初3英语总复习资料

初三英语复习句子成分及其句子种类人教版

【同步教育信息】

一. 本周教学内容：

复习句子成分及其句子种类

一. 组成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子的成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

二. 句子最基本的结构是：主语＋谓语

主语：在句子中的位置是放在句首：可以作主语的词类有名词、代词、数词、不定式以及词组、从句等等。

e.g. The boys are playing football now. 名词作主语

Two and two are four. 数词作主语

To learn a foreign language is very useful. 动词不定式作主语 This is a key. 代词作主语。

谓语：谓语放在主语之后，动词作谓语，包括及物动词，不及物动词，系动词。 e.g. The students are reading books. 动词作谓语

表语：放在谓语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语

用作表语的词有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，不定式，词组，从句等等。 e.g.

We are students. 名词作表语 This desk is hers. 代词作表语 Lee is fifteen. 数词作表语

Sarah’s car looks nice. 形容词作表语

Our plan is to plant trees. 动词不定式作表语 Is your father in? 表示地点的副词作表语

宾语：宾语放在谓语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语，宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。 e.g. Please pass me the salt. 间接宾语 直接宾语

用作宾语的词有：名词，代词，数词，不定式短语，名词性的形容词或从句。 e.g.

Do you need any help?

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名词作宾语

Would you like to help me? 代词作宾语 He bought ten oranges. 数词作宾语

The teacher wants to take these chairs out of the room. 动词不定式作宾语

宾语补足语：在句子中放在宾语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语

可以用作宾语补足语的词有：名词，形容词，不定式和分词。名词或者代词＋形容词/名词/不定式/分词 e.g.

The good news made me happy. 形容词作宾补

Did you hear her sing just now? 动词不定式作宾补 I saw him cleaning the window yesterday. 分词作宾补 Let us have a rest. 不定式短语作宾补

状语：一般放在句尾，有时放句首或句中。作状语的词有：副词，介词短语、词组，不定式短语，分词短语以及从句。

e.g. Immediately he started to sing. 副词放句首，作状语 I’m never late. 副词放句中作状语

He drives fast. 副词放句尾作状语。

Please park the car in front of the building. 介词短词作状语放句尾

They went to Shanghai to have a meeting. 动词不定式作状语 Jack watched TV day and night. 词组作状语

定语：请记住有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。一般情况下单个的名词，代词，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而词组、短语、从句要放在所修饰的名词之后。

可以用作定语的词有：形容词，代词，数词，名词或名词所有格、介词短语，不定式短语，词组，分词短语和从句。 e.g. e.g.

Ben is an old man. 形容词用作定语，放在名词之前。 Do you want another cake?

代词用作定语放在所修饰的名词前 The girl asked her mother two questions.

数词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。

The worker put the flowers in a paper bag. 名词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。

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Who’s the man over there?

介词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。

Could you bing me something to drink, please? 动词不定式作定语，放在不定代词之后。

The plane that can fly is a machine.

从句用作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。

三. 句子的结构：简单句，并列句和复合句

首先看简单句的五种基本句型

（1）主语＋谓语（不及物动词） e.g. Summer is coming.

（2）主语＋谓语（连系动词）＋表语。 e.g. You are very busy.

（3）主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语 e.g. Mr Liu teaches English.

（4）主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语 e.g. Mum gave me a dictionary. = Mum gave a dictionary to me.

（5）主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语 e.g. Lina asked him to go shopping together. We call him “Uncle Wang”

The students watched the teacher doing the experiment. 并列句：

并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句构成。常用的并列连词有：and, but, or, so, not only „but also„, both „and „等等。

e.g. John got up late, so he had to go to school without breakfast. 约翰起床晚了，所以只好不吃早饭而上学。 Hurry up, or, you’ll be late. 快点儿，否则要迟到了。

We like not only music but also art. 我们不但喜欢音乐，而且也喜欢艺术。

复合句：

复合句是由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。根据从句在句中的成分可以称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，定语从句，状语从句和同位语从句。 e.g. Whether he will come or not is not known. 他是否会来还不知道。（主语从句）

＝It is not known whether he will come or not.

