上海牛津版Unit3 The Earth知识点归纳(1)

1.句型要点

“there be结构”常用来表示“某时或某地有某人或某物”，其形式为“there be +名词+地点状语/时间状语”。期中be动词为谓语动词，它的形式应于紧跟其后作主语的名词保持人称和数的一致。

There is a desk and four chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。

There are four chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有四把椅子和一张桌子。

“there be结构”与 have 区别

1) “there be 结构”强调“存在关系”，而have 强调“所属关系” There is a boat in the river. 河里有一条船。 I have a nice watch.我有一块好看的手表。 2）表示“有”时，“there be”不能与行为动词have连用，在表示“附属于某物/某地的东西”是，“there be ”不可与 have 替换。 例子：下周三有个班会。

There is going to have a class meeting next Wednesday.(错） There is going to be a class meeting next Wednesday.(对） 教室的墙上有四扇窗户。

There are four windows in the wall of the classroom. =The classroom has four windows in the wall.

2.文中句子：There are also many people like you and me on Earth. 1）重点：also，too与either用法三者都表示“也”，但用法不同 also too either 常放在实意动词前，be动词、连系动词或情态动词后面 常放在肯定句句末 只用于否定句句末 She plays the piano and sings too.=She plays the piano and also sings. 她弹钢琴也唱歌。

I don’t like the pink bag.I don’t like it either. 我不喜欢那个粉色的包，我也不喜欢它。 2）like 此处用作介词，意为“像……一样”。

That’s not right.Do it like this.那样不对，像这样做才对。 【回顾】like也可以作动词，意为“喜欢”。Like doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事。

3.文中句子：The Earth provides us with air, water and food. Provide与offer的用法区别

Provide及物动词，意为“提供”，常与介词with连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，也可以用于provide sth. for sb.

例句：The Sun provides us with light and heat.(=The Sun provides light and heat for us.) Provide与offer用法的区别【表】

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provide offer 指“准备好必须品来供应” 指“主动地提供帮助、支撑等”，强调“主动提供” provide + sth + for + sb =provide +sb +with +sth offer + sb + sth = offer + sth + to + sb 例句：They provide food for the hungry children. 他们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。

He offered his help to me. 他表示愿助我一臂之力。 She offered him a cup of tea. 她给他一杯茶。 中考例题：

 The charity provides home less people _________food and clothes. A with B for C as

4.文中句子：We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground. Put相关短语用法

Put...into...意为“把……倒入……” 【回顾】和put有关的短语：

put up 举起；张贴；搭起 put off 推迟

put away 把……收拾好 put down 放下；写下；记下 Put on 穿上 put out 扑灭，熄灭

5.文中句子：We must stop doing these things. Stop doing sth 与 stop to do sth 的区别 Stop doing sth. Stop to do sth. 停止做某事（doing作宾语） 停下来做某事，表示“停下手中正在做的事，去做另外一件事”（to do 作目的状语） 例句： We stopped talking when Mr Wang came in.当王先生进来时，我们停止了谈话。

We stopped to talk when we met in the street.当我们在街道上碰见是，我们停下来说话。 中考例题：

----Dad,why must I stop __________ computer games? ----For your health, my boy.

A play B to play C to playing D playing

6.句子：fewer and fewer fish in the sea each year 1)few此处用作形容词，意为“少数的，很少的” few ，a few , little , a little 用法和区别

四者均可用于名词前，表示数量，但其含义不同，如下：

few a few little a little 表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有” 表示肯定意义，意为“有一些” 表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有” 表示肯定意义，意为“有一点儿” 修饰可数名词附属 修饰不可数名词

He has a few coats, but few good ones.他有几件外套，但好外套不多。

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There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里几乎没有墨水了。你能给我点墨水吗？

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