)concern me
(2)expensive
4.I personally would prefer 8.(1)my vote would (2)leave go out (3)hanging around 5.(1)with disabilities (2)excellent (3)enjoy gardens to (5)bringing along
6.(1)mentioned youth
(4)routine 7.costs
(2)involved (3)not so sure
5
9.the older generation
Viewing 2.1
Task
3Task 4
2.2 1
2.makes a mess .A
3.public buildings
4.wrong 8.quite
5.V exciting 1
11. pleasing to the 6.definitely 0. 9.V eye 7.A
112. 15.
positive nice
environment
4.
13. picture
Role-16. offensive playing
Task 1.1 c a b d Task
1.2 1.(1)extends out west (2)north above (3)go up
2.(1)around the corner (2)over there
4.(1)on the left
(2)hang out and read
3.around the neighborhood 5.(1)head over
(2)circle back to
6.(1)walking by (5)
folk music
6
(2)a center of (3)attracted
7. looks like 8.
Presenting:Task (1)modeled on 1.1 1.Setting of the movie
2.Actor(s)/Actress(es)
6.Reviewer’s opinion of different elements 3.plot summary Presenting:Task
4.Recommendation 1.2 1.skillfully
5.Director
2.(1)gripping (2)shocking (3)hilarious 3.sensational 6.(1)breathle4.electrifying ss
(2)hard-hitting (3)emotionally-draining (2)the hundredth anniversary
5.(1)poignantly (2)moving More practice in listening (4)thoroughly short
C D conversations B C D Long B conversation
Passages:passage D C A 1
C
1. anticipation Passages:passage A D B 2
2. glamorous 3. be conferred upon
4. collective 5. nominate for 6. exceptions to
7
7. accomplished
10. is
8. absolute entitled to Ne
9. ws
recipients Report 1 C A Report 2 A D B Unit test
Part 1 C C B B D Part 2 A B
D C A Pa1. tremendous rt 3 D B 2. strategic A C C Pa3. applied rt 4 4. honored
5. escape 6. defeated 7. reflecting 8. a series of 9. strong relationship
10. a wide range of
8
Unit 6 Sharing
Task 2 1. quite late
2. go
5. the media and the on
Tasnews
3.
k 3 1.Internet important 2.Television 4.
5.Newspagoing on 3.Internet pers
Tas
4.Radio 6.Newspak 4 e c b a pers f d Tas
k 5 1.(1)laptop
2.(1)sources
on
Internet
(2)latest headlines (2)media
(3)real time
Televisi
4.(1)outle(2)spr(3)r3.(1)have to pay (2)discriminate ts Task 6 1 2 3 Listening
Task
ead
isk
2.1 f e d g c a b
9
Task
2.2 1.(1)hear this story
(2)about this
(2)recall
(3)the first
2.what happened was guy
3.(1)remember all the details
4.(1)then from that (2)something to do
challenge
5.(1)the next thing (2)according to the report (3)a part in his film
6.(1)my impression was that (2)ended up Viewing
7. that's what happened Task
2.1 B A A D C C Task C
2.2 1. starts going wrong
2. fill an awful lot of time 3. deeply embarrassing for us
5. (1)living the celebrity lifestyle (2)love a good news blunder
4. (1)champion of the Wrong Guest division
Role-(2)charming but inappropriate playing
Task 1.1 b a d c Task
1.2 A B B A B A A Presenting:Task B B A 1.1 2 3 5
0
More practice in listening short conversations B A B D C Long conversation
C D A C Passages:passage 1
D
C D B Passages:passage 2
1. differentiate themselves
from
2. frown upon 3. concise 4. combat 5. severe
6. Neis geared up for ws 7. Repoembraced rt 1 8. C
compact A 9. Repo
is supplemented with rt 2 10. sensational D C B
1
Unit test
Part 1 D B A A D Part 2 B D A C C Part 3 C B D A C Part 4 1. contest
2.
queens
6. tours
7. performed 3.
8. to convince outgoing
9. in protest
4.