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That is what I should do. 这是我的本份。（表语从句）

He asked me where Mr Pope lived.

他问我Pope先生住在哪里。（宾语从句）

The idea that we asked Mike to come yesterday is quite good. 昨天我们请迈克来，这个主意太好了。（同位语从句）

This is the room where I live last summer.

这就是我去年夏天住过的房间。（定语从句）

He’ll telephone his mother as soon as he gets there. 他只要一到那儿，就会给母亲打电话。（时间状语从句） Wherever there is smoke, there is fire. 无风不起浪。（地点状语从句）

Jean didn’t go to work because she was ill. Jean因病没有上班。（原因状语从句）

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Science Museum. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去科学博物馆。（条件状语从句）

Mr King spoke slowly so that everyone could understand him. 金先生将慢慢讲以使每个人都听懂他的话。（目的状语从句） He is so clever that all the teachers like him. 他是那么聪明，所有的老师都喜欢他。（结果状语从句） Although he was tired, he went on working. 虽然他累了，但他还在继续工作。（让步状语从句） This film is more instructive than that one. 这部电影比那部有教育意义。（比较状语从句）

四. 句子的种类：

句子可以分为4类：陈述句、疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。

陈述句：说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。 e.g. One day a tiger came out of the forest. He hasn’t had lunch yet.

疑问句：提出问题。在英语中疑问句可以分为四种：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1. 一般疑问句，用yes或者no回答的疑问句，用升调。 e.g. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Did she like swimming when she was young? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.

2. 特殊疑问句：用疑问词引导的疑问句，不能用yes或者no回答，用降调。 疑问代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which

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疑问副词有：when, where, why, how

还有：how many, how much, how old, how long, how far, how soon, how often, how tall, how high, what / which / whose ＋名词„ e.g. Whose computer is it? It’s mine. When do you usually get up every morning?

3. 选择疑问句：提出两个答案供选择回答，前一部分和一般疑问句差不多，后一部分用or连接需要提问的并列部分。

前部分用升降，后部分用降调，回答较灵活。 e.g.

Which country do you like better, China or India? China. Are you going to work or stay at home? I’m going to work.

4. 反意问句：反意问句一般分两部分，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是与前一部分意思相反的简短问句，用逗号隔开。

前一部分用升调，后一部分如果表示疑问，就用升调。如果只表示强调某种意思则用降调。

前一部分用肯定，后一部分用否定。前一部分用否定，后一部分就用肯定。 回答时yes, no要与事实取得一致。 e.g.

David is good at maths, isn’t he? Yes, he is.

大卫擅长数学，是吗？是的。

Kim hasn’t been to the U.S.A, has she? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 不，她去过了。 是的，她还没去过。

祈使句：表示命令、请求、号召等的句子。祈使句通常不表示出主语。 肯定句将动词原形放在句首。 否定句以Don’t ＋动词原形

e.g. Open your books, please.

Don’t talk in class. Listen to me carefully.

感叹句：表示说话时的惊异，喜悦气氛等情绪的句子。感叹句通常有两种，由what或者how修饰。感叹句句尾要用感叹号，用降调。 what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。 结构：What＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语„ e.g. What a nice day it is! What delicious food!

How＋形容词或者副词＋主语＋谓语„ e.g. How beautiful the flowers are! How fast Jim runs!

重点注意：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语序－－倒装语端午节快乐 序。

一般疑问句将助动词、情态动词、连系动词放在主语之前。 e.g. Is this a book?

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Are there any books on the table? Do you watch TV at night?

Did he finish his homework yesterday? Will they see a film tomorrow?

