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虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的运用
1、状语从句中的虚拟语气 （1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气（if引导的条件句） 说明 与现在事实相反 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 动词的过去式would/ should/ If I were you, I should buy it. （be的过去式could/ might + 如果我是你，我就买了它。 一般用were） 动词原形 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 省略if 的用法 动词过去式would/ should/ If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. （be用were）could/ might + 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。 /should + 动动词原形 词原形/were to + 动词原形 有were, had, should等可省if，将were/had/should移至句首 主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同。 Were I you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 Had you studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。 Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have succeeded. 如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功。 But for the English test, I would have gone home this week. 要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。 Without war in the world, people would live a more happy life.如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。 He is ill. Otherwise he could come. 他病了，否则他会来的。 If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. （过去-----现在） 如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。 If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the movie last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在-过去) 含蓄条件句 错综时间在虚拟语气中，有时并没有明显的表示条件的句子，而是通过句子的逻辑关系或一些词、短语等暗示出来，如without, but for(要不是), otherwise(否则) 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的条件句 的时间，主句和从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。 If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他们离家早的话，半个小时就该到了。（过去—将来） If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago. （将来—过去） 如果莫妮卡今天到达的话，那她一定在三天前就动身了。
（2）方式状语从句（as if/ though） 说明 与现在/将来情况相反 与过去情况相反 从句谓语 例句 特别提示 动词过去式She loves the child as if he were her own. （be用were） John pretends as if he didn’t know the thing at all. Had +过去分词 从句时态与主句没有关He speaks English as if he had studied it in England 系。 before.
（3）让步状语从句（even if /though） 说明 与现在/将来情况相反 与过去情况相反 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn’t lose courage. 即使他们会失败，他们也不会泄气。 Even if it had been raining, we should have had a get-together. 即使天下雨了，我们也应聚聚的。 动词过去式Would/should+动词原（be用were） 形 Had +过去分词 Would/should +have+过去分词
(4)目的状语从句（so that, in order that等引导）（了解内容） 从句谓语 Can/could/may/might/would/should+动词原形 例句 特别提示 We had a meeting so that we could know what to do next. 现在英语中常用陈述我们开了个会以便能了解接下来该做什么。 句语气。 We took a taxi in order that we could get there on time. 为了按时到达那里，我们乘了辆出租车。
2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 分说明 类 主语从句 在it is/was important/apity/necessary/ suggested/ required that …等句子中 从句谓语 (Should+)动词原形 例句 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误 与现在/将 主句谓语是来情况相反 would rather/sooner/ 与过去情况相反 prefer等 与现在情况 相反 宾主句谓语是wish 语与过去情况从相反 句 与将来情况相反 在suggest, advise, propose, insist, demand, desire, request, require, decide, order, command等表示建议、要求、决定或命令的动词 过去式 I would rather you came this weekend. 我宁愿你这个周末来。 I would rather he had visited us yesterday. 我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。 Had+过去分词 动词过去式（beI wish it were spring all the year round. 用were） 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！ I wish I could help you. 但愿我能帮助你。 Had+过去分词 She wishes she had been here last week. 她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。 would/could/might I wish you would be more careful in + 动词原形 future. 希望你今后会更小心一些才好。 We proposed that the medicine (should) be cleaned again. 我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。 The captain ordered that we (should) leave the village before daybreak. 上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。 The students requested that the teachers sing a song at the English evening. 学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。 I insist she go there with her mother. 我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。 [注意] insist作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克力言他从未偷过东西。 My advice is that more trees (should) be planted around the village. 我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。 Their proposal is that we (should) set up （should+）动词原形 主句主语为表示 命令、建议、要表求等的名词，如 （should+）动词原形 语从句 suggestion, order, advice, desire, idea, request, proposal等 表示建议、命令、希望、要求等的名词如suggestion, order, proposal, idea, plan （should+）动词原形 a spare time school for them. 他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。 His idea is that we (should) discuss the report. 他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。 What do you think of the idea that we (should) begin the second experiment at once? 你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？ 同位语从句
3、其他情况的虚拟语气 分类 It is (high/about) time that If only 引导的感叹句 从句谓语 过去式/should+动词原形（should不能省略） 与现在情况相反 与过去情况相反 与将来情况相反 过去式（be用were） Had+过去分词 would/ should/could/ might/ + 动词原形 例句 It is time we went to bed. It’s about time you began your work. If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了就好了。 If only problems would come one at a time! 要是问题一次只发生一个该多好！ 表示祝愿的句子 May或may+动词原形 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
练习题及答案解释
The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost
解析：这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。
2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
3. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
解析：until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
4. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。
5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 解析：题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性
的。”should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B. should there be 就是本题答案 。 7、When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man.