10. draw world cheers attention
5. title
2
Unit 7 Sharing
Task 2 1. minor
2. Ta
worry sk 3 1. very crowded places
2. 3. heights 3. height, flying affects
4. flying 5. spiders 6. rats Ta
7. committing to marriage and family sk 4 28. dogs 3 Ta
9. pencils and the noise they make on sk 5 1. liked or
2. (1)keep people in their homes paper loved (2)society
3. (1)closed in (2)transport (3)probably Viewi
ng 4. trapped in a small space Task 2.1 a e g h f b d c Task 2.2 1 3 5 7
3
Role-playing
Task
1.2 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 19 20
Presenting:Task 1.2 1 2 4 6 7
8 9 More practice in listening
short conversations B A C B D Long conversation
D B D A Passages:passage 1
B
A D C Passages:passage 2
1. motivations 2. hazard 3. develop an appetite for
4. associated with 5. contribute to 6. Nefollow suit ws 7. Repoconsensus rt 1 8. D
authorities B A
9. inadequacies 10. exaggeration
12 14 16 17 4
Report 2 B D A Unit test
Part 1 A D B B D PART 2 C B A D D PART 3 B A D C C
PART 4
1. five-day
2. competitiveness 5.
3. extra
6. unmanned households 4. 7. regularly Previously
8. less time 9. ill effects 10. remained unaffected
5
Unit 8
Sharing
Ta
sk 3 a e d c b Task 4 2 3 Ta
sk 5 1. funniest novel
2. completely normal 3. easy
4. Listenin
(1)complex (2)dark and monstrous g
Task
5. 1. by default
2.2 took up the challenge,
2. tag line 3. playing off 4. blown away
Viewi5. (1)took life under control ng switch Task
2.1 B D 6. come back with C A B Task 2.2 3 5 7
(2)make a 6
Role playing
Task
1.2 1. I'm a big fan of detective novels
2. What I really liked about it was the main character 3. I'm not that keen on detective novels 4. I just couldn't get into it
7. the thing I love about it is the 5. I couldn't stand it Presenting:Task writing 2
6. I'm not really into fantasy d c e
f a b More practice in listening,
Short D C conversations, B A C Long B conversations, 1. refugee PassageC A D,
2. desperate s 1, A C
3. entitled B D Passage
4. became s 2
informed of
5. are confronted with
6. spokesperson 7. seek out 8. profiles 9. stayed loyal to 10. virtually
7
News
Repo
rt 1 D B Report 2 B C Unit test
Part 1 C D D B B Part 2 A A A D C Part 3 B A A C D Part 4 1. hunting
2.
baseball
6. hopeless
7. ambulance 3.
8. against nature published
9. Nobel Prize
4.
10. the greatest childhood influences
5. novels
8
1.2 一定是直角三角形吗
基础导练
1.已知一个三角形的三边分别为3k ,4k ,5k (k为自然数),则这个三角形为 ,理由是 .
2.有一个三角形的两条边长是6和10,要使这个三角形成为直角三角形,则第三边边长为 . 3.已知在ABC中,BC=6,BC边上的高为4,若AC=5,则AC边上的高为 . [%@~^&] 4.若一个三角形的一个角等于其他两个角的差,那么这个三角形是 三角形. [^@&~#]
5.若一个三角形的三边长为m+1 ,m+2 ,m+3,当m 时,此三角形是直角三角形. [#~^@%] 6.已知ABC的三边长为BC=41,AC=40,AB=9,则ABC为_________三角形,最大角是∠ . 7.以ABC的三条边向外作正方形,依次得到的面积为25,144,169, 则这个三角形是________三角形. [&~@*#]
8.三角形各边(从小到大)长度的平方比如下列各组,其中不是直角三角形的是 ( )
A.1∶1∶2
B.1∶3∶4
C.9∶25∶26
D.25∶144∶169
9.下列各组数中,以a,b,c为边长的三角形不是直角三角形的是( )
A.a=1.5,b=2,c=3 C.a=6,b=8,c=10
B.a=7,b=24,c=25 D.a=3,b=4,c=5
10.如图,有一块四边形地ABCD,∠B=90°,AB=4m,BC=3m,CD=12m,DA=13m,求该四边形地ABCD的面积? [@~%&*]
[~&@%^] 11.如图,在四边形ABCD中,ACDC,△ADC的面积为30cm,DC=12 cm,AB=3 cm, BC=4 cm,求
2△ABC的面积.
DCBA [~#&%*]
能力提升
12.如图:为修通铁路需凿通隧道AC,测得∠A=50°,∠B=40°,AB=5km,BC=4km,若每天开凿隧道0.3km,试计算需要几天才能把隧道AC凿通?
CAB
[&~%^*]
13.如图,古埃及人用下面方法画直角:把一根长绳打上等距离的13个结,然后用桩钉如图那样钉成一个三角形,其中一个角便是直角,说明这种做法的根据.
