2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国1卷）

第一部分 听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C． 1．（1.5分）Where does this conversation take place？ A．In a classroom． B．In a hospital． C．In a museum．

2．（1.5分）What does Jack want to do？ A．Take fitness classes． B．Buy a pair of gym shoes． C．Change his work schedule．

3．（1.5分）What are the speakers talking about？ A．What to drink． B．Where to meet． C．When to leave．

4．（1.5分）What is the relationship between the speakers？ A．Colleagues． B．Classmates． C．Strangers． 5．（1.5分）Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation？ A．She might want a ticket． B．She is looking for the man． C．She has an extra ticket．

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

6．（3分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）How long did James run his business？ A．10 years． B．13 years． C．15 years．

（2）How does the woman feel about James' situation？ A．Embarrassed． B．Concerned． C．Disappointed．

7．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）What has Kate's mother decided to do？ A．Return to school． B．Change her job． C．Retire from work．

（2）What did Kate's mother study at college？ A．Oil painting． B．Art history．

C．Business administration．

（3）What is Kate's attitude toward her mother's decision？ A．Disapproving． B．Ambiguous． C．Understanding． 8．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）What is the man doing？ A．Chairing a meeting． B．Hosting a radio program． C．Conducting a job interview．

（2）What benefits Mary most in her job？ A．Her wide reading． B．Her leaders' guidance．

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

C．Her friends' help．

（3）Who will Mary talk about next？ A．Her teacher． B．Her father． C．Her mother．

9．（6分）听材料，回答下列问题．

（1）Why does the man seldom do exercise？ A．He lacks motivation． B．He has a heart problem． C．He works all the time．

（2）What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do？ A．He's an athlete． B．He's a researcher． C．He's a journalist．

（3）Why does the woman speak of a study？ A．To encourage the man． B．To recommend an exercise． C．To support her findings．

（4）How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly？ A．300 minutes． B．150 minutes． C．75 minutes．

10．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）What did the scientists do to the road？ A．They repaired it． B．They painted it． C．They blocked it．

（2）Why are young birds drawn to the road surface？ A．It's warm． B．It's brown．

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

C．It's smooth．

（3）What is the purpose of the scientists' experiment？ A．To keep the birds there for a whole year． B．To help students study the birds well． C．To prevent the birds from being killed．

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 11．（6分）

Need a Job This Summer？

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs． The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program．

Not a student？ Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills， find a job or start businesses all year round． Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province， you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program， Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training． Who is eligible： Youth 15﹣18 years old in select communities（社区）． Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands﹣on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses．

Who is eligible： Students aged 15﹣29， returning to school in the fall． Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer．

Who is eligible： Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire， but not turning 18 before December 31 this year． Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program， students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service， its related agencies and community groups．

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older． Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．

（1）What is special about Summer Company？ A． It requires no training before employment． B． It provides awards for running new businesses． C． It allows one to work in the natural environment． D． It offers more summer job opportunities．

（2）What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program？ A．15﹣18． B．15﹣24． C．15﹣29． D．16﹣17．

（3）Which program favors the disabled？ A． Jobs for Youth． B． Summer Company． C． Stewardship Youth Ranger Program． D． Summer Employment Opportunities． 12．（8分）For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue， N．Y．，today is speech day ，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn． The 8﹣year﹣old is the joker of the class． With shining dark eyes， he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking． But he's nervous．\"I'm here to tell you today why you should …should…\"Chris trips on the\"﹣ld，\"a pronunciation difficulty for many non﹣native English speakers． His teacher ，Thomas Whaley ，is next to him， whispering support．\"…Vote for …me …\"Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well． When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him． A son of immigrants， Chris started learning English a little over three years ago． Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom． Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience． What you need is a 第5页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

great teacher who lets you make mistakes． \"It takes a lot for any student，\" Whaley explains，\"especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don't know，but I want to know．'\"

Whaley got the idea of this second﹣grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president． The answer broke his heart． Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public． He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves．

\"Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，\" Whaley says，\"is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident．\"

（1）What made Chris nervous？ A． Telling a story． B． Making a speech． C． Taking a test． D． Answering a question． （2）What does the underlined word \"stumbles\" in paragraph 2 refer to？ A． Improper pauses． B． Bad manners． C． Spelling mistakes． D． Silly jokes． （3）We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to ． A． help students see their own strengths B． assess students' public speaking skills C． prepare students for their future jobs D． inspire students' love for politics （4）Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher？ A． Humorous． B． Ambitious． C． Caring． D． Demanding． 第6页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

13．（8分）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common， the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies﹣like fingerprint scans﹣to keep others out of private e﹣spaces． At present， these technologies are still expensive， though．

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low﹣cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard． This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses． These patterns are unique to each person． Thus， the keyboard can determine people's identities， and by extension， whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to﹣regardless of whether someone gets the password right．