Have these watches been repaired by him? 特殊疑问句将疑问代词或者疑问副词放句首，后面跟着一般疑问句语序。只是在需要提问主语部分时，换成疑问代词，其它部分不变。 e.g. Mei Mei sings well. Who sings well?

I am drawing a horse. What are you drawing? He lives in Australia. Where does he live?

切记：在反意疑问句中如果前一部分中含有no, never, hardly, little, few等词时，这一部分就表示否定，后一部分要用肯定。

e.g. You never go to school by bus, do you? Mary has few friends, has / does she?

反意问句部分的时态，以及主、谓语要与主句一致。 请同学们注意下面的几个要点：

A. how far, how soon, how long, how often 在特殊疑问句中的区别。 how far 指距离：

How far is it from here to your home? 从这儿到你家有多远？ how long 指时间长短：

How long have you studied English? Three years. 你们学英语多长时间了？三年了。 how soon指多久，用于将来时态：

How soon will you be ready? I’ll be ready in two hours. 你要多久才能准备好？我要2个小时后才能准备好。 how often：问频度，多少时间一次： How often do you go to the zoo? Once a year.

你多久去一次动物园？每年一次。

B. how many＋名词复数＋一般疑问句语序

e.g. How many students are there in your school? How many times has he been to the Great Wall?

C. 当反意问句前一部分有I don’t think / believe „时，反意问句部分的主语、谓语和从句一致。

e.g. I don’t think Mr Wang will come, will he?

D. 祈使句的反意问句，后面要加一个简短问句，使语气更委婉。 e.g. Let’s have a rest, shall we? 让我们休息一会儿，好吗？ Let him go, will you? 让他走，怎么样？

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Close the door, will you? 关上门，好吗？

Don’t make so much noise, will you? 别吵闹，行不行？

【模拟试题】

I. 选择填空：

1. There _________ a lot of orange juice in the bottle. Would you like some? A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. －Do you often play basketball?

－Yes, usually _________ Saturday afternoon. A. in B. on C. at D. to

3. Mrs Smith teaches _________ history, we all like her. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 4. －Do you cook at home?

－Yes, but not so __________ as my sister. A. good B. better C. well D. best 5. －Where is Peter, do you know?

－He _________ Aunt Ying look after the baby. A. helps B. helped

C. was helping D. is helping 6. －Who was not here yesterday ?

－The headmaster. ________ she was ill and had to go to hospital. A. Because B. If C. Though D. When 7. －Shall we begin class now?

－One moment, please. I’ve got __________ important to say before class. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

8. Thank you for __________ me the news. －Not at all.

A. tell B. to tell

C. telling D. you told 9. －What __________ good weather! －Let’s have a game in the yard.

A. an B. a C. the D. / 10. －How old is Sam?

－He looks __________ than Jack, but they are of the same age. A. young B. younger

C. too young D. the youngest

11. －You won’t go to the Summer Palace tomorrow. －______ will I.

A. Also B. Too C. Neither D. Either 12. －Do you enjoy your life here, Mr Durham?

－Yes, of course, though I _____ here for only two weeks.

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A. stay B. am staying

C. had stayed D. have stayed

13. We are in class. You’d better _________. A. not talk B. not to talk C. not talking D. don’t talk 14. －Does autumn last long in Beijing?

－No. It usually _____________ from September to November. A. lasted B. lasts

C. is lasting D. will last 15. －How ______ is the small town? －Only a few kilometers from here.

A. long B. often C. far D. much 16. －Here is a ________ of my school.

－Oh, it’s very large. Is this your main building? A. book B. map

C. picture D. paper

17. －Where do you live in Melbourne? －Let me _________ you on the map.

A. give B. teach C. bring D. show

18. Chris asked me if _________ any English before I came to London. A. I learned B. I will learn C. did I learn D. will I learn

19. －Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the Beijing Zoo? －Sorry, I don’t know. Ask the policeman. He _________ know. A. must B. should C. may D. can 20. －What is paper made from? －It __________ from wood.

