画鸵萌宠网
Task 1Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1. Skim the following passage for the answers to the questions below.1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the increase of
population, the demolition of trees, etc.)3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
4) Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.5)
In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.
Reading 1Task 2Causes for Global WarmingUnderstanding Lectures through ClassificationListening 1classifications of key terms.1. Listening to the lecture and write down whatever you believe is important, especially theUnconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.
2. Use your notes. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). Then justify your answers, in the space provided, by giving evidence from the talk.1) T2) F3) F4) F5) T6) F7) T8) F
3. Listen again, paying attention to the following classifications and then complete the tables below.Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivationIdea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict
4. Listen again and piece your notes together into a short summary. Then retell the lecture to your partner.There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation;
second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.
Task 3Reading Classification ArticlesReading 2Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary1. Work with a partner or a group of 3—4 students. Study the title and phrases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).2) √The purpose of using renewable energy sources.√The classification of renewable energy sources.
√The examples of different types of renewable energy sources.
√The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.√The history of the use of different energy sources.□ How energy is obtained from various sources.3) I will write:
(1) The definition of the renewable energy.(2) The classification of the renewable energy.
(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.2. Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.3) The main demerit is that it is limited.
5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.
6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.
7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.
8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.10) The Environmental Protection Agency.
3. Match the target words with the definitions below. You may infer their meaning from context.1) j. evolution
2) s. solar
3) a. architect8) f. crusade
4) l. geothermal5) p. preserve9) h. distribute
) b. biodegradable7) r. radioactive
10) q. radiant
11) i. domestic12) t. validation16) n. install4. For open discussion4) Sailors, farmers and architects.
13) k. generator14) d. capture
19) o. internal
15) g. definitely20) c. blade
17) e. consumption18) m. harness
Reading 3Types of Pollution5. Read the definitions below and choose the words that fit these definitions.1) voluntary
2) construction
3) contamination8) irrigation
13) vapor18) underground
4) eruption9) confine14) decay19) concentration
5) regulation10) sewage15) erosion20) combat
6) deforestation7) yield11) hazardous12) residential16) disrupt
17) particulate
6. Match each paragraph with its main idea.Paragraphs
Main ideas
(_k_) Para. A(_s_) Para. B(_z_) Para. C(_f_) Para.D(_o_) Para. E(_x_) Para.F
a. Definition and sources of noise pollution.b. Characteristics of radioactive pollution.c. Effects of water pollution.
d. Consequences of radiation pollution.e. Causes of thermal pollution.f. Effects of air pollution.
(_c_) Para. G(_y_) Para. H(_q_) Para. I(_v_) Para. J(_a_) Para. K(_i_) Para. L(_b_) Para. M(_l_) Para. N(_d_) Para. O(_w_) Para. P(_e_) Para. Q
g. Problems caused by thermal pollution.h. Undesirable results caused by light pollution.i. Damages caused by noise pollution.j. Causes and harms of visual pollution.
k. A general description of the 9 recognized sources of pollution.l. Sources of radioactive pollution.m. Effects of visual pollution.n. Sources of visual pollution.o. What is water pollution.
p. Definition and sources of personal pollution.q. Soil pollution sources.
ParagraphsMain ideas
(_g_) Para. R(_u_) Para.S(_h_) Para. T(_j_) Para. U(_n_) Para. V(_m_) Para. W(_p_) Para. X(_t_) Para.Y(_r_) Para. Z
r. The interrelations among all kinds of pollution.s. The definition of air pollution.t. How to eliminate personal pollution.u. Definition and sources of light pollutionv. Problems caused by soil pollution.w. Definition of thermal pollution.x. Causes of water pollution.y. Definition of soil pollution.z. Sources of air pollution.
7. Decide which of the statements can be inferred from Reading 3, and then write down the
numberof the paragraph(s) from which your answer most probably comes, leaving the explicit or false statements unnumbered, but using E or F respectively to indicate that they are explicit or false. Discuss your answers with a partner.Paragraphs(Marked I, or E or F)
Statements
Para. ZE
1. A knowledge of different pollution types enables a person to change his lifestyle.2. Thermal pollution is caused by too much heat which creates unfavorable effects over a long time.
3. If the air is f illed with a high concentration of pollutants, it would lead to obvious problems.
4. Noise pollution may lead to deafness or interrupt the normal life of wild animals.5. Water pollution may result in an insufficient supply of drinkable water.
6. Since visual pollution causes few immediate health effects, it is not serious at all.7. Soil pollution may be both intended and unintended.
Para. DPara. LPara. EFPara. H
E8. Over smoking and drinking belongs to personal pollution.
Task 4Writing an Essay of ClassificationReading 4Types of Sustainability1. Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.Parts
Para.
Main ideas
Supporting details
IA
Classif ication of sustainability: human, economic, social, and
environmental.Def inition of human sustainability:
It is vital to understand the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.Elements involved: For parents:
to proper education, and promoting their health and well-being.
For children: having enough skills and knowledge.
and consumption) We must preserve all our sources as we consume them.
good productive health and safe childbearing.caring for their children, giving them accessB
Definition of economic sustainability: havingExplanation: (relation between preservation C
a set amount of capital for a certain period.
II
D
Why social capital is important: It is Explanation (how to achieve it):
through communities and civil societies that Throughhumankind can easily and inexpensively work proper maintenance of and adherence
to laws, rules, and values that societies together.
have developed for the common
good, socialWhy environmental sustainability is important: Elements involved:
sustainability can be achieved.
It involves natural resources that human beings Natural resources: Materials taken E—F
need for economic or manufactured capital.
from nature are used for solutions that address human needs.
Waste emissions: They must be at volumes that nature can handle.
5. Study the following models, and then paraphrase the sentences below by changing the orderof a structure. The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as different as possible in structure and as formal as possible in style.1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.
2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.
3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between education and training.
) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to malignant
melanoma.
5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.
7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorial expansion.
8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.
10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.
Integrated Exercises2. Match each word in the box with the group of words that regularly occur with it in all cases.1) motivationcapture6) distributeemergence11) adherence
2) demolish7) assert
3) symptom8) yield
4) combat9) internal
5) 10)
12) disrupt
3. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but as different as possible in vocabulary and structure and as formal as possible in style. You are required to use the words given in capital letters. And then compare them with your partner’s.1) Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.
2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.
4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of the local residents.5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.
8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.
9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy.
5. Translate the following sentences into English by using the phrase above. Make sure that your English sentences are as formal as possible. Then compare them with your partner’s to see whose version is more formal.1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.
2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.
3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the poorconditions.4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.
6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.Listening 2A. Listen, note down the important ideas and details, and then decide whether the followingstatements are true or false. Use T for true and F for false.(1) T(2) F(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) F
B. Listen carefully, and then answer the following questions briefly with the information from the lecture.(1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. (3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials. (4) The love and belonging needs.
(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of other
people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.C. Listen again and write a short summary of the lecture.This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness. Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacitiesand talents.
(2) The lower one.
Listening 3A. Listen, note down the important ideas and details, and then choose the best answer to
thefollowing questions from the four choices given.(1) A (2) A (3) Dmissing words.classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up, immune system, creeping up, shuffling, infect, rip through, hospitalizations.C. Listen again and answer the following questions.(1) B C E
(2) ① ABC② ABAC
③ AB
④ AB
⑤ ABC
⑥ C
⑦ A ⑧ A ⑨ A ⑩
(4) C(5) B
B. Listen again focusing on the specific information, and then fill in the blanks with the
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容