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with． Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently．

In a study describing the technology， the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \"touch\"four times using the smart keyboard． Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed， with very low error rates． The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive， plastic﹣like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future． （1）Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？ A． To reduce pressure on keys． B． To improve accuracy in typing． C． To replace the password system． D． To cut the cost of e﹣space protection． （2）What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？ A． Computers are much easier to operate． B． Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast． C． Typing patterns vary from person to person． D． Data security measures are guaranteed． 第7页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

（3）What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ A．It'll be environment﹣friendly． B．It'll reach consumers soon． C．It'll be made of plastics． D．It'll help speed up typing．

（4）Where is this text most likely from？ A．A diary． B．A guidebook． C．A novel． D．A magazine．

14．（8分）During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status． I was the queen of the playground． Then came my tweens and teens， and mean girls and cool kids． They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others， among whom I soon found myself．

Popularity is a well﹣explored subject in social psychology． Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers． The likables' plays﹣well﹣with﹣others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump﹣start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work． Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behavior． Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed， Dr． Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences． Those who were highest in status in high school， as well as those least liked in elementary school， are \"most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior．\" In one study， Dr． Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）． \"We found that the least well﹣liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates． But so had those who were high in status． It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us．\" Dr． Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play 第8页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

date﹣sharing， kindness， openness ﹣ carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others．

In analyzing his and other research，Dr． Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes， too． \"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， \" he said．

（1）What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？ A． Unkind． B． Lonely． C． Generous． D． Cool．

（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A． The classification of the popular． B． The characteristics of adolescents． C． The importance of interpersonal skills． D． The causes of dishonorable behavior． （3）What did Dr． Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids？ A． They appeared to be aggressive． B． They tended to be more adaptable． C． They enjoyed the highest status． D． They performed well academically． （4）What is the best title for the text？ A． Be Nice﹣You Won't Finish Last B． The Higher the Status， the Better C． Be the Best﹣You Can Make It D． More Self﹣Control， Less Aggressiveness 第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项． 15．（10分） 第9页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You？

We all grew up hearing people tell us to \"go out and get some fresh air．\" （1） According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good．

（2） If the air you're breathing is clean﹣which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities﹣then the air is filled with life﹣giving，energizing oxygen． If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain．

Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）．（3） In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery． It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood（情绪）．Greenery is good for us． Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead． （4） It gives us a great feeling of peace． （5） While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin， they also give is beneficial Vitamin D． To make sure you get enough Vitamin D﹣but still protect your skin﹣ put on sunscreen right as you head outside． It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D． A． Fresh air cleans our lungs． B． So what are you waiting for？ C． Being in nature refreshes us． D． Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight． E． But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F． Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care． G． All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens． 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项． 16．（30分）Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro， the highest mountain in Africa． They（1） with them lots of waste． The （2） might damage 第10页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

the beauty of the place． The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing， changing the（3） of Kilimanjaro．

Hearing these stories， I'm （4） about the place ﹣ other destinations are described as \"purer\" natural experiences．

However， I soon （5） that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of（6） among tons of rubbish． I find a（7） mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths． The environmental challenges are（8） but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be （9） ．

The best of a Kilimanjaro （10） ， in my opinion， isn't reaching the top． Mountains are（11） as spiritual places by many cultures． This（12） is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as（13） go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers． At the base is a rainforest． It ends abruptly at 3， 000 meters，（14） lands of low growing plants． Further up， the weather（15） ﹣ low clouds envelope the mountainsides， which are covered with thick grass． I（16） twelve shades of green from where I stand． Above 4， 000 meters is the highland（17） ： gravel（砾石）， stones and rocks．（18） you climb into an arctic﹣like zone with（19） snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear． Does Kilimanjaro （20） its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true． （1）A． keep （2）A． stories （3）A． position （4）A． silent （5）A． discover （6）A． equipment （7）A． remote （8）A． new （9）A． paying off B． mix B． buildings B． age B． skeptical B． argue B． grass B． quiet B． special B． spreading out C． connect C． crowds C． face C． serious C． decide C． camps C． all C． significant C． blowing up D． bring D． reporters D． name D． crazy D． advocate D． stones D． clean D． necessary D． fading away

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

（10）A． atmosphere （11）A． studied （12）A． view （13）A． scientists （14）A． holding on to （15）A． changes （16）A． match （17）A． village （18）A． Obviously （19）A． permanent （20）A． enjoy

B． experience B． observed B． quality B． climbers B． going back to B． clears B． imagine B． desert B． Easily B． little B． deserve

C． experiment C． explored C． reason C． locals C． living up to C． improves C． count C． road C． Consequently C． fresh C． save