A. makes B. is making C. made D. is made

II. 完形填空：

From the other side of the road he saw the only lighted window on the third floor go black. His eyes came down to the big door, the entrance to the building. The light came warmly through there into the cold of the evening. After a little time a girl passed 1 the door, stopped at the top of the steps and pulled her coat close round her. He 2 her come down the steps, turn to the left and disappear along the road. He crossed the 3 , then went past the main entrance, turned at the corner of the building and went in at a 4 door. There stood the stairs. He climbed up to the third floor. Then he 5 open a small door. He came out into a brightly lit passage. At the end of the passage there was a door; on a plate on the door he 6 read“Mrs. Walter Countenay. ”

He turned the handle and went in. That door was 7 locked because the old lady didn’t want to be locked in. If she rang for somebody, she didn’t want to come and open the door. The room was dark. He went in and shut the door behind him.

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A 8 said, “Who is that? ”It was the first time he had heard her talking, and it was very much 9 he had expected.

He said, “Never mind who I am, and don’t be 10 . I’m not going to hurt you, ”He went forward and sat down on a chair by the big desk. There was 11 light in the room from the street outside, and he could see her sitting there on the other side of the desk. She was 12 up her hands a little and he saw that she had been knitting （编织）when he entered the room. “Well, ”she said, “What do you want? ”

“They key to your safe（保险柜）”, he answered.

1. A. over B. through C. around D. into 2. A. watched B. heard C. helped D. felt 3. A. river B. building C. road D. square 4. A. front B. back C. side D. garden 5. A. kept B. knocked C. broke D. pushed 6. A. would B. should C. might D. could 7. A. never B. often C. usually D. always 8. A. sound B. voice C. shout D. noise 9. A. as B. than C. that D. what

10. A. sad B. excited C. afraid D. angry 11. A. a lot of B. a little C. some D. no

12. A. putting B. getting C. picking D. holding

III. 阅读理解：

Jim Carrey has become one of the most famous faces in the world.

He was born in a working class family in New Market, Ontario, Canada on January 17, 1962. His family was very poor. Life was hard for young Jim Carrey. While in his teens, he had to work because his father lost his job. He didn’t have enough time for school. At last he dropped out of school. Yet one good thing came out of it, He developed a very good sense of humor.

He didn’t have any friends at that time. He was very busy. Between school and work he didn’t have enough time to live like a normal child. He felt lonely, At 15, he had enough time to start performing at York Yuks, a famous Toronto comedy club. Then he moved to Los Angeles and performed there.

Jim Carrey became famous for the first time in 1990. He played a part on a new comedy show called In Living Colour. The other actors were all African Americans. Carrey was the only white man. While there, he learned how to act like many different people.

He got into feature film（长片）in one successful year －1994. It was the Year of the Funny Face. First there was Det Detective. Next came The Mask. Jim Carrey was in the spotlight （公众注意中心）now.

Since that famous year Carrey has slowed down a bit. His films have come out less often but have continued to make waves. There was Betman Forever, next came Liar, Liar. The film was big success. He was on top of the world. Then came The Truman Show. The film showed the world that Jim Carrey was more than just a funny face.

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Carrey has come a long way from his hard childhood. In fact he seems to be living a second childhood now. Canada has been producing fine comedic actors for years, and Jim Carrey is surely the best one.

1. Jim Carrey developed a very good sense of humor because ________. A. he didn’t have to go to school. B. he started performing in comedies C. the comedy club taught him a lot

D. Canada produced a lot of comedic actors

2. When did Jim Carrey form his own way to perform? A. When he was fifteen

B. When he played a part in In Living C. After he got into feature films Colour D. After he became successful in The Mask. 3. Which of the following sentences is not true?

A. It took Jim Carrey very hard work to become famous.

B. 1994 was the most important year on Jim Carrey’s way to success. C. Now Jim Carrey’s films are not as successful as they were. D. Jim Carrey is thought to be the best comedic actor.