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(13)(12)(11)(10)(1)(6)(9)(7)(8)
[&~@*%]
14.初春时分,两组同学到村外平坦的田野中采集植物标本,分手后,他们向不同的方向前进,第一组的速度是30米/分,第二组的速度是40米/分,半小时后两组同学同时停下来,而此时两组同学相距1500米. (1)两组同学行走的方向是否成直角? [%&~@^]
(2)如果接下来两组同学以原速相向而行,多长时间后能相遇? [~@#*&]
115.已知:如图,△ABC中,CDAB,垂足为D,且平分AB,CD=2AB,△ABC是等腰直角三角形吗?为什
么?请你与同伴交流,并说明理由.
[^*@%#]
16.四年一度的国际数学家大会会标如图甲.它是由四个相同的直角三角形与中间的小正方形拼成的一个大正方形.若大正方形的面积为13,每个直角三角形两条直角边的和是5.
(1)求中间小正方形的面积.
(2)现有一张长为6.5cm、宽为2cm的纸片,如图乙,请你将它分割成6块,再拼合成一个正方形.(要求:先在图乙中画出分割线,再画出拼成的正方形并表明相应数据)
[~@^%&] [@*#&^] [~*@]
参考答案 [#*^~%]
2221.直角三角形;9k+16k=25k 2.8或234 3.4、8 4.直角 5.m=2 6.直角、90°
7.直角 8.C 9.A 10.四边形地ABCD的面积为36 cm 11.S△ABC=6 cm 12.10天 13.3
222+4=5,应用勾股定理逆定理得直角三角形 14.(1)是.提示:(30×30)+(40×30)=
22221502222(50×30);(30×30)+(40×30)=1500;(2)7分钟
15.是.提示:∵BD=AD=DC,CD⊥AB ∴∠A=∠B=45°=∠BCD=∠ACD ∴BC=AC ∠BCA=90° 16.提示:(1)小正方形的面积为1;(2)分割成四个直角三角形和两个小长方形 [@#~&^]
课时分层作业(十三) 如何选择家居装修材料
(建议用时:40分钟) [基础达标练]
1.陶瓷和水泥材料是家庭进行装修时经常会用到的材料。下列关于陶瓷和水泥的说法中正确的是( ) ①陶瓷制品中的瓷砖坚硬、耐磨、耐水,不会腐蚀霉变,便于清洗 ②制备陶瓷的三种主要原料的主要成分均为硅酸盐类物质 ③水泥、沙子和水的混合物叫水泥沙浆,是建筑用黏合剂 ④在水泥沙浆中添加适量的水玻璃可以提高水泥沙浆的黏结性和胶凝性
A.①② C.②④
B.②③ D.①③④
D [厨房、卫生间的地面和墙面宜采用瓷砖装修,是因为瓷砖坚硬、耐磨、耐水,不会腐蚀霉变,便于清洗,①正确。制备陶瓷的三种主要原料为黏土、长石、石英,黏土是一种含水铝硅酸盐矿物,长石的主要成分是铝硅酸盐,石英的主要成分为二氧化硅,②错误。水泥、沙子和水的混合物叫水泥沙浆,是建筑用黏合剂,③正确。在水泥沙浆中添加适量的水玻璃可以提高水泥沙浆的黏结性和胶凝性,④正确。]
2.制备陶瓷和水泥共同的原料是( ) 【导学号:72572155】 A.石灰石 C.石英
B.黏土 D.石膏
B [陶瓷制品的原料是黏土、长石、石英,水泥则是以石灰石、黏土、石膏为主要原料。] 3.有关涂料的描述中,错误的是( ) A.涂料有天然涂料和合成涂料两大类
B.早期喷漆中可挥发有机溶剂含量高达95%,易污染环境 C.聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶漆是通过缩聚反应制备的
D.涂料中的溶剂是有机溶剂(如二甲苯、甲苯、醋酸丁酯等)或水,其作用是使基料溶解或分散成为黏稠的液体,以便施工
C [聚醋酸乙烯酯的结构简式为
,它是由醋酸乙烯(醇)酯通过加聚反应生成的,C项描述错
误。A、B、D三项描述均正确。]
4.下列关于材料的说法中,正确的是( ) 【导学号:72572156】
A.二氧化硅的提纯与应用,促进了半导体元件与集成芯片的发展 B.水泥、玻璃、塑料都是高分子材料 C.钢化玻璃与普通玻璃的主要成分不同
D.通常情况下,铝合金在空气中不易被腐蚀,可用作建筑材料
D [硅的提纯与应用,促进了半导体元件与集成芯片的发展,A错误。水泥、玻璃不是高分子材料,塑料是
高分子材料,B错误。钢化玻璃与普通玻璃的主要成分相同,C错误。通常情况下,铝合金在空气中不易被腐蚀可用作建筑材料,D正确。]