D． sight D． regarded D． purpose D． officials D． giving way to D． permits D． add D． lake D． Finally D． artificial D． acquire

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 17．（15分）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland． While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay in Canada． It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） （poor） studied； however， biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide． Modern methods（3） tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） （perform） consistently over a large area． In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements， leading to a（6） （believe） that populations are increasing． Scientists have responded by （7） （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements， leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） （high） than they actually are． Of（9） nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six（10） （be） stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data． 第12页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

第四部分 写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）

18．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词． 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词． 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident． One afternoon where I was in primary school， I was walking by the school playground． Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me． I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground． To everyone′s surprising， the ball went into the net． All the football player on the playground cheered loudly， say that I had a talent for football． From now on， I started to play my football with classmates after school． I am a good player now． 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

19．（25分）假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展．请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．个人优势； 3．能做的事情． 注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．结束语已为你写好．

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

2019年全国统一高考英语试卷（全国1卷）

参与试题解析

第一部分 听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C． 1．（1.5分）Where does this conversation take place？ A．In a classroom． B．In a hospital． C．In a museum． 【分析】略 【解答】B 【点评】略

2．（1.5分）What does Jack want to do？ A．Take fitness classes． B．Buy a pair of gym shoes． C．Change his work schedule． 【分析】略 【解答】A 【点评】略

3．（1.5分）What are the speakers talking about？ A．What to drink． B．Where to meet． C．When to leave． 【分析】略 【解答】B 【点评】略

4．（1.5分）What is the relationship between the speakers？

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

A．Colleagues． B．Classmates． C．Strangers． 【分析】略 【解答】C 【点评】略

5．（1.5分）Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation？ A．She might want a ticket． B．She is looking for the man． C．She has an extra ticket． 【分析】略 【解答】A 【点评】略

第二节（每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．

6．（3分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）How long did James run his business？ A．10 years． B．13 years． C．15 years．

（2）How does the woman feel about James' situation？ A．Embarrassed． B．Concerned． C．Disappointed． 【分析】略 【解答】C B 【点评】略

7．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题．

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（1）What has Kate's mother decided to do？ A．Return to school． B．Change her job． C．Retire from work．

（2）What did Kate's mother study at college？ A．Oil painting． B．Art history．

C．Business administration．

（3）What is Kate's attitude toward her mother's decision？ A．Disapproving． B．Ambiguous． C．Understanding． 【分析】略 【解答】A C C 【点评】略

8．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）What is the man doing？ A．Chairing a meeting． B．Hosting a radio program． C．Conducting a job interview．

（2）What benefits Mary most in her job？ A．Her wide reading． B．Her leaders' guidance． C．Her friends' help． （3）Who will Mary talk about next？ A．Her teacher． B．Her father． C．Her mother． 【分析】略 【解答】B A C

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【点评】略

9．（6分）听材料，回答下列问题．

（1）Why does the man seldom do exercise？ A．He lacks motivation． B．He has a heart problem． C．He works all the time．

（2）What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do？ A．He's an athlete． B．He's a researcher． C．He's a journalist．

（3）Why does the woman speak of a study？ A．To encourage the man． B．To recommend an exercise． C．To support her findings．

（4）How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly？ A．300 minutes． B．150 minutes． C．75 minutes． 【分析】略 【解答】A B A C 【点评】略

10．（4.5分）听材料，回答下列问题． （1）What did the scientists do to the road？ A．They repaired it． B．They painted it． C．They blocked it．

（2）Why are young birds drawn to the road surface？ A．It's warm． B．It's brown． C．It's smooth．

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（3）What is the purpose of the scientists' experiment？ A．To keep the birds there for a whole year． B．To help students study the birds well． C．To prevent the birds from being killed． 【分析】略 【解答】B A C 【点评】略

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 11．（6分）

Need a Job This Summer？

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs． The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program．

Not a student？ Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills， find a job or start businesses all year round． Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province， you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program， Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training． Who is eligible： Youth 15﹣18 years old in select communities（社区）． Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands﹣on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses．

Who is eligible： Students aged 15﹣29， returning to school in the fall． Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer．

Who is eligible： Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire， but not turning 18 before December 31 this year．

Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program， students are hired each year

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in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service， its related agencies and community groups．

Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older． Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．

（1）What is special about Summer Company？ B A． It requires no training before employment． B． It provides awards for running new businesses． C． It allows one to work in the natural environment． D． It offers more summer job opportunities．

（2）What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program？ D A．15﹣18． B．15﹣24． C．15﹣29． D．16﹣17．

（3）Which program favors the disabled？ D A． Jobs for Youth． B． Summer Company． C． Stewardship Youth Ranger Program． D． Summer Employment Opportunities．