IV. 按照所给中文意思完成下列各句： 1. 你的汽车怎么啦？

______________ your car? 2. 孩子们正在忙着浇花。

The children are busy ____________. 3. Helen 年纪太小不能上学。 ___________ to go to school. 4. 人一到齐我们就出发。

We’ll start as soon as ___________ 5. 你愿意和他们一起去野营吗？

__________ to go camping with them?

V. 补全对话：

（Mrs Green is in a shop. She wants to buy a T-shirt for her son. ） A: Good morning, madam. Can I help you? B: 1 .

A: Here are T-shirts for boys. 2

B: Size L. He is a tall boy. He likes cotton T-shirts. A: 3 . It’s made in China. B: OK, let me have a look. 4 .

A: 280 yuan. It’s popular with young people.

B: But I’m afraid it’s a little more expensive and I don’t like the colour. A: Do you like this black one? It’s only 108 yuan. B: Hmm, it looks nice. 5 Thank you.

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VI. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空。 many, as soon as, have a rest, the other, late, catch, family, for, hold, who 1. －_______ is the tallest boy in your school? －Li Tong.

2. We are very tired. Let’s stop ________. 3. Are there ______ students in your school?

4. She will give the book to me _______ she comes back. 5. I’m not feeling well. Perhaps I _________ a cold.

6. I have two sisters. One is a teacher, _________ is a worker. 7. The old man ____ my hands and thanked me again and again. 8. Hurry up. We’ll be _____ for the class. 9. There are four people in my ________. 10. May I keep the book _______ a week?

VII. 书面表达：根据中文意思用英语写一篇短文，内容连贯，语句通顺，符合逻辑，词数50以上，所给的英文提示词语供选用。

电脑是当前最伟大的发明之一，已经在全世界得到了广泛应用。在一片赞扬声中，人们应该冷静地思考一下电脑的优缺点，请谈谈自己的看法。

help, instead of, touch, besides, work out

初中英语语法复习之动词时态知识点及巩固练习

英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时，要用不同的形式来表示，这种不同的形式叫做动词的时态。

英语常用的时态有八种，分别是：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

第一节 知识点概述

一、一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态，句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等时间状语。 例如：

1) He goes to school at seven o’clock everyday. 2) The sun rises in the east.

二、一般过去时

一般过去时主要用于表示过去时间，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 19, once, last week

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(month, year), at that time, just now 等时间状语。 例如：

1) he was born in 19.

2) I used to play football when I was young.

三、一般将来时

英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式，其共同特点是句中常有表示见来时间的状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in a week 例如：

1) We will visit the science museum next week. 2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.

四、现在进行时

进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常用now, at this moment等时间状语连用。 例如：

1) The boy is playing video games.

2) His father is writing a novel these days. 五、现在完成时

现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用：since, for, yet, already表示的一段时间状语连用。 例如：

1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980. 2) I have finished my task.

六、过去进行时

过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 例如：

1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 2) When I came in, they were having supper.

七、过去完成时

表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作和状态。 例如：

1) By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words 2) My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.

八、过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。 例如：

1) He said that he would study harder than before. 2) He didn’t tell me when he would go.

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第二节 实战演练

一、例题选讲

例1 Look, she _______(have) a bunch of flowers in her hand. 答案：has

提示：尽管句中有look，但在英语中表示“有”，不能用进行时态，本句意思指“她手中有一束花”。

例2 John _______(make) much progress in his lessons since last term. He ___ (study) harder later on.