5.有关起居室装修材料的选择,下列说法正确的是( ) A.起居室地面装修以铺瓷砖或天然大理石板或石膏板为宜
B.塑钢是以聚氯乙烯为基材,以碳酸钙为填充料,用玻璃纤维增强制成的 C.起居室的吊顶用材可选用玻璃板等 D.起居室装修只用大量的涂料和玻璃
B [起居室地面装修以铺瓷砖或天然大理石板为宜,不能铺石膏板,A错;起居室的吊顶用材可选用石膏板C错;起居室装修除了用到大量的涂料和玻璃,还用到瓷砖或天然大理石板、塑钢等,D错。]
6.室内环境污染可分为化学污染、物理污染、生物污染和放射性污染,关于室内环境污染的说法不正确的是( )
【导学号:72572157】
A.化学污染主要来自装修材料挥发的有毒有机物 B.为防止生物污染应定期为居室杀菌、消毒
C.放射性污染物氡无色无味很难被人察觉,应选专业机构测量 D.为了防止室内污染应紧闭门窗 【答案】 D
7.在入住装修过的新房之前,下列做法中正确的是( ) A.紧闭门窗,防止装修面干裂、变质 B.适度开窗通气,充分地进行内外空气对流
C.用高浓度的甲醛溶液对室内环境消毒 D.在各个房间内喷洒空气清新剂,以免有异味
B [紧闭门窗不利于排出有害物质,A项错误;甲醛有毒不适用于室内环境消毒,C项错误;喷洒空气清新剂并未消除污染,D项错误。]
8.下列关于选择家居装修材料的说法错误的是( ) 【导学号:72572158】
A.厨房和卫生间的地面应选用防滑瓷砖 B.家庭墙面装饰应选用水溶性乳胶漆 C.卧室应选用复合木地板 D.黏合剂应选用天然黏合剂
C [复合木地板能够释放甲醛,不宜在卧室使用。] [能力提升练]
9.某科研小组用高岭土(主要成分是Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O并含有少量CaO和Fe2O3)研制新型净水剂(铝的化合物)。其实验步骤如下:将土样和纯碱混匀,加热熔融,冷却后用水溶解熔块、过滤、弃去残渣,滤液用盐酸酸化、过滤,分别得到沉淀和溶液,溶液即为净水剂。
(1)写出熔融时,土样的主要成分与纯碱反应的方程式(只写出一个即可): ______________________________________________________________。 (2)最后的沉淀物是________;并写出有关离子方程式:
______________________________________________________________。
(3)实验中常用的坩埚有瓷坩埚和铁坩埚,本实验在熔融土样时选用________坩埚。
【解析】 由制普通玻璃的反应原理可写出Na2CO3与SiO2的反应方程式。熔块溶解过滤的滤液中主要含有Na2SiO3、Na[Al(OH)4],加盐酸后Na2SiO3跟盐酸生成H2SiO3沉淀,Na[Al(OH)4]跟过量盐酸反应生成AlCl3做净水剂。瓷坩埚中含有SiO2,在高温下能跟Na2CO3发生反应,因此应用铁坩埚。
高温
【答案】 (1)Na2CO3+SiO2=====Na2SiO3+CO2↑
-(2)H2SiO3 2H++SiO23===H2SiO3↓ (3)铁
10.某化学兴趣小组查阅资料得知:甲醛是一种无色有刺激性气味的气体,沸点为-19.5 ℃,易溶于水,易被高锰酸钾氧化生成其他气体。甲醛对人的皮肤和呼吸器官有强烈的刺激作用。大多数装修材料中含有甲醛。请
回答下列问题:
【导学号:72572159】
(1)CO使人中毒是因为很容易和人体血液中的________结合。
(2)该兴趣小组收集V1 L含有甲醛和CO的某居室空气,用如图装置测定其中甲醛和CO的含量。则装置A中盛放的试剂是________,实验中还需要测定的数据是________。为了获得较准确的实验结论,他们需要采取的方法是________(填序号)。
a.仔细做好每步操作,只做一次实验 b.在A、B间加一个干燥装置 c.重复做2~3次上述实验
【解析】 (1)CO容易和人体血液中的血红蛋白结合而使血红蛋白失去运输O2的能力,使人中毒。 (2)根据实验装置图及甲醛易溶于水而CO难溶于水可知先将甲醛和CO的混合气体通入水中,甲醛被吸收,而CO可以把装置B中的水压入到量筒中,量筒中水的体积即为CO的体积。从而确定混合气体中甲醛和CO的含量。该实验没必要增加干燥装置,为使结果可靠,应重复实验2~3次。
【答案】 (1)血红蛋白 (2)水 C中水的体积 c
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