【分析】本文主要讲述了和家长们在暑假期间给学生提供各种暑假工作，并对各种工作和要求进行了说明和介绍．

【解答】1．B．细节题．根据文章第四段内容，Summer Company provides students with hands﹣on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses．暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励，以启动和经营他们自己的暑期业务．由此可知，暑假公司为学生开办生意提供奖金，结合选项，故选B．

2．D． 细节题．根据文章内容，Stewardship Youth Ranger Program．．Who is eligible： Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire， but not turning 18 before December 31 this year．由此可知，Stewardship Youth Ranger Program这个项目的学生应该是年龄在16到17岁之间，

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不得超出18岁．结合选项，故选D．

3．D．细节题．根据文章内容，Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）．． Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older． Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．由此可知，Summer Employment Opportunities是为15岁以上的孩子准备的，而有些职位要求残疾人士的学生年龄为15至24岁或最多29岁．由此推测，Summer Employment Opportunities是为残疾孩子准备的，结合选项，故选D．

【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

12．（8分）For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue， N．Y．，today is speech day ，and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn． The 8﹣year﹣old is the joker of the class． With shining dark eyes， he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking． But he's nervous．\"I'm here to tell you today why you should …should…\"Chris trips on the\"﹣ld，\"a pronunciation difficulty for many non﹣native English speakers． His teacher ，Thomas Whaley ，is next to him， whispering support．\"…Vote for …me …\"Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well． When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him．

A son of immigrants， Chris started learning English a little over three years ago． Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom． Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience． What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes． \"It takes a lot for any student，\" Whaley explains，\"especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don't know，but I want to know．'\"

Whaley got the idea of this second﹣grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president． The answer broke his heart． Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public． He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves．

\"Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，\" Whaley says，\"is very difficult for a

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child who came into the classroom not feeling confident．\"

（1）What made Chris nervous？ B A． Telling a story． B． Making a speech． C． Taking a test． D． Answering a question．

（2）What does the underlined word \"stumbles\" in paragraph 2 refer to？ A A． Improper pauses． B． Bad manners． C． Spelling mistakes． D． Silly jokes．

（3）We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to A ． A． help students see their own strengths B． assess students' public speaking skills C． prepare students for their future jobs D． inspire students' love for politics

（4）Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher？ C A． Humorous． B． Ambitious． C． Caring． D． Demanding． 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．通过Chris Palaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长的做出的努力．通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语上的信心．

【解答】（1）B 细节理解题．将题干中的nervous定位的第二段第一句，此处与上文构成转折，所以通过上下文可知他在做演讲．故选B．

（2）A 词义猜测题．A、不正确的停顿；B、没有礼貌；C、拼写错误；D、愚蠢的玩笑．根据句意：除了一些……，克里斯做的非常好．结合前一句I'm here to tell you today why you should …should…可知他在表达时有些\"不正确的停顿\"，故答案为A．

（3）A 推理判断题．通过题干中的Whaley's project将本题答案定位在倒数第二段最后

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两句Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public． He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves，惠利说，这个项目不仅仅是在公共场合学习阅读和演讲．他希望这些孩子学会夸口\"可知他不只是想让孩子们学会在公共场所读书讲话，他想让这些孩子们学会夸耀自己，最后一段\"Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident夸耀自己及自己的最好的品质对于没有自信的孩子来说很难的\"可知他的目的是让孩子们看见自己的优点（see their own strengths）．故选A．

（4）C 推理判断题．本题要求找出能够描述老师Whaley的词，Humorous幽默的；ambitious有雄心的；caring关心的；demanding苛求的．通过文章中的叙述可知Whaley通过让学生做公开演讲来增强孩子们的语言能力，更重要的是增强孩子们的自信，所以他是一位关心孩子成长的老师，故答案为C．

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案．

13．（8分）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common， the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies﹣like fingerprint scans﹣to keep others out of private e﹣spaces． At present， these technologies are still expensive， though．

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low﹣cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard． This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses． These patterns are unique to each person． Thus， the keyboard can determine people's identities， and by extension， whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to﹣regardless of whether someone gets the password right．

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with． Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently．

In a study describing the technology， the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word \"touch\"four times using the smart keyboard． Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed， with very low error rates． The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is

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mostly made of inexpensive， plastic﹣like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．

（1）Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard？ D A． To reduce pressure on keys． B． To improve accuracy in typing． C． To replace the password system． D． To cut the cost of e﹣space protection．

（2）What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？ C A． Computers are much easier to operate． B． Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast． C． Typing patterns vary from person to person． D． Data security measures are guaranteed．