答案：has made, will/is going to study

提示：第一句中，since last term暗示了谓语动词要用现在完成时态。说明从上学期以来取得了很大进步，第二句中的later on要注意用一般将来时。

例3 Cherry arrived at school after the class _______(begin) yesterday. 答案：had begun

提示：begin虽然也能作及物动词，但在表示某事开始时，一般以不及物动词出现，不用被动结构。

例4 If it ______(not rain) tomorrow, we _______ (go) to the park. 答案：doesn’t rain, will go

提示：这是条件状语从句，主句是将来时，其时间或条件状语从句应用一般现在时。 例5 Great changes ______ (take) place in Shanghai in the past ten years. 答案：have taken place

提示：In the past ten years会造成过去时间感觉，但其意思是近十年中，与现在有关，要用现在完成时。

例6 It is said that they _______ (hold) an English evening next week. 答案：will hold

提示：主句It is said是现在时时态，从句要用将来时，不能用过去将来时。

二、复习时需要注意的要点

(1) 将来时除了shall/will+v.以外还有be going to+v.，表示不久即将发生的事，be doing（用于某些动词，如leave, come, start, reach等）；be+to+v.，可带时间状语，表示“必须”； “打算”，be about+to+v.，表示“即将”。例如：

1) Hurry up! The bus is starting.

2) We are leaving for Nanjing tomorrow.

(2) 有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词没有进行时。例如：be, like, want, love, hear, wash, hope

(3)现在完成时与一般过去时都表示动作发生于过去，但现在完成时强调结果，一般过去时强调时间。例如：

1) Have you been to the Great Wall?

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动词的时态

在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态. 英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write为例)

一般 进行 am is writing are was 过去 wrote shall 将来 write will should 过去将来 write would writting were shall be writing will should be writing would 完成 has written have had written shall have written will should have written would shall have been writing will should have been writing would had been writing 完成进行 has been writing have 现在 write writes

被动语态的构成

am 现在 一般 am 进行 has 完成 is taught are was taught were is being taught are was being taught were been taught have had been taught 过去 14

shall 将来 be taught will should 过去将来 be taught would 被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach为例)

英语被动语态讲解

（一）语态的基本概念和种类

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them. (二)被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词 (三)被动语态的用法

1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗

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了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如： the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到 （四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 (1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：

Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。

Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。

(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：

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He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。

注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：

I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’ office.

看见他进入了教师办公室。

(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：

He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。

【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。 (4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：

He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤

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了。

(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：

She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。 The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。 （6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done （五）不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：

appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated.

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要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.

Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn . It sounds good.

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life . She dreamed a bad dream last night.

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. 二、复习时需要注意的要点

（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：

①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；

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②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态； ③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。

（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语 ②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。

（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。 各种时态的被动语态举例

1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）

English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)

The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。

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My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)

A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。

4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)

The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。

The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。

5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)

Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。

The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。

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Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 6．过去完成时(had been+done)

They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。

She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。

He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了 第三节 巩固练习

Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:

1． We often use a recorder in our English class. 2． They will show a new film next week. 3． When did they build the house? 4． I saw the boy enter the room. 5． Will they show a new film next week? 6． Have they posted the letter yet? 7． We often see him help his classmate.

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8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d 9． Who is repairing the bike?

10． The student should learn all the texts by heart. Ⅱ.选择填空:

1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.

A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.

A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept

4. His father ________ to work in 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent 5. The pen ________ well.

A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.

A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9. ________ his work ________ yet?

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A. have…been finished B. has …been finished C. has …finished D. have…finished 10. The classroom ________ now

A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空: 1. Can he ________ (speak) English?

2. What language ________ (speak) in that country? 3.The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.

4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.

5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light? 6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now. 7. ________ the book ________ (return). 8.Rice ________ (grow) in the south.

9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy. 10.I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.

被动语态练习题

( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.

A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning

( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school

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hall next week.

A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give ( )3.His new book___ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published ( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I____.

A.am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite

( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? —When your homework___,you can.

A. is done B.was done C.does D.did

( )6.Twenty—year—olds should not____to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.

( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what___.

A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.

( )8.The book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999. A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.

( )9.Trees and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted. ( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.

A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.

( )11.The earth is our home.It ___well.

A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.

( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested

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D.do;interested.

( )13.___a new library____in your school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built. ( )14.An accident___on this road last week.