A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off
解析： propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（A）. turn off
8、I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended
解析：B. had offended 。本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was 暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。
9、The board deemed it urgent that these files right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed
解析： D. should be printed 。因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。
10、 The board deemed it urgent that these files right away. A. had to be printed B. should have been printed C. must be printed D. should be printed
解析：it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。
11、 Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of
Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed
解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。
12、I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
解析：（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述
的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。 13. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended
解析：（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词
apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
14. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now.
A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
解析：该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。
15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
16. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling
解析：（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。
17. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me
解析：（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings . A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 解析：表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could,
might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。 19. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with
ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
解析：（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。
20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 解析：（A）．表示与现在相反的虚拟。 21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 解析：A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
解析：D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。 23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 解析：D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
24. He described the town as if he it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 解析：A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
25. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
解析：（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。 26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
解析：（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
27. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。 28. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .
A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have 解析：（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。 29. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
解析：（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。
30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 解析：（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。
31. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up 解析：（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。
32. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 解析：（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。
33. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t 解析：B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。
34. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received
解析：C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。
35. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him. ( 1995年6月四级第46题)
A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 解析：本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned。
36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got 解析：本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期内并
不会存在。该条件句应当用表示将来情况的虚拟语气。条件从句的谓语用should或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got是虚拟语气的过去时，不能表示将来时间。选项D. could have got不能用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。 37. Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.(1993年6月四级第70题)
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 解析：if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。 38 .That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.
a.hasn't watered b.had not been watered c.didn't water d.wasn't watered
解析：本题测试as if 从句的虚拟语气。一般来说，as if 从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或纯粹是一种假设时，通常使用虚拟语气。
39. I'd rather you ____ anything about it for the time being. a. don't do b.did c.didn't do d.would do 解析：would rather 表示愿望，后接从句用虚拟语气，用过去时。
40. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice a.follow b.would follow c.had followed d.have followed
解析：本题测试if only 引起的感叹句的虚拟语气。if only 引起的感叹句，相当于“how I wish +宾语从句”。其谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句形式相同。
41. We are all for your proposal that discussion _____.(1998年6月四级第68题)
a. be put off b. was put off c. should put off d. is to put off
解析：全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
在It's (high) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。 42. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?(1995年6月四级第43题)
A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left
解析：“现在已经十六点钟了，难道你不认为该回家了吗？”句中的“it's about time …”引起虚拟。因此答案是C。 43. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure
解析：“这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。”在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。答案是a。
44. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though
out of the office.
A. went B. gone C. to go D. would go
解析：答案为：C. to go 。 as though或as if引导的状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语,如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted)
2) From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. (省略he were)
3) The boy started, as if awakened from some dream. (省略he were) 由此可见,本题中省略she wanted。
45. I'd rather you by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone
解析：“我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想像在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。”主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选答案为 C. went。
46. for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Be it not D. Should it not be 解析：“要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。”本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。答案： A. Had it not been
47. A safety analysis the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
A. would identify B. will identify C. would have identified D. will have identified
解析：“一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。”这是对过去时间的虚拟，表示过去要做而没有做的事。因而答案选 C. would have identified
48. In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
解析：“过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。”因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。 答案：C. work 49. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through
解析：本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是B. would have got through。选项A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相
反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C.
would get through（就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D. could get through（可能通过），could也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反。
50. I'd rather you _____by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone
解析：主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。
强化训练：虚拟语气
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go
C. have gone D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been B. were
C. was D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time. A. had had B. have had
C. had D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike? A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had
C. have D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came
C. would have come D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early. A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time. A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD 11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD
21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD 31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACD
解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。 7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。 9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。 13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。 18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。 20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。 25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。 27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。 29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。 39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
40.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
虚拟练习
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got 4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come
17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb
19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon you _____her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again
A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost 26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son A. is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held 31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules A. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey 36. I wish I ____here then
A. was B. had been C. were D. would be 37. It is strange that he ____back so early
A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come
38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done
39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it! A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing
44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try 45. ----How could I thank you enough?
----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it
A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done
46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______
to allow inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed 47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths A. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been
48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered
49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished 50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been 51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then A. come B. came C. would come D. will come
52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on 53. I hope that you ____ right
A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be
54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you A. am B. have been C. should be D. would be
55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning A. start B. started C. would start D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came
57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead
A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied 58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb
答案
C B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A D C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A A C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C
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