（3）What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ B A．It'll be environment﹣friendly． B．It'll reach consumers soon． C．It'll be made of plastics． D．It'll help speed up typing． （4）Where is this text most likely from？ D A．A diary． B．A guidebook． C．A novel． D．A magazine． 【分析】本文是科教类阅读，主要介绍随着数据和身份盗窃越来越普遍，生物鉴别技术﹣﹣如指纹扫描﹣﹣的市场正在扩大，以防止他人进入私人电子空间．他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘，科学家期待这发明进入市场． 【解答】1． D．细节理解题．根据第二段 Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low﹣cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘，可知是降低电子空间保护的成本．故选D． 第23页（共36页）

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2． C．细节理解．根据第二段 These patterns are unique to each person． Thus， the keyboard can determine people's identities， and by extension， whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to﹣regardless of whether someone gets the password right．这些模式对每个人来说都是独特的．因此，键盘可以决定人们的身份，进而决定他们是否应该被允许访问它连接到的电脑，不管密码是否正确．可知打字模式因人而异使这一发明成为可能，故选C．

3． B．细节理解．根据最后一段The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive， plastic﹣like parts． The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．研究人员称，这种键盘应该非常容易商业化，而且大部分都是由廉价的塑料类部件制成的．研究小组希望在不久的将来将其推向市场，可知它很快就能到达市场，故选B．

4． D．文章出处．本文是科教类阅读，主要介绍随着数据和身份盗窃越来越普遍，生物鉴别技术﹣﹣如指纹扫描﹣﹣的市场正在扩大，以防止他人进入私人电子空间．他们发明了一种低成本的设备来解决这个问题：智能键盘，科学家期待这发明进入市场．可知文章出自科学杂志，故选D．

【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据． 14．（8分）During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status． I was the queen of the playground． Then came my tweens and teens， and mean girls and cool kids． They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others， among whom I soon found myself．

Popularity is a well﹣explored subject in social psychology． Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers． The likables' plays﹣well﹣with﹣others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships， jump﹣start interpersonal skills and， when tapped early， are employed ever after in life and work． Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behavior．

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed， Dr． Prinstein's studies show unpleasant

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consequences． Those who were highest in status in high school， as well as those least liked in elementary school， are \"most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior．\" In one study， Dr． Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents， scoring the least liked， the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）． \"We found that the least well﹣liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates． But so had those who were high in status． It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us．\" Dr． Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date﹣sharing， kindness， openness ﹣ carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others．

In analyzing his and other research，Dr． Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes， too． \"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， \" he said． （1）What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school？ C A． Unkind． B． Lonely． C． Generous． D． Cool． （2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A A． The classification of the popular． B． The characteristics of adolescents． C． The importance of interpersonal skills． D． The causes of dishonorable behavior． （3）What did Dr． Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids？ B A． They appeared to be aggressive． B． They tended to be more adaptable． C． They enjoyed the highest status． D． They performed well academically． 第25页（共36页）

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（4）What is the best title for the text？ A A． Be Nice﹣You Won't Finish Last B． The Higher the Status， the Better C． Be the Best﹣You Can Make It

D． More Self﹣Control， Less Aggressiveness

【分析】本文是一篇议论文．文章主要讲了哪些人受欢迎，哪些人不受欢迎，以及他们的一些优势和劣势．

【解答】1． C 细节理解．根据第一段\"During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status．在小学的美好岁月里，我喜欢分享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了很高的社会地位．\" 可知作者是慷慨大方的．故选C．

2． A 段落大意．根据第二段\" Popularity is a well﹣explored subject in social psychology． Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers．大众化是社会心理学中一门探索性很好的学科．临床心理学教授米奇•普林斯坦将大众化分为两类：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人． \"可知这段讲的是大众化的分类．故选A．

3． B 推理判断．根据第四段\"\"We found that the least well﹣liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates．\"\"我们发现，随着时间的推移，最不受欢迎的青少年对他们的同学变得更具攻击性．\"根据第四段\" But so had those who were high in status． It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment， high status has just the opposite effect on us．但是，那些在统计上处于高位的青少年也是如此．它清楚地表明，虽然可爱可以导致健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响正好相反\"\"根据最后一段\"\"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， \" he said．被喜欢创造了学习和新的生活体验的机会，帮助某人获得优势，\"他说．\"可知被喜欢的人获得的机会更多，也就是更易被人接受，所以B正确．故选B．

4． A 主旨大意．根据第三段\"Those who were highest in status in high school， as well as those least liked in elementary school， are \"most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior．\"那些在高中地位最高的人，以及那些在小学最不受欢迎的人，\"最有可能从事危险和危险的行为\"．可知B项\"The Higher the Status， the Beer地位越高，越好\"是

