12.1-高考英语专题复习-时态语态讲解及练习

时态语态及一般用法 谓语构成 时间状语 特殊用法 Be (am, is, are) do / 一般现在时： does 1)经常性或习惯性的动作 2)现在的特征，状态 及能am / is / are done 力 3)普遍真理, 格言警句 always,usually,every 1)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻time,seldom, 表将要发生的事 sometimes often, 2)在时间、条件、方式状语从now 句中，用一般现在时代替一and then, 般将来时。 occasionally 特殊句型:1)Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正发生动作) 2)It is/has been+时段+since…. 一般过去时： 表示过去发生的，和现在无联系的动作或状态或习惯动作 一般将来时： 将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作 be (was, did were) yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now was/were done will/shall do next…, tomorrow, am/is/are going to in+时段，from now do on, in the future, am/is/are to do am/is/ are about to do will/shall be done would/should be done was/were going to be done 1）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作. eg. Oil will float on water. Whenever he has time, he will come. 其否定式表示―不能… 没法…‖ The machine won’t work.(机器没法开动) 2）Cf:be going to 表示说话 已经作出的主观的打算或计表 划达有某种迹象要发生的事 will do表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性 be to do表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。 be about to do ―正要干什么…‖，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示 将来的时间状语连用。常与when 连用，when意为：―就在这时‖，是并列连词 构成句型： …be about to do …when… time 现在完成时:1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有have/has done have/has been done for+时段, since, so 特殊句型: far, ever, never, just, 1)It’s the first yet, till/until, up to that…(have/has done). 第 1 页 共 6 页

时没有时间状语，有时有时间状They have cleaned the classroom. (They cleaned the classroom and it is clean now.)2． 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。He hasn’t given me any more trouble since then. now, in the 2)It has been/is +时间段past(…)years, +since…. always, recently This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3)短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, 如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词, 如die—be dead , leave—be away , come back –be back , fall in love with ---be in love with , marry—be married to , join –be a member of /be in… He has died. He has been dead 3 years.(He died 3 years ago.) 时态、语态及一般用法： 现在完成进行时： 将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作. I shall have finished it before lunch. The new building will have been completed by the end of August. 过去完成时 谓语构成 时间状语 特殊用法： have/has been doing all day long, whole have/has been being the morning, for+done 时段 will/shall have done be going to have by +将来时间. done will/shall have been done be going to have been done 表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿.) 1）How long has it been raining?2）I’ve been sitting here all day. 有时也用来表揣测. They will have arrived by now. We worked together for a year. He won’t have forgotten me. had done had been done …before, by, 1）用于hardly …when ;no sooner…than …（一….until, when, 就…）等句子中。 第 2 页 共 6 页

表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即―过去的过去‖。 after, once by Hardly had we arrived when she started the end of +过complaining. 去时间 2）hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。 I had hoped to take my seat in all this noise without being found. 我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现） 3)It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时have/has done）； It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时had done）。 eg. It is the first time that I’ve been here. It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. 4)用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。 If I had known his telephone number yesterday, I would have called 5)by the time+从句（用一般过去时）作状语，主句用过去完成时We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.) these days, nowadays, at present, at the moment, now 1)下列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 We’re moving to the new building next week. 2)下列副词always, continually , constantly, never 等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are always forgetting the important things. 3．无进行时态的动词：表―存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情‖等状态 存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain 所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound,look /seem /appear,smell, taste,feel,see, hear 认识: understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe 情感：like, love, hate , prefer, 现在进行am/is/are doing 时： am/is/are being done 1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。 2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 ①I don’t really work here. I’m helping 第 3 页 共 6 页

until the new secretary comes. 过去进行was /were + doing 时：1．表was /were + being 示 过去+done 某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。The teacher came in when they were talking. at that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 o’clock last night １．Hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求， 表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况． I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope…) 2.come, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事 He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong. 3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情 _--What did you say? --I was asking what you thought of it. Exercises:

1.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 2. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written 3. –Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? --Of course. What is it?

--I ____ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.

A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 4. ---____David and Vicky ____ married? ---For about three years.

A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get

5. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

6. They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____ on it as no good results have come out so far.

A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have worked; were still working D. have worked; are still working

7. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain. A. started;had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; eas hiding D. was started; hid

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8. Scientists think that the continents ____ always where they ____ today.

A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were 9. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. --What a pity! Tina ____ here to see you.

A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 10. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.

A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 11. –Where did you put the car keys？

--Oh, I ____ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in.

A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming C. remember; come D. remember; was coming 12. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____ at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired

KEY: AABCB AACBBDC

1. Why don’t you put the meat in the fidge?It will ____ fresh for several days.

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 2. The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait 3. –George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? --No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding?

A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite

4. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.

A. has been caused B. had been caused

C. will be caused D. will have been caused 5. –What would you do if it ____tomorrow?

--We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

6.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 7. In a room above store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held 8. I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred

C. was going ; occurred D. was going; had occurred

9. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.

A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected

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10. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered.

A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 11. –Did you see a man in black pass by just now? --No, sir. I ____ a newspaper.

A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading 12.--____you ____him around the museum yet? --Yes. We had a great time there.

A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

Key: BBCAB BACCD BA

1. The news came as no surprise to me. I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 2. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing.

A. would be completed B. was bing completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 3. –You were out when I dropped in at your house. --Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport.

A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 4. –The window is dirty. --I know. It ___ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away 6. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ____ and see him.

A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 7. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____yesterday.

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 8. The house belongs to my aunt but she ___ here any more.

A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live C. hadn’t lived D. doesn’t live 9. Customers are asked to make sure that they____ the right change before leaving the shop. A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given 10. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 11. They ____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 12. At the end of the meeting, it was announed that an agreement _____.

A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached

KEY: ADADD ADDBD BB

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