A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.

( )15.Cotten ____in the southeast of China.

A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow. ( )16.So far, the moon___by man already.

A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited.

( )17.How many trees ___this year?

A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted. ( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done.

( )19.Neither of them ___ in China

A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made. ( )20.Look! A nice picture___for our teacher.

A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws. ( )21.Your shoes___.You need a new pair.

A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn. ( )22.The doctor___for yet.

A.isn’t sent B.hasn’t been sent C.won’t be sent D.wasn’t sent.

( )23—When ___this kind of computer___? —Last year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used ( )24.The Great Wall__about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. ( )25.I___in summer.

26

A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born. ( )26.He says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent. ( )27.Who ___this book__?

A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written ( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.

A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )30.The monkey was seen____out of the tree.

A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

二、单项选择 1

( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 2

( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat. -I'm sorry. ___.

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

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( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 3

( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking

( ) 2 These papers___yet.

A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written ( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week. A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't 4

( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- ___.

A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended? ( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do 5

( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ( ) 2 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by ( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am 6

( ) 1 The flowers___often.

A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered must water

( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.

D. 28

A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.

A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 7

( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt

C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt ( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.

A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown

( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild 8

( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.

A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept

( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.

A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep ( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.

A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow ( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.

A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung 9

( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing ( ) 2 The teapot ___ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled

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( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 4 Old people must ___.

A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well 10

( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.

A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care ( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.

A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens ( ) 3 These walls___stones.

A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into 11

( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said ( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.

A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown ( ) 3 The coat___her sister.

A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to 12

( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given ( ) 2 Good care____such things.

A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of ( ) 3 She will____good care____.

A.take;of B.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you 13

( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done

( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean

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( ) 3 These children____dance.

A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 14

( ) 1 These stones___well.

A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted ( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.

A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed

( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had 15

( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.

A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place

( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.

A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down ( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.

A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened

( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell 16

( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.

A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken ( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing

( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?

A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close 17

( ) 1 Can he___ himself?

A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of ( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.

A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt

( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__.

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A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burnt 18

( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.

A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting ( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at ( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.

A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded 19

( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.

A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing ( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.

A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ( ) 3 The book is worth ___.

A. seeing B. reading C. Seen D. read

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试题答案（复合句）

I.

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D

II. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D

III. 1. B 2. B 3. C IV. 1. What’s wrong with 2. watering flowers 3. Helen is too young 4. everyone is here 5. Would you like to V.

1. I’m looking for / I want / I’d like a T-shirt for my son. 2. What size does your son wear? / What size do you want? 3. How / What about this one?

4. How much is it? / How much does it cost? / How much should I pay for it? 5. I’ll take it. VI.

1. Who 2. to have a rest 3. many 4. as soon as 5. caught 6. the other 7. held 8. late 9. family 10. for VII.

The computer is one of the greatest inventions. It is widely used all over the world. It helps us work faster and faster, and it can do more and more work instead of man. Both at work and at home, it touches the life of everyone.

But besides a lot of good things, computers also have something bad. Children don’t know how to work out math problems because computers can do all the things for them. People who work in front of computers fall ill more often. The most important thing is that when people talk on the Internet all day, they will have less and less time to know real people or the real world.

答案I、（24页）

1. A recorder is often used in our English class. 2. A new film will be shown by then next week.

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3. When was the house built by them? 4. The boy was seen to enter the room.

5. Will a new film be shown by them next week? 7. He is often seen to help his classmate.

8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed. 9. Who is the bike being repaired by? (By whom is the bike being repaired?)

10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.

II、

1.D B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A III、

1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown 4. are made 5. turn 6. is being built 7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasn’t broken 10. was told didn’t come

参（28页，被动语态练习） 1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB

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6.B 7.C 8.B 9..C 10

26~30DBBBD

参： 1. 1-5 B D D D C

2. 1-5 B C B B C 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A

14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B

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