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不对的，所以B不正确．根据倒数第二段\"Dr． Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date﹣sharing， kindness， openness ﹣ carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others．Prinstein博士还发现，邻居们希望你在游戏中分享、友善、开放﹣﹣这些品质一直延续到后来的几年，使你能够更好地与他人相处和联系\"以及最后一段\" In analyzing his and other research，Dr． Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes， but it is also responsible for those outcomes， too． \"Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage， \" he said．在分析他的研究和其他研究时，普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论：受欢迎不仅与积极的生活结果有关，而且对这些结果也负有责任．\"被喜欢创造了学习和新的生活体验的机会，帮助某人获得优势，\"他说．\"可知本文主要是讲了要需会分享，要友善，要好好和别人相处，A项\"要友好，你不会是最后一个完成的\"符合文意．故选A． C项\"成为最好的\"，这比较片面，不是文中的主旨；D项\"More Self﹣Control， Less Aggressiveness更多的自我控制，更少的侵略性\"比较片面；综合分析可知A正确．故选A．

【点评】1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目． 2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换． 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章 第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有两项为多余选项． 15．（10分）

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You？

We all grew up hearing people tell us to \"go out and get some fresh air．\" （1） E According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is

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good．

（2） A If the air you're breathing is clean﹣which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities﹣then the air is filled with life﹣giving，energizing oxygen． If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain．

Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）．（3） G In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery． It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood（情绪）．Greenery is good for us． Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead． （4） C It gives us a great feeling of peace．

（5） D While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin， they also give is beneficial Vitamin D． To make sure you get enough Vitamin D﹣but still protect your skin﹣ put on sunscreen right as you head outside． It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D．

A． Fresh air cleans our lungs． B． So what are you waiting for？ C． Being in nature refreshes us． D． Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight．

E． But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？ F． Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care．

G． All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens． 【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论在没有污染的环境中，新鲜空气对人体有好处，能加快病人的康复．

【解答】（1）E 考查细节理解． 段中句，看前后．根据后一句\" According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good，根据最近的研究，如果你的露营地的空气质量好的话，答案是\"是的\"．\"可知此处和E项\" But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈常说的那样对你有好处吗？\"相吻合，故答案为E．

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（2）A 考查细节理解．段首句，看下文．根据后一句\"If the air you're breathing is clean﹣which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities﹣then the air is filled with life﹣giving，energizing oxygen如果你呼吸的空气是干净的，如果你远离城市的烟雾，那么空气中充满了赋予生命的、使氧气充满活力的空气\"可知干净的空气富含提神的氧气，这是在解释新鲜空气能清洁我们的肺的原因．和A项\"Fresh air cleans our lungs新鲜空气清洁我们的肺．\"相吻合，故答案为A．

（3）G 考查细节理解． 段中句，看前后．根据前文的\"Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）最近，人们开始研究自然世界和治疗之间的联系\"和下文的\"In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery．在这些地方，病人在康复过程中可以接近自然．\"可知此处涉及康复中心这个关键词，所以和G项\" All across the country， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens在全国各地，康复中心已经开始建造康复花园．\"相吻合．故答案为G． （4）C 考查细节理解．段中句．前文中的tree branches与nature对应，后一句It gives us a great feeling of peace指在自然中，和C项\"Being in nature refreshes us．在大自然中让我们焕然一新．\"相吻合．故答案为C． （5）D 考查细节理解．段首句，看下文．根据后一句中的\"While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin， they also give is beneficial Vitamin D尽管太阳光会老化并伤害我们的皮肤时，但是它们也会提供有益的维生素D．\"可知本段涉及太阳光对人体的好处，所以和D项\" Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光．\"，故答案为D． 【点评】本题考查对文章的逻辑关系的把握，答题时紧扣上下文的关键词寻找关联信息． 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项． 16．（30分）Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro， the highest mountain in Africa． They（1） D with them lots of waste． The （2） C might damage the beauty of the place． The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing， changing the（3） C of Kilimanjaro． Hearing these stories， I'm （4） B about the place ﹣ other destinations are described as \"purer\" natural experiences． However， I soon （5） A that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports 第29页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

of（6） C among tons of rubbish． I find a（7） D mountain， with toilets at camps and along the paths． The environmental challenges are（8） C but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be （9） A ．

The best of a Kilimanjaro （10） B ， in my opinion， isn't reaching the top． Mountains are（11） D as spiritual places by many cultures． This（12） A is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as（13） B go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers． At the base is a rainforest． It ends abruptly at 3， 000 meters，（14） D lands of low growing plants． Further up， the weather（15） A ﹣ low clouds envelope the mountainsides， which are covered with thick grass． I（16） C twelve shades of green from where I stand． Above 4， 000 meters is the highland（17） B ： gravel（砾石）， stones and rocks．（18） D you climb into an arctic﹣like zone with（19） A snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear．

Does Kilimanjaro （20） B its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true． （1）A． keep （2）A． stories （3）A． position （4）A． silent （5）A． discover （6）A． equipment （7）A． remote （8）A． new （9）A． paying off （10）A． atmosphere （11）A． studied （12）A． view （13）A． scientists （14）A． holding on to

B． mix B． buildings B． age B． skeptical B． argue B． grass B． quiet B． special B． spreading out B． experience B． observed B． quality B． climbers B． going back to

C． connect C． crowds C． face C． serious C． decide C． camps C． all C． significant C． blowing up C． experiment C． explored C． reason C． locals C． living up to

D． bring D． reporters D． name D． crazy D． advocate D． stones D． clean D． necessary D． fading away D． sight D． regarded D． purpose D． officials D． giving way to

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2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

（15）A． changes （16）A． match （17）A． village （18）A． Obviously （19）A． permanent （20）A． enjoy

B． clears B． imagine B． desert B． Easily B． little B． deserve

C． improves C． count C． road C． Consequently C． fresh C． save

D． permits D． add D． lake D． Finally D． artificial D． acquire

【分析】文章介绍乞力马扎罗山每天都充满了游客，这些人群对山上的生态造成了破坏． 【解答】1﹣5． DCCBA 6﹣10． CDCAB 11﹣15． DABDA 16﹣20． CBDAB 1． D．考查动词辨析．根据下文with them lots of waste可知，他们带来很多垃圾．bring带来．故选D．

2． C．考查名词．根据上文40，000 people可知，这些人可能破坏这个地方的美．crowds人群．故选C．

3． C． 考查名词．根据上文 The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing可知这会改变乞力马扎罗山的外貌．face面貌．故选C．

4． B．考查形容词辨析．根据下文 The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing可知，我对这点很怀疑．skeptical怀疑的．故选B．

5． A．考查动词．根据下文much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of可知，我很快怀疑很多事情已经改变了．discover发现．故选A．

6． C．考查名词辨析．根据下文with toilets at camps 可知，这里指垃圾堆里面的营地．camp营地．故选C．

7． D． 考查形容词辨析．根据下文with toilets at camps and along the paths可知，这座山是干净的．clean干净的．故选D． 8． C．考查形容词辨析．根据上文The environmental challenges 可知，环境挑战是重大的，significant重大的．故选C． 9． A．考查动词短语．根据上文but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be可知，公园父母做出的努力没有白费．pay off没有白费；spread out分散；blow up爆炸；fade away逐渐褪色．故选A． 10． B．考查名词辨析．根据下文isn't reaching the top可知，乞力马扎罗山最好的经历不是爬到山顶．experience经验，经历，atmosphere气氛．故选B．

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11． D．考查动词． 根据下文as spiritual places by many cultures可知，山脉被认为是很多文化的精神的地方．be regarded as被认为是．故选D．

12． A．考查名词．根据上文 in my opinion可知，这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤其是这样．view观点．故填A．

13． B． 考查名词．根据下文go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers可知，登山者经历五个生态地区．climbers登山者．故填B．

14． D．考查动词短语，根据下文lands of low growing plants可知，3000公里高度的地方给低矮的植物让路．giving way to给…让路．故选D．

15． A．考查动词．根据下文low clouds envelope the mountainsides，可知再往上，天气变化．change改变．故选A．

16． C．考查动词．根据下文twelve shades of green from where I stand可知，作者数了12种草的色调．count重要，数数．故选C．

17． B．考查名词．根据下文gravel（砾石）， stones and rocks可知，4000米以上是沙漠．desert沙漠．故选B． 18． D．考查副词．根据下文you climb into an arctic﹣like zone with可知，你最终爬到像极地一样的地带．finally最终．故选D． 19． A．考查形容词．根据上文arctic﹣like可知，这里有永久的雪．permanent永久的．故选A． 20． B．考查动词． 根据下文its reputation as a crowded mountain可知，乞力马扎罗山应该得到它的拥挤的山的名声吗？ deserve值得，应得到．故选B． 【点评】本题为完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项． 第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 17．（15分）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland． While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence（1） that they range all the way across the Arctic， and as far south as James Bay in Canada． It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been（2） poorly （poor） studied； however， biologists calculate that there are about 20，000﹣25，000 polar bears worldwide． 第32页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

Modern methods（3） of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid﹣1980s，and are expensive（4） to perform （perform） consistently over a large area． In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut（5） have reported （report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements， leading to a（6） belief （believe） that populations are increasing． Scientists have responded by （7） noting （note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements， leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are（8） higher （high） than they actually are． Of（9） the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six（10） are （be） stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data．

【分析】从20世纪80年代中期开始，人们才开始使用现代的方法保护北极熊种群，生物学家计算出全世界大约有20000﹣25000只北极熊．北极熊的数量正在下降． 【解答】1． that．考查同位语从句．本句是同位语从句，后文句子是对名词evidence的解释和说明，从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that引导．故填that．

2． poorly．考查副词．此处用副词修饰动词study，poorly是副词\"贫乏地\"，所以填poorly． 3． of/for．考查介词．追踪北极熊的方法，应该用methods of 或者for表达，所以填of或者for．

4． to perform．考查不定式．be +形容词+动词不定式是英语的固定句型，其中动词不定式做主语补足语．所以填to perform．

5． have reported．考查时态．根据时间状语 In recent years 在近几年来，可见与现在完成时连用，故填have reported

6． belief．考查名词．此处是用名词做宾语，根据句意：使人相信北极熊的数目在增加．belief是名词\"相信\"，所以填belief．

7． noting．考查非谓语．介词by后跟动名词，note是动词，所以填noting．

8． higher．考查比较级．根据比较级的句型than的前边必须用形容词的比较级，所以填higher．

9． the．考查冠词．序数词前边必须用定冠词the，所以填the．

10． are．考查主谓一致．six做主语是指六个熊群，所以谓语动词用复数形式，故填are． 【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力．解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．

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第四部分 写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）

18．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词． 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词． 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident． One afternoon where I was in primary school， I was walking by the school playground． Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me． I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground． To everyone′s surprising， the ball went into the net． All the football player on the playground cheered loudly， say that I had a talent for football． From now on， I started to play my football with classmates after school． I am a good player now． 【分析】短文主要描写了作者由于一个偶然事件开始对足球感兴趣，并最终成为一个优秀足球运动员．从中可以看出做好一件事自信是多么重要． 【解答】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident． One afternoon where I was in primary school， I was walking by the school playground． Suddenly ∧football feel just in front of me but almost hit me． I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground． To everyone′s surprising， the ball went into the net． All the football player on the playground cheered loudly， say that I had a talent for football． From now on， I started to play my football with classmates after school． I am a good player now． 详解： 1．interesting改为interested．考查形容词，修饰人用过去分词形式的形容词．故interesting改为interested． 2．were改为when．考查状语从句．此处表示时间，\"当我上小学时\"，因此用when 来引导时间状语从句．故were改为when． 3．在football 前加a．考查冠词用法．此处football是可数名词，并表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或事物．故在football 前加a． 第34页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

4．but 改成and．考查连词．连接两个并列谓语，这两个动作\"fell\"和\"hit\"是并列关系，应用and．故在but 改成and．

5．hardly改成hard．考查副词．本句应为用力踢，在这里hard 为副词，容易误用成hardly（几乎不）．故hardly改成hard．

6．surprising改成 surprise．考查名词．在短语\"to one's surprise\"中，one's 后应为名词，再如：to one's disappointment/delight\"令人失望/高兴的\" 等．故surprising改成 surprise． 7．player 改成players．考查名词单复数．这里指场上所有足球运动员，应为复数．故player 改成players．

8．say 改成 saying．考查非谓语动词．本句的谓语是cheered，say 不作谓语，在这里应为状语，和句子主语players 是主动关系，所以改为现在分词．故say 改成 saying． 9．now 改成 then．考查固定搭配．本文时态是一般过去时，此处表示的是\"自那时起\"，所以改为from then on．from now on．表示\"从现在起\"．故now 改成 then．

10． my 去掉．考查固定搭配．球类前一般不加冠词，play football/basket．故my 去掉． 【点评】考查短文改错．学生首先要懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或记性，并且注意人称代词，从句的引导词，名词单复数，和对全文时态的把握，对于一些固定搭配，平时的学习中要注意积累． 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

19．（25分）假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展．请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的； 2．个人优势； 3．能做的事情． 注意： 1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．结束语已为你写好． 【分析】高分句型

1．Knowing that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings， I am writing to apply for volunteering．

句子里，现在分词Knowing 和宾语从句that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of 第35页（共36页）

2021年全国统一高考英语试卷以及答案(全国1卷解析版)-19年全国一英语

Chinese paintings做原因状语．

我知道当地美术馆将举办一个中国画展览，所以写信申请志愿服务．

2．As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old ， I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners．

句子里，修饰先行词 a student ，关系词 who引导定语从句 has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old．

作为一名5岁就开始学习中国画的学生，我很高兴有机会向外国人介绍中国画． 【解答】Dear sir or madam，

I am a Chinese student named Li Hua， who is studying in London during the summer vacation． Knowing that the local art gallery will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings， I am writing to apply for volunteering． 【高分句型一】（写信目的）

As a student who has learned Chinese painting since 5 years old ， I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners． 【高分句型二】Besides， my fluent spoken English and rich knowledge about Chinese paintings will help visitors understand the meaning behind each painting deeply．（个人优势以及能做的事情） I will appreciate it if I could be given the opportunity． Looking forward to your early reply．（期盼回复） Yours， LiHua．

【点评】本文属于提纲作文，